henlelatinhelps.files.wordpress.com · Web viewPronouns of the THIRD person are those which refer to the person or thing spoken or written ABOUT. In English they are : HE (HIM), SHE

Challenge AGRAMMAR NOTEBOOK

SEMESTER 2

GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 1

Active Voice – Indicative MoodNo 163: Imperfect Tense (present stem)

Number Person Form MeaningSingular 1st P laud-ābam I was praisingSingular 2nd P. laud-ābas you were praisingSingular 3rd P. laud-ābat he, she, it were praising

Plural 1st P. laud-ābāmus we were praisingPlural 2nd P. laud-ābātis you were praisingPlural 3rd P. laud-ābant they were praising

No 164: Future Tense (present stem)

Number Person Form MeaningSingular 1st P laud-ābō I will praise (he, she, it will be praising)Singular 2nd P. laud-ābis you will praise (he, she, it will be praising)Singular 3rd P. laud-ābit he, she, it will praise (he, she, it will be praising)

Plural 1st P. laud-ābimus we will praise (we will be praising)Plural 2nd P. laud-ābitis you will praise (you will be praising)Plural 3rd P. laud-ābunt they will praise (they will be praising)

Additional Rules from Reading:

Imperfect Indicative Active:

1. The imperfect of a verb is formed on the PRESENT STEM.

2. The ending has the a of the first conjugation

3. The FINAL PERSONAL SIGNS are the same as for the present tense.

4. The ending contains a TENSE SIGN: ba (e.g. laud-ā-ba-t), which is ALWAYS THE SIGN OF THE IMPERFECT TENSE (The Latin verb is thus a sort of CODE which you learn to decipher.)

Future Indicative Active

1. The future tense is formed on the PRESENT STEM.

2. The ending had the a of the first conjugation

3. The final personal signs are the same as for the present and the imperfect tenses.

4. The ending contains a tense sign, bi (e.g. laud-ā-BI-t) which is the sign of the future in the FIRST and SECOND conjugations.

Practice for Week 1


Practice the imperfect tense by adding the form and meaning using laudo, 1, tr, praise

Number Person Form MeaningSingular 1st PSingular 2nd P. Singular 3rd P.

Plural 1st P. Plural 2nd P. Plural 3rd P.


Practice the future tense by adding the form and meaning using laudo, 1, tr, praise



Practice – Week 1

Review:

Additional Rules from Reading:

Imperfect Indicative Active:

5. The imperfect of a verb is formed on the __________________ STEM.

6. The ending has the a of the ___________ conjugation

7. The FINAL PERSONAL SIGNS are the same as for the _______________ tense.

8. The ending contains a TENSE SIGN: ________ (e.g. laud-ā-ba-t), which is ALWAYS THE SIGN OF THE IMPERFECT TENSE (The Latin verb is thus a sort of CODE which you learn to decipher.)

Future Indicative Active

5. The future tense is formed on the ______________STEM.

6. The ending had the a of the _____________ conjugation

7. The final personal signs are the same as for the ___________ and the____________ tenses.

8. The ending contains a tense sign, ____________ (e.g. laud-ā-BI-t) which is the sign of the future in the ________________and _______________ conjugations.

Additional Practice for Week 1

Practice the Imperfect tense by filling in form and meaning on the following charts:

IMPERFECT - pugnō, 1., intr. - fight



FUTURE - pugnō, 1., intr. - fight



IMPERFECT - superō, 1. tr. - overcome, conquer, surpass



S2W1

FUTURE - superō, 1. tr. - overcome, conquer, surpass



IMPERFECT - portō, 1. tr. - carry



FUTURE - portō, 1. tr. - carry



S2W1

IMPERFECT - dō, dare, dedī, datus, 1, tr. - give



FUTURE - dō, dare, dedī, datus, 1, tr. - give



IMPERFECT - vocō, 1. tr. - call



S2W1

FUTURE - vocō, 1. tr. - call



Review: Nouns

numerus, ī - number

Form Meaning Use

Singular Nominative Subject

Singular Genitive Possessive

Singular Dative Indirect object

Singular Accusative Direct object

Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition

Plural Nominative Subject

Plural Genitive Possessive

Plural Dative Indirect object

Plural Accusative Direct object

Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition

S2W1

centuriō, centuriōnis - a centurion

Form Meaning Use











mors, mortis - death

Form Meaning Use











S2W1

hīberna, hībernōrum – winter quarters

Form Meaning Use











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No. 123:

