Fig1. Sesamum indicum planted in the fields of NBPGR.

Fig2. S. mulayanum, synonym S. malabaricum, the wild progenitor of S. indicum.

2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 20050

0.20.40.60.8

11.21.41.61.8

2

Area under sesame cultivation (FAOSTAT, 2011)

Myanmar

India

China

Yearly area under production

Area in million hectares

Fig3. Graphical presentation of area under sesame cultivation for top three sesame producing

countries in the world.

2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 20050123456789

Sesame production according to FAOSTAT, 2011

Myanmar

India

China

Yearly production

Production in mil-lion tonnes

Fig4. Graphical presentation of the yearly production in million tonnes for the top three sesame

producing countries in the world.

Fig5. Fatty acid biosynthetic pathway in plants. [Source: Wu et al. (2009)].

Fig6. Gas chromatography analysis depicting peaks of various fatty acids, after their

determination using percentage area of the peaks formed.

TC 25

Gujarat Til 2

(a)

(b)

Fig7. SSR primers with sesame germplasm to check polymorphism. Marker is 1Kb; sample amount loaded is 25µl and primers are (a) GI40446779 and (b) GI40448385

Fig8. (a) Gel image showing samples after PCR purification of primer sad. The ladder used is of

1Kb, sample amount: 2 µl. (b) Gel image depicting samples after PCR purification of primer

fad2. Ladder used is of 1kb; sample amount: 2 µl.

Fig9. Multiple sequence alignment of o3fad locus (partial) depicting SNPs and INDELs.

Sad (a) Fad2 (b) O3fad (c)

Fig10. Genetic diversity calculations for Sad (a), Fad2 (b) and O3fad (c) in four populations of sesame. First row diagrams plot average number of population pairwise differences (i.e. the mean number of base-pair differences between all pairs of sequences in a samples): above diagonal shows average number of pairwise differences between populations, diagonal element indicates average number of pairwise differences within population, and below diagonal is corrected average pairwise difference (Nei’s distance). Second row diagrams plot matrices of population pairwise Fsts. A high Fst implies a considerable degree of differentiation among populations. Distance method: pairwise difference.

Sad Fad2 O3fad

Fig11. A graphical presentation of variation in allele frequency at different loci in four populations of sesame using AMOVA.

Fig12. Graphical presentation of SNPs involved in the increase/ decrease or moderation of that particular fatty acid with which it is associated.

HIGH Ses_snp1,4,6,7,10,11,12,15,16,18,25,28,29MODERATE Ses_snp2,5,8,17,20,21,22,23,24,26,30LOWSes_snp3,9,13,19,27

(a)

Ses_snp1 (t)

dG= -241.49

Wild

dG= -232.83

(b)

Fig13. (a)Mfold analysis depicting whole structure change of RNA due to ses_snp1 and (b) no change due to ses_snp6.

WILD

dG= - 230.8

Ses_snp6

dG=-227.70

Fig 14. Change in position of ses_snp1 from stack to loop leading to destabilization of structure.

(a)

snp1_c LHASPLDVWPRPLRPLLICCSAAWRLHGQRLCRHPRTLGRQMESGKFNRT ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

snp1_t LHASPLDVWPRPLRPLLICCSAAWRLHGQRLCRHPRTLGRQMESGKFNRT 310 320 330 340 350

360 370 380 390 400snp1_c ICWAESPRLCLLACPQNQEVRERAGRASKHQRSHLAGYMIERCNSEFSSH

:::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::snp1_t ICWAESLRLCLLACPQNQEVRERAGRASKHQRSHLAGYMIERCNSEFSSH

360 370 380 390 400

410 420 430 440 450snp1_c EFLVLHRCNYWEKKLHCSLFAAPPIYCSFRRIMSGVKETVDSGLLSFRCL

WildSes_snp1

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::snp1_t EFLVLHRCNYWEKKLHCSLFAAPPIYCSFRRIMSGVKETVDSGLLSFRCL

410 420 430 440 450

460 470 snp1_c LDLHIGAALVVTLFCGLVFLV

:::::::::::::::::::::snp1_t LDLHIGAALVVTLFCGLVFLV

460 470

(b)

Fig15. (a) Amino acid alignment (partial) of ses_snp1 showing change of Proline to Leucine (b) Ses_snp1 causing structural change of protein from coil to helix depicted by PSIPRED analysis.

(a)

(b)

Fig16. Allele specific primers for the amplification of SNP specific PCR (a) Three sets of Allele specific primers for the amplification of ses_snp1. (b) Three sets of primers for amplification of ses_snp23.

Fig17. Five sets of allele specific primers targeted for ses_snp4 loacted in fad2 locus of sesame germplasm.