Chapter – 6THE THREE ORDERS

2 Marks each

Fundamental

1. Explain the term Feudalism?

2. What was Manor?

Intermediate

3. What was ‘Fief under The Feudal System’?

4. Why did knights become a distinct group and when did they decline’?

Advanced

5. What were Cathedral towns?

6. Why were the European kings of the Europe in 15th and 16th

continues called the new monarchs?

4 Marks each

FUNDAMENTAL

7. “The catholic choosen was a very powerful institution” How?8. Compare the conditions of life for a French serf and a Roman Slave.

Intermediate

9. Briefly describe the mutual relationship between the lords and the knights.

10. Discuss the condition of peasants under feudalism Europe.

Advanced

11. What was the first order of the medieval western Europe’. Discuss its role is the Catholic Church.

12. Discuss the development and organization of towns in the medieval age.

Essay type question 8 marks

FUNDAMENTAL

13. How did a fourth order of society came into existence in Europe.

14. What was the Manorial Estates? Describe its major characteristics.

Intermediate15. What were the effects of expansion of agriculture in medieval

Europe?

16. How did the powerful new states emerge in medieval Europe?

17. Examine the technological changes that occurred is Europe by the eleventh century.

18. Explain the factors which slowed down Europe is economic expansion by the early 14th century.

Answerer Ans1. The term feudalism is derived from the German Word ‘feud’,

The meaning of feud is a piece of land. So that system is known as feudalism is which services were obtained for land.

Ans2. Fertile land was known as ‘Manor’ a land had his own palace within the manor, people living is manor had to survive on the manor land.

Intermediate

Ans3. The knight was given a piece of land by the lord. This place of land was called ‘Fief’. For this land, the knight had to pay his lord a regular fee and a promise to fight for him is was.

Ans4. There were frequent localised war in Europe from the ninth century onwards. This need was fulfilled by the knight in this way, knights became a distinct group.

Ans5. Large churches, called cathedral-Town, were built is France. With the passage of time, towers developed are und these churches.

Ans6. In the 15th and 16th centuries the European rules had strengthen their financial and military power. In the way,

they created powerful states which were important from economic point of view.

Ans7. The catholic church had its own laws. It owned lands given to it by rulers. It could levy taxes from that land. So it did not depend on the king. It was thus a powerful institution.

Ans8. A French serf cultivated the land mainly of lords.1. They were not allowed to leave the estate without the

permission of the lord.2. The lord also had to the right to decide to whom a serf

should marry 3. Forced labour was also taken from them.

Roman slave.1. A Roman slave had a very hard life.2. He was forced to bear more and more children because his

children were also made slaves.3. He was changed so that he might not escape.

Ans9. 1. The knights were unclean to the lords in the same way was the lords were linked to the king.

2. A piece of land was given to the knight by the lord Called ‘fief’.

3. In erechange the knight used to pay a regular fee to his lord and a promise to fight for him is was.

4. A knight could offer his services to other lords but his foremost loyalty was to his own lord.

Ans10. 1. Condition of peasants- Feudal life was based on agriculture. 2. They lived in houses built of mud and grass.

3. They were paid no wages.4. They were paid no wages for this word.5. They used lord’s oven to bake their bread and his will to grind their flour but had to pay but fort it.

Ans11. 1. The clergy was the first order of the medieval western Europe.2. It included the pope, bishops and clergies.3. The church had its own rules.4. Physically disabled and women could not become priests.5. Men, Who became priests, could not marry.6. Church had to right to take one tenth of the total producer from the peasants that was ‘fifth’.

Ans12. 1. Towns developed due to progress of commerce and trade.2. Development of different crafts also helped in the development of towns.3. In towers the guild of riflemen was very rigid.4. A new craftsman was not made a member until he learnt work from a competent craftsman and became stilled.

Ans13. 1. In Europe many serfs who wanted to became a free man

were running away and hidding in towns.2. A number of people in towns were escaped serfs and free peasants and unskilled labours was provided by them.3. Several shopkeepers and merchants lawyers and banker were also there in towns.4. Population of bigger towns was around thirty thousand.5. These very people residing in to towns formed a fourth order of society.