First Person

Number Case Form Meaning

Singular Nominative ego I

Singular Genitive meī of me, of myself

Singular Dative mihi to me, to myself

Singular Accusative me me, myself

Singular Ablative me (by, etc.) me, myself

Plural Nominative nōs we

Plural Genitive nostrīnostrum

of us, of ourselves

Plural Dative nobis to us, to ourselves

Plural Accusative nōs us, ourselves

Plural Ablative nobis (by, etc.) us, ourselves

Footnotes: mē - Mēcum, tēcum, nōbīscum, vōbīscum are used for cum, mē, etc.Nostrī and vestrī are objective genitives only (see No. 684)Nostrum and vestrum are used as partitive genitives (See no. 686)

Week 2

No. 124: 2nd Person PronounsNumber Case Form Meaning

Singular Nominative tū you

Singular Genitive tuī of you, of yourself

Singular Dative tibi to you, to yourself

Singular Accusative tē you, yourself

Singular Ablative tē (by, etc.) you, yourself

Plural Nominative vōs you

Plural Genitive vestrīvestrum

of you, yourselves

Plural Dative vōbis to you, yourselves

Plural Accusative vōs you, yourselves

Plural Ablative vōbis (by, etc.) you, yourselves

No. 128 B. Non-reflexiveNum Case Masc Fem Neuter

Sing Nom is he ea she id it

Sing Gen ējus of himhis

ējus of herher

ējus of itits

Sing Dat eī to or for him

eī to or for her

eī to or for it

Sing Acc eum him eam her id it

Sing Abl. eō (by, etc) him

eā (by, etc) her

eō (by, etc) it

Pl Nom eī they eae they ea they (those things)

Pl Gen eōrum of themtheir

eārum of themtheir

eōrum of themtheir

Pl Dat eīs to or for them

eīs to or for them

eīs to or for them

Pl Acc eōs them eās them ea them (those things)

Pl Abl. eīs (by, etc) them

eīs (by, etc) them

eīs (by, etc) them

Practice – Week 2

No. 123: First Person

Add form and meaning for ego, meī

Person Case Form Meaning

Singular Nominative

Singular Genitive

Singular Dative

Singular Accusative

Singular Ablative

Plural Nominative

Plural Genitive

Plural Dative

Plural Accusative

Plural Ablative

No. 124: 2nd Person Pronouns Add form and meaning for tū, tuī

Singular Nominative

Singular Genitive

Singular Dative

Singular Accusative

Singular Ablative

Plural Nominative

Plural Genitive

Plural Dative

Plural Accusative

Plural Ablative

S2W2

No. 128 B. Non-reflexiveFill in below chart:

Masc Fem Neuter

Sing Nom

Sing Gen

Sing Dat

Sing Acc

Sing Abl.

Pl Nom

Pl Gen

Pl Dat

Pl Acc

Pl Abl.

Additional Practice for week 2

Practice declining the nouns in the vocabulary with the following chart:

locus, ī – (pl., loca, locōrum) - place

Form Meaning Use











Decline adjectives from the vocabulary

aliēnus, a, um - unfavorable, another's, foreign

Masculinelike servus

Femininelike porta

Neuterlike bellum

Singular Nominative

Singular Genitive

Singular Dative

Singular Accusative

Singular Ablative

Plural Nominative

Plural Genitive

Plural Dative

Plural Accusative

Plural AblativePage intentionally left blank


Practice for Week 3

Review


Practice the imperfect tense by adding the form and meaning using laudo, 1, tr, praise




Practice the future tense by adding the form and meaning using laudo, 1, tr, praise




Practice declining the nouns in the vocabulary using the following charts:

ōrātiō, ōrātiōnis - speech, prayer

Form Meaning Use












No: 165 : Present Tense (present stem) : I advise

mon-eō – I advise, I am advising, I do advisemon-ēs - You advise, You are advising, You do advisemon-et - he, she, it advises; he, she, it is advising; he, she it does advise

mon-ēmus – we advise, we are advising, we do advisemon-ētis - You advise, You are advising, You do advisemon-ent – they advise, they are advising, they do advise

No: 168 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was advising

mon-ēbam- I was advisingmon-ēbas - you were advisingmon-ēbat – he, she, it was advising

mon-ēbāmus – we were advisingmon-ēbātis – you were advisingmon-ēbant – they were advising

No. 171: Future Tense (present stem): I shall advise

mon-ēbō – I shall advise (you shall be advising)mon-ēbis – you will advise (you will be advising)mon-ēbit – he, she, it will advise (he, she, it will be advising)

mon-ēbimus – we shall advise (we shall be advising)mon-ēbitis – you will advise (you will be advising)mon-ēbunt – they will advise (they will be advising)

Additional Rules from the Reading:

1. All verbs whose present infinitive active ends in -ĒRE belong to the second conjugation.

2. Model for moneō

1. Find the stem by dropping the ending of the present infinitive active, thus: monēre, STEM: mon-.

2. Add -eō for the first person present indicative active.

3. For the other endings use the endings of the first conjugation but change the first a of the endings to e.

Practice for Week 4

Give form and meaning for moneō, 2. tr., advise in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 165.

Form MeaningSingular 1st PSingular 2nd PSingular 3rd P

Plural 1st PPlural 2nd PPlural 3rd P

Give form and meaning for moneō, 2. tr., advise in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 168.



Give form and meaning for moneō, 2. tr., advise in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 171.



S2W4

Review: Additional Rules from the Reading:

1. All verbs whose present infinitive active ends in -ĒRE belong to the _______________ conjugation.

2. Model for moneō

1. Find the stem by dropping the ending of the _____________________, thus: monēre, STEM: mon-.

2. Add -____ for the first person present indicative active.

3. For the other endings use the endings of the first conjugation but change the first a of the endings to _______.


Give form and meaning for timeō, timēre, timuī, 2 tr. – fear in the Present Tense (present stem) (No. 165)

Form Meaning

Singular 1st PSingular 2nd PSingular 3rd P


Give form and meaning for timeō, timēre, timuī, 2 tr. – fear in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) (No. 168)



Give form and meaning for timeō, timēre, timuī, 2 tr. – fear in the Future Tense (present stem) (No. 171)



S2W4

Give form and meaning for terreō, 2, tr. – terrify in the Present Tense (present stem) (No. 165)

Form Meaning



Give form and meaning for terreō, 2, tr. – terrify fear in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) (No. 168)



Give form and meaning for terreō, 2, tr. – terrify in the Future Tense (present stem) (No. 171)



S2W4

Give form and meaning for habeō, 2, tr. - have in the Present Tense (present stem) (No. 165)

Form Meaning



Give form and meaning for habeō, 2, tr. - have in the Imperfect Tense (present stem)

(No. 168)



Give form and meaning for habeō, 2, tr. - have in the Future Tense (present stem)

(No. 171)



S2W4

Review: Nouns

arma, armōrum – arms

Form Meaning Use













Review of Week 4

Give form and meaning for moneō, 2. tr., advise in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 165.



Give form and meaning for moneō, 2. tr., advise in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 168.



Give form and meaning for moneō, 2. tr., advise in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 171.





Review Rules for #123 and #124

No. 346 – Indicative Present

Form MeaningSingular 1st P sum I am Singular 2nd P es You areSingular 3rd P est he, she, it is

Plural 1st P sumus we arePlural 2nd P estis you arePlural 3rd P sunt they are


Personal Pronouns:

1. Pronouns of the FIRST person are those which refer to the SPEAKER OR WRITER. In English they are: I (ME), WE (US).

2. Pronouns of the SECOND person are those which refer to the person spoken TO. In English they are: YOU (THOU, THEE, YE)

3. Pronouns of the THIRD person are those which refer to the person or thing spoken or written ABOUT. In English they are : HE (HIM), SHE (HER), IT, THEY (THEM)

Practice for Week 6

No. 123:

First Person

Number Case Form Meaning

Singular Nominative

Singular Genitive

Singular Dative

Singular Accusative

Singular Ablative

Plural Nominative

Plural Genitive

Plural Dative

Plural Accusative

Plural Ablative

Footnotes: mē - Mēcum, tēcum, nōbīscum, vōbīscum are used for cum, mē, etc.Nostrī and vestrī are objective genitives only (see No. 684)Nostrum and vestrum are used as partitive genitives (See no. 686)

S2W6

No. 124: 2nd Person PronounsNumber Case Form Meaning

Singular Nominative

Singular Genitive

Singular Dative

Singular Accusative

Singular Ablative

Plural Nominative

Plural Genitive

Plural Dative

Plural Accusative

Plural Ablative

Practice Indicative Active of Sum



Review:


Personal Pronouns:

1. Pronouns of the FIRST person are those which refer to the _______________________. In English they are: I (ME), WE (US).