Ans14. 1. Almost everything was available in the estate which was required for daily life.2. Extensive woodlands and forests were there in the estates where the lords used to hunt.3. A Church had a castle for defense was also there is the estate.4. The estate was not self-dependent. It had to bring salt, mill stores and metalled utensils from outside.5. In many manors a narrow balcony was there above the large hall, where the people of the manor used to gather for meals.

Ans15. There occurred a number of changes is agricultural technology and land use is medieval Europe.1.Europe witnessed a high growth is population.2. Expansion in agriculture provided better food.3. Women and girls had shorter span of life is compared to man because the men used is eat better food.4. With the fall of the Roman Empire, its towns had become deserted and rained.5. From the 11th can, towns began to grow became of expansion of agriculture and growth of population.6. Town like features were developed.7. At other places, towns grow around large castle, Large churches or around bishops estates.

Ans16. 1. In medieval Europe, changes also came in political field as well as is social process.2. In 15th and 16th CE., European kings consolidated their financial and military power.

3.Louis XI in France, Harry VII is England and Isabella and Ferdinand in Spain.4. The Spanish and Portuguese rulers began to play a role is Europe’s expansion overseas.

Ans17. 1. Cultivators started to use heavy iron tipped ploughs and mould boards. It helped in the better utilization of nutrients of soil.2. Change came in the method of harnessing animals to the plough. The shoulder harness came into use instead of the neck-harness.3. Horses were shed with iron horse-shoes. It prevented foot decay.4. Use of wind and water energy for agriculture increased.5. A two field system of lord use changed into a three field system. Each year they used to rotates the use his process.6. Technological changes provided better opportunities to cultivators. Less holdings could be cultivated more efficiently.

Ans18. 1. Changes in climatic condition.2. Intensive Ploughing.3. Shortage of Metal Money.4. Bubonic plague infection.

Consequences1. The epidemic combined with the economic crisis caused

great social dislocation.2. Major Cartage of labour accused with depopulation.3. Serious imbalances were created between agriculture and

manufacture. 4. There were very few buyers available that why prices of

agricultural goods dropped.

5. Wage rate increased because of rise in demand for labors.

Chapter – 6THE THREE ORDER

2 Marks each

FUNDAMENTAL LEVEL

1- *Lkkearokn* fdls dgrs gS \2- Eksuj D;k Fkk \

Intermediate

3- Lkkearokn O;oLFkk ds vanj *fQQs* D;k Fkk \4- ukbV fdl izdkj ,d fHkUu lewg cu x;k vkSj mldk iru

dc gqvk \Advanced

5- dSFksMªy uxj D;k Fks \

6- 15oha vkSj 16oha 'krkCnh esa ;wjksih; jktra= dks ,dra=kRed jktra= D;ksa dgk tkrk Fkk \

4 Marks each FUNDAMENTAL

7- dSFkksfyd ppZ ,d izHkqRo’kkyh laLFkk dSls Fkh \8- Qzkal ds lQZ vkSj jkseu nkl ds chp D;k lekurk,a

Fkh \ Intermediate

9- ykWMZ vkSj ukbV ds chp ds ikjLifjd laca/kks dh O;k[;k djsaA

10- Lkearoknh O;oLFkk ds varxZr fdlkuksa dh D;k fLFkfr Fkh \

Advanced

11- e/;dkyhu Ikf’peh ;wjksi esa izFke oxZ dh D;k fLFkfr Fkh \ dSFkksfyd ppZ dh Hkwfedk dk \

12- e/;;qxhu laLFkk ds :Ik esa 'kgjksa ds fodkl dh ppkZ djsa \

Essay type question 8 marks

FUNDAMENTAL

13- prqFkZ oxZ fdl izdkj vfLrRo esa vk;k \14- Eksuj dh Hkwfe D;k Fkh \ bldh eq[;

fo’ks"krkvksa dk o.kZu djsaA

Intermediate

15- d`f"k ds foLrkj dk e/;;qxhu ;wjksi esa D;k izHkko iM+k \

16- e/;dkyhu ;wjksi esa fdl izdkj izHkqRo 'kkyh u, jkT;ksa dk mn; gqvk \

17- 11oha 'krkCnh eas gq, rduhfd ifjorZu dk mYys[k djsaA

18- 14oha vFkZO;oLFkk esa fxjkoV vkbZ mldk o.kZu djsaA