2. Pronouns of the SECOND person are those which refer to __________________. In English they are: YOU (THOU, THEE, YE)

3. Pronouns of the THIRD person are those which refer to

_________________________________________________ In English they are : HE (HIM), SHE (HER), IT, THEY (THEM)


Give form and meaning for videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus, 2. tr. – see in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 165.



Give form and meaning for videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus, 2. tr. – see in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 168.



Give form and meaning for videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus, 2. tr. – see in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 171.



S2W6

Give form and meaning for teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus, 2., tr. - hold in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 165.



Give form and meaning for teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus, 2., tr. - hold in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 168.



Give form and meaning for teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus, 2., tr. - hold. – see in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 171.



S2W6

Give form and meaning for moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtus, 2., tr. - move in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 165.



Give form and meaning for moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtus, 2., tr. - in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 168.



Give form and meaning for moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtus, 2., tr. - – see in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 171.




No. 128 B. Non-reflexive

Masc Fem Neuter

Sing Nom is he ea she id it

Sing Gen ējus of himhis

ējus of herher

ējus of itits

Sing Dat eī to or for him

eī to or for her

eī to or for it

Sing Acc eum him eam her id it

Sing Abl. eō (by, etc) him

eā (by, etc) her

eō (by, etc) it

Pl Nom eī they eae they ea they (those things)

Pl Gen eōrum of themtheir

eārum of themtheir

eōrum of themtheir

Pl Dat eīs to or for them

eīs to or for them

eīs to or for them

Pl Acc eōs them eās them ea them (those things)

Pl Abl. eīs (by, etc) them

eīs (by, etc) them

eīs (by, etc) them

No. 129 Note: 1. The meanings given for the masculine and feminine of is, ea, id hold only when the pronouns refers to PERSONS. Otherwise all forms are translated as in the neuter.

Urbem cēpit. Posteā eam incendit. He took the city,. Afterwards, he burned it.

No 479A pronoun agrees with the word to which it refers, in gender and number; its case depends on its use in sits own clause

Practice for Week 7

No. 128 B. Non-reflexiveFill in below chart:

Masc Fem Neuter

Sing Nom

Sing Gen

Sing Dat

Sing Acc

Sing Abl.

Pl Nom

Pl Gen

Pl Dat

Pl Acc

Pl Abl.

Copy Grammar rules:

# 129 ________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

# 479 ________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________


Practice declining the nouns in the vocabulary using the following charts:

fīnēs, fīnium, m. - territory (plural noun from the 3rd declension)

Form Meaning Use











S2W7

Give form and meaning for sustineō, sustinēre, sustinuī, sustentus, 2., tr. - sustain, withstand in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 165.



Give form and meaning for sustineō, sustinēre, sustinuī, sustentus, 2., tr. - sustain, withstand in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 168.



Give form and meaning for sustineō, sustinēre, sustinuī, sustentus, 2., tr. - sustain, withstand in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 171.




No. 127 a) Reflexive

Nom. …........... …..............Gen suī of himself, herself, itself, themselvesDat. sibi to himself, herself, itself, themselvesAcc sē (sēsē) himself, herself, itself, themselvesAbl sē (sēsē) (by, etc.) himself, herself, itself, themselves

Eī sē laudābant. They were praising themselves.

Marīa sē nōn laudat. Mary does not praise herself.

Caesar sē laudābat. Caesar was praising himself.

Legiō sē laudābat. The legion was praising itself.

Additional Rule from Reading:

A pronoun that refers back to the subject of its own clause is called a direct reflexive.

Practice for Week 8

No. 127 a) Reflexive

Form MeaningNomGenDatAccAbl

Eī sē laudābant. They were praising _____________________.

Marīa sē nōn laudat. Mary does not praise __________________.

Caesar sē laudābat. Caesar was praising __________________.

Legiō sē laudābat. The legion was praising __________________.

Additional Rule from Reading:

A pronoun that refers back to the subject of its own clause is called a _____________ ___________________.


Active Voice – Indicative Mood

No: 166 : Present Tense (present stem) : I sendmitt-eō – I send, I am sending, I do sendmitt-is – you send, you are sending, you do sendmitt-it – he, she, it sends; he, she, it is sending; he, she, it does send

mitt-imus – we send, we are sending, we do sendmitt-itis – you send, you are sending, you do sendmitt-unt – they send, they are sending, they do send

No: 169 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was sending

mitt-ēbam – I was sendingmitt-ēbās – you were sendingmitt-ēbat – he, she, it was sending

mitt-ēbāmus – we were sendingmitt-ēbātis – you were sendingmitt-ēbant – they were sending

Additional rules from reading:

Future Indicative Active of Mittō

The future indicative active of the third conjugation is quite different from that of the first and second. The personal signs are the SAME, but there is NO TENSE SIGN and the VOWEL of the endings change.

Practice for Week 9

No 166: Present Tense (present stem)

Give form and meaning for mittō, 3. tr., send for the present tense.



No 169: Imperfect Tense (present stem)

Give form and meaning for mittō, 3. tr., send for the imperfect tense.



Review:

Additional rules from reading:

Future Indicative Active of Mittō

The future indicative active of the third conjugation is quite different from that of the first and second. The personal signs are the SAME, but there is NO ________________ and the

___________ of the endings change.


Give form and meaning for dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus, 3, tr. - lead, guide in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 166.



Give form and meaning for dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus, 3, tr. - lead, guide in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 169.



Give form and meaning for gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus, 3. tr. - carry, carry on in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 166.



S2W9

Give form and meaning for gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus, 3. tr. - carry, carry on in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 169.



Give form and meaning for dēfendō, dēfendere, dēfendī, dēfēnsus, 3. tr. – defend in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 166.



Give form and meaning for dēfendō, dēfendere, dēfendī, dēfēnsus, 3. tr. – defend in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 169.


Plural 1st PPlural 2nd P

Plural 3rd P

S2W9

Give form and meaning for īnstruō, īnstruere, īnstrūxī, īnstrūctus, 3. tr. - draw up, equip in the Present Tense (present stem)

No. 166.



Give form and meaning for īnstruō, īnstruere, īnstrūxī, īnstrūctus, 3. tr. - draw up, equip in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 169.



Give form and meaning for vincō, vincere, vīcī, victus, 3. tr. - conquer in the Present Tense (present stem)

No. 166.



S2W9

Give form and meaning for vincō, vincere, vīcī, victus, 3. tr. - conquer in the Imperfect Tense (present stem)

No. 169.



Give form and meaning for petō, petere, petīvī, petītus, 3. tr. - seek, beg, request in the Present Tense (present stem)

No. 166.



Give form and meaning for petō, petere, petīvī, petītus, 3. tr. - seek, beg, request in the Imperfect Tense (present stem)

No. 169.


Plural 1st P

Plural 2nd PPlural 3rd P

S2W9

Give form and meaning for pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsus, 3. tr. - drive, repulse, rout in the Present Tense (present stem)

No. 166.



Give form and meaning for pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsus, 3. tr. - drive, repulse, rout in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 169.



S2W9

Review: Nouns

litterae, litterārum – letter (i.e. an epistle) , dispatch

Form Meaning Use







No. 172: Future Tense (present stem): I shall send

mitt-am – I shall send (I shall be sending)mitt-ēs – you will send (you will be sending)mitt-et – he, she, it will send (he, she, it will be sending)

mitt-ēmus – we shall send (we shall be sending)mitt-ētis – you will send (you will be sending)mitt-ent – they will send (they will be sending)

Practice for Week 10

Give form and meaning for mittō, 3. tr., send in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 172



Additional Practice

Practice with verbs from vocabulary

Give form and meaning for pōnō, pōmere, posuī, positus, 3. tr. - put, place, set in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 172



Give form and meaning for contendō, contendere, contendī, 3. intr. - strive, contend, hastenin the Future Tense (present stem) No. 172



Plural 3rd P

S2W10

Give form and meaning for agō, agere, egī, āctus, 3. tr., - drive, do, act, treat in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 172






No: 167 : Present Tense (present stem) : I hearaud-iō - I hear, I am hearing, I do hearaud- īs – you hear, you are hearing, you do hearaud-it – he, she, it hears; he, she, it is hearing; he, she it, does hear

aud- īmus – we hear, we are hearing, we do hearaud- ītis - you hear, you are hearing, you do hearaud-iunt – they hear, they are hearing, they do hear


No: 170 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was hearingaud-iēbam - I was hearingaud-iēbās – you were hearingaud-iēbat – he, she, it was hearing

aud-iēbāmas – we were hearingaud-iēbātis - you were hearingaud-iēbant – they were hearing

No: 173 : Future Tense (present stem) : I shall hearaud-iam - I shall hear (I shall be hearing)aud-iēs – you will hear (you will be hearing)aud-iēt – he, she, it will hear (he, she, it will be hearing)

aud-iēmas – we shall hear ( we shall be hearing)aud-iētis - you will hear (you will be hearing)aud-ient – they will hear (they will be hearing)


Present System Active of 4th Conjugation To form the principal parts of regular verbs of the fourth conjugation, drop the -iō of the first person singular present indicative and add -īre, īvī, ītus (notice the long ī). Thus:

aud-iō, audīre, aud-īvī, aud-ītus


Give form and meaning for audiō, 4. tr. – hear in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 167.



Give form and meaning for audiō, 4. tr. – hear in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 170.



Give form and meaning for audiō, 4. tr. – hear in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 173.



Additional practice for Week 11

Give form and meaning for muniō, 4. tr. - fortify, in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 167.



Give form and meaning for muniō, 4. tr. - fortify, in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 170.



Give form and meaning for muniō, 4. tr. - fortify, in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 173.



S2W11

Give form and meaning for veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum, 4, intr. - come, in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 167.



Give form and meaning for veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum, 4, intr. - come, in the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 170.



Give form and meaning for veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum, 4, intr. - come in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 173.



S2W11

Give form and meaning for conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum, 4. intr. - come together, assemble, in the Present Tense (present stem) No. 167.



Give form and meaning for conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum, 4. intr. - come together, assemble the Imperfect Tense (present stem) No. 170.



Give form and meaning for conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum, 4. intr. - come together, assemble in the Future Tense (present stem) No. 173.



Plural 3rd P


No. 14 - Nouns have gender, number, case and declension

No. 15 - Gender. There are three genders in Latin: masculine, feminine, neuter.

No. 16 - All nouns meaning individual male persons are masculine.

No. 17 - All nouns meaning individual female persons are feminine.

No. 18 - The gender of other nouns must be learned from their declension of from the vocabularies.

No. 19 - Number. There are two numbers in Latin: singular and plural.

No. 20 The singular speaks of one: via, a road.

No. 21 The plural speaks of more than one: viae, roads.

No. 22 Case. There are six cases in Latin:

Nominative: the case of the Subject. Genitive: the case of the Possessor. Dative: the case of the Indirect Object; the ‘to’ or ‘for’ caseAccusative: the case of the Direct Object.Ablative: the ‘by-with-from’ case [ used frequently with prepositions]Vocative: the case of the Person Addressed.

No. 23 Declension. Declension consists in adding the proper ENDINGS to the STEM to show the different genders, numbers, and cases

No. 24 Stem. The stem is found by dropping the ENDIGN of the GENITIVE SINGULAR. vi-ae, stem: vi-

S2W12No. 346 – Indicative Present

Singular - sum – I am es – you are est – he, she, it, is

Plural - sumus - we are estis – you are sunt – they are

No. 347 – Indicative Imperfect

Singular – eram - I was erās – you were erat – he, she, it was

Plural – erāmus – we were erātis – you were erant – they were

No. 348 – Indicative Future

Singular - erō – I shall be eris – you will be erit – he, she, it will be

Plural - erimus – we shall be eritis – you will be

erunt – they will be

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Present, Imperfect, and and Future Indicative of Sum:

1. The final personal signs are the same as in the four conjugations.2. The third person plural of the future is erunt.

No. 474 - A predicate adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number, and case

Vīta brevis est.Life is short.

No. 477 - An attributive adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number and case.

Mīles fortis pugnat.The brave soldier fights.


Copy or fill in the blank Grammar Rules:

No. 14 - Nouns ____________________________________________________________

No. 15 - Gender. There are three genders in Latin: ________________________________.

No. 16 - All nouns meaning individual male persons are _______________________.

No. 17 - All nouns meaning individual female persons are _______________________.

No. 18 - The gender of other nouns must be learned from their ______________ of from the vocabularies.

No. 19 - Number. There are two numbers in Latin: _______________________________.

No. 20 The singular speaks of ___________: via, a road.

No. 21 The plural speaks of more than _______________: viae, roads.

No. 22 Case. There are ________ cases in Latin:

_______________: the case of the ____________________.

_________________: the case of the ________________. _________________: the case of the ________________; the _____/________ case.

_________________: the case of the ________________.

_________________: the “ ________________” case [used frequently with _______________]

_________________: the case of the ________________.

No. 23 Declension. _________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

No. 24 Stem. The stem is found by dropping the __________________of the GENITIVE ____________________ vi-ae, stem: vi-

SW12No. 346 – Indicative Present - SUM



No. 346 – Indicative Imperfect – ERAM



No. 348 – Indicative Future - ERO



Copy Grammar Rules:

No. 474: ______________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

No. 477: ______________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 13

Verbs

No 142 Verbs have voice, mood, tense, number, and person.

No 143 Voice. There are two vocies: active and passive.

No 144 a. The active represents the subject as acting or being. Lēgātum laudō. I praise the envoy. Valeō. I am well.

No 145 b. The passive represents the subject as acted upon. Laudor. I am praised.

No 146 Mood. There are three moods: indicative, subjunctive, imperative. (The meanings and used of these moods and tenses must be learned by syntax)

No 147 Tense. There are six tenses: present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect. (The meanings and used of these moods and tenses must be learned by syntax)

No 148 Number. There are two numbers: singular and plural. No 149 Person. There are three persons:

First (the one speaking – I, we)

Second (the one spoken to – you)

Third (the one spoken of – he, she, it, they)

No 150 Conjugation consists in adding the proper endings to the proper stem to show the different voices, moods, tenses, numbers and persons.

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No 174Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem)

Singular – 1. laudāv-ī - I praised ( I have praised) 2. laudāv-istī - you praised ( you have praised) 3. laudāv-īt - he, she, it praised ( he, she, it has praised)

Plural - 1. laudāv-imus - we praised ( we have praised) 2. laudāv-istis you praised ( you have praised) 3. laudāv-ērunt – they praised (they have praised)


Singular – 1. monu-ī - I advised (I have advised) 2. monu-istī - you advised ( you have advised) 3. monu-īt - he, she, it advised (he, she, it has advised)

Plural - 1. monu-imus - we advised ( we have advised) 2. monu-istis - you advised (you have advised)

3. monu - ērunt – they advised (they have advised)


Singular – 1. mīs -ī - I sent ( I have sent) 2. mīs-istī - you sent ( you have sent) 3. mīs -īt - he, she, it sent ( he, she, it has sent)

Plural - 1. mīs-imus - we sent ( we have sent) 2. mīs-istis - you sent ( you have sent) 3. mīs-ērunt – they sent (they have sent)


Singular – 1. audīv-ī - I heard ( I have heard) 2. audīv-istī - you heard ( you have heard) 3. audīv-īt - he, she, it heard ( he, she, it has heard)

Plural - 1. audīv-imus - we heard ( we have heard) 2. audīv-istis - you heard ( you have heard)

3. audīv-ērunt – they heard (they have heard

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No. 349

Indicative Perfect

Singular – 1. fu-ī - I have been, I was 2. fu-istī - you have been, you were 3. fu-īt - he, she, it has been; he, she it was

Plural - 1. fu-imus - we have been, we were 2. fu-istis - you have been, you were

3. fu-ērunt – they have been, they were

The Perfect Active Stem:

1. The perfect system of the indicative active includes the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect tenses.

2. The perfect active stem is found by dropping the ending -ī of the third principal part.

laudāv-ī stem: laudāv-

monu-ī stem: monu-

mīs-ī stem: mīs-

audīv-ī stem: audīv-

fu-ī stem: fu-

Perfect Indicative Active

The PERFECT tense expresses a past act

For all three forms in English, Latin has one form: the PERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE.

The perfect indicative active of ALL LATIN VERBS, REGULAR AND IRREGULAR, is formed by:

1. Finding the perfect stem from the third principal part;

2. Adding the endings shown in the model, Grammar No. 174


Copy or fill in the blank Grammar Rules:

Verbs

No 142 Verbs have ______________________________________________________.

No 143 Voice. There are two vocies: ________________________________________.

No 144 a. The active represents the ______________________________. Lēgātum laudō. I praise the envoy. Valeō. I am well.

No 145 b. The passive represents the __________________________________. Laudor. I am praised.

No 146 Mood. There are three moods: _________________________________________. (The meanings and used of these moods and tenses must be learned by syntax)

No 147 Tense. There are six tenses________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________. (The meanings and used of these moods and tenses must be learned by syntax)

No 148 Number. There are two numbers: ___________________________________. No 149 Person. There are three persons:

___________________(the one speaking – I, we)

____________________(the one spoken to – you)

__________________(the one spoken of – he, she, it, they)

No 150 Conjugation ________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________.

S2W13

No 174Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - laudāv-ī



No 177Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - monu-ī



No 178Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - mīs -ī



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No 179Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - audīv-ī -



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No. 349

Indicative Perfect - fu-ī




No 174Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - collocō, 1. tr. - place, station



No 177Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsūrus, 2. tr. - remain



No 178Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - compleō, complēre, complēvī, complētus, 2. tr.; w. abl. - fill (with)



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No 179Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem) - cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessūrus, 3. intr. - give way, yield



No. 349

Indicative Perfect - collocō, 1. tr. - place, station




No 175

Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)

Singular – 1. laudāv-eram - I had praised 2. laudāv-erās - you had praised 3. laudāv-erat - he, she, it had praised

Plural - 1. laudāv-erāmus - we had praised 2. laudāv-erātis - you had praised 3. laudāv-erant – they had praise

No 176

Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Tense (Perfect Stem)

Singular – 1. laudāv-erō - I shall have praised 2. laudāv-eris - you will have praised 3. laudāv-erit - he, she, it will have praised

Plural - 1. laudāv-erimus - we shall have praised 2. laudāv-eritis - you will have praised

3. laudāv-erint – they will have praised

No 180Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)

Singular – 1. monu-eram - I had advised 2. monu-erās - you had advised 3. monu-erat - he, she, it had advised

Plural - 1. monu-erāmus - we had advised 2. monu-erātis - you had advised 3. monu-erant– they had advised

S2W14


Singular – 1. mīs -eram - I had sent 2. mīs-erās - you had sent 3. mīs -erat - he, she, it had sent

Plural - 1. mīs-erāmus - we had sent 2. mīs-erātis - you had sent 3. mīs-erant – they had sent


Singular – 1. audīv-eram - I had heard 2. audīv-erās - you had heard 3. audīv-erat - he, she, it had heard

Plural - 1. audīv-erāmus - we had heard 2. audīv-erātis - you had heard

3. audīv-erant – they had heard

No 183Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem)

Singular – 1. monu-erō - I shall have advised 2. monu-eris - you will have advised 3. monu-erit - he, she, it will have advised

Plural - 1. monu-erimus - we shall have advised 2. monu-eritis - you will have advised

3. monu-erint– they will have advised


Singular – 1. mīs -erō - I shall have sent 2. mīs-eris - you will have sent 3. mīs -erit - he, she, it will have sent

Plural - 1. mīs-erimus - we shall have sent 2. mīs-eritis - you will have sent

3. mīs-erint – they will have sentS2W14


Singular – 1. audīv-erō - I shall have heard 2. audīv-eris - you will have heard 3. audīv -erat - he, she, it will have heard

Plural - 1. audīv-erimus - we shall have heard 2. audīv-eritis - you will have heard

3. audīv-erint – they will have heard


No 175

Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) – laudav-



No 176

Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Tense (Perfect Stem) - laudav



No 180Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) – monu-



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No 181Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) - mīs



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No 182Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)- audīv



No 183Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem) - monu



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No 184Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem) - mīs



No 185Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem) - audīv




Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Tense (Perfect Stem) - adjuvō, adjuvāre, adjūvī, adjūtus, 1. tr. - help, aid



Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) - - adjuvō, adjuvāre, adjūvī, adjūtus, 1. tr. - help, aid



Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Tense (Perfect Stem) - - perturbō, 1. tr. - confuse, disturb



Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) - perturbō, 1. tr. - confuse, disturb



Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem) - incendō, incendere, incendī, incēnsus, 3. tr. - set fire to, burn



Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) - - incendō, incendere, incendī, incēnsus, 3. tr. - set fire to, burn



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Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem) incitō, 1. tr. - incite, arouse



Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) - incitō, 1. tr. - incite, arouse



Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem) servō, 1. tr – guard, keep



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Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum) - servō, 1. tr – guard, keep



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henlelatinhelps.files.wordpress.com · Web viewPronouns of the THIRD person are those which refer to the person or thing spoken or written ABOUT. In English they are : HE (HIM), SHE