moodle.queenelizabeth.cumbria.sch.uk€¦ · Web viewThis booklet contains multiple choice questions designed to help you prepare for Paper 1 of your Physics exam, on Wednesday

YEAR 11 PHYSICS EXAMSCOMBINED SCIENCES

PAPER 1

REVISION AND PRACTICEAQA (9-1) GCSE PHYSICS PRACTICE

This booklet contains multiple choice questions designed to help you prepare for Paper 1 of your Physics exam, on Wednesday 23rd May 2018. Don’t forget, you have already built a sizable resource with your booklet work / books, and a good place to start is by looking at anything that has gone unfinished in those.

In this booklet: Equation list to remember Online Resources Guide Revision list for Paper 1 Questions and worksheets related to what you will be tested on. The

questions rise in difficulty within each topic. The topics that are covered in Paper 1:

Topic 1 – Energy Topic 2 – Electricity Topic 3 – Particle model of matter Topic 4 – Atomic structure

Resources on the Internet:

BBC Bitesize

EzyScience

Moodle and Quizlet

BBC have put together an entire range of resources based specifically on the AQA 9-1 GCSE Curriculum. You can find it by either going to the Bitesize homepage and going Bitesize GCSE Science Combined Science AQA Trilogy or by typing in the URL directly from this: https://www.bbc.com/education/examspecs/z8r997h

As you probably already know, EzyScience is a website with interactive tests on every topic, with videos to help you go over gaps in your knowledge. Just go to https://www.ezyeducation.co.uk/ezyscience.html and log in with the account we have given you. If you need help using the website, speak to your teacher.

On Moodle, we have uploaded a thorough revision list for every single topic you have done and will need to know. As well as that, we will have placed useful video files from youtube, as well as links to other websites such as Quizlet, which you are probably familiar with already.

Revision List for Paper 1

Com

plet

ed

Prac

ticed

Mas

tere

dScientific contentTitle Topic Sub-topic

4.1 Energy

4.1.1 Energy changes in a system, and the ways energy is stored before

and after such changes

4.1.1.1 Energy stores and systems4.1.1.2 Changes in energy4.1.1.3 Energy changes in systems4.1.1.3 Required practical 1: Specific heat capacity4.1.1.4 Power

4.1.2 Conservation and dissipation of energy

4.1.2.1 Energy transfers in a system4.1.2.2 Efficiency

4.1.3 National and global energy 4.1.3.1 National and global energy resources

4.2 Electricity

4.2.1 Current, potential difference and resistance

4.2.1.1 Standard circuit diagram symbols4.2.1.2 Electrical charge and current4.2.1.3 Current, resistance and potential difference4.2.1.3 Required practical 3: Resistance4.2.1.4 Resistors4.2.1.4 Required practical 4: I-V characteristics

4.2.2 Series and parallel circuits 4.2.2.1 Series and parallel circuits

4.2.3 Domestic uses and safety4.2.3.1 Direct and alternating potential difference4.2.3.2 Mains electricity

4.2.4 Energy transfers4.2.4.1 Power4.2.4.2 Energy transfers in everyday appliances4.2.4.3 The National Grid

4.3 Particle model of matter

4.3.1 Changes of state and the particle model

4.3.1.1 Density of materials4.3.1.1 Required practical 5: Density4.3.1.2 Changes of state

4.3.2 Internal energy and energy transfers

4.3.2.1 Internal energy4.3.2.2 Temperature changes in a system and specific heat capacity4.3.2.3 Changes of heat and specific latent heat

4.3.3 Particle model and pressure 4.3.3.1 Particle motion in gases

4.4.1 Atoms and isotopes 4.4.1.1 The structure of an atom

4.4 Atomic structure

4.4.1.2 Mass number, atomic number and isotopes4.4.1.3 The development of the model of the atom (common content with chemistry)

4.4.2 Atoms and nuclear radiation

4.4.2.1 Radioactive decay and nuclear radiation4.4.2.2 Nuclear equations4.4.2.3 Half-lives and the random nature of radioactive decay4.4.2.4 Radioactive contamination

AQA PHYSICS EQUATION LIST Below are all of the equations you will be expected to REMEMBER for your exam. The only equation that is higher tier only is highlighted.

Word Equation Symbol Equation

Weight = mass x gravitational field strength (g) W = m gWork Done = force x distance W = F sForce (on a spring) = spring constant x extension F = k eDistance = speed x time s = v tAcceleration = change∈velocitytimetaken a = ΔvtForce = mass x acceleration F = m aMomentum =mass x velocity ρ = m vKinetic energy = 0.5 x mass x speed2 Ek = 12 m v2

Gravitational Potential Energy = mass x gravitational field strength x height Ep = m g h

Power = energy transferredtime taken P = EtPower = work donetimetaken P = WtEfficiency = usefulenergy outtotal energy∈¿¿

Efficiency = total power outtotal power∈¿¿

Wave speed = frequency x wavelength v = f λCharge flow = current x time Q = I tPotential difference = current x resistance V = I RPower = potential difference x current P = V IPower = current2 x resistance P = I2 REnergy transferred = Power x time E = P tEnergy transferred = charge flow x potential difference E =Q V

Density = massvolume ρ = mv

Q1. The pictures show six different household appliances.

(a) Four of the appliances, including the fan heater, are designed to transform electrical energy into heat.

Name the other three appliances designed to transform electrical energy into heat.

1. _________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________(3)

(b) Complete the following sentence using one of the words from the box.

chemical heat kinetic sound

Energy that is not usefully transformed by the fan heater is wasted as

_________________________ energy.(1)

(c) The table gives information about two different fan heaters.

Useful energy

transferred eachsecond in joules

Wasted energytransferred eachsecond in joules

Fan heater L 1200 10

Fan heater M 1200 20

Complete the following sentence by drawing a ring around the line in the box that is correct.

Fan heater Lis more efficient than

has the same efficiency as

is less efficient than

fan heater M.

(1)(Total 5 marks)

Q2. The figure below shows a car with an electric motor.

The car is moving along a flat road.

(a) (i) Use the correct answers from the box to complete each sentence.

light electrical kinetic potential sound

The car’s motor transfers _______________________ energy

into useful _______________________ energy as the car moves.

Some energy is wasted as _______________________ energy.(3)

(ii) What happens to the wasted energy?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(b) The electric motor has an input energy of 50 000 joules each second.

The motor transfers 35 000 joules of useful energy each second.

Calculate the efficiency of the electric motor.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Efficiency = ________________________________(2)

(Total 6 marks)

Q3. (a) A student investigated how the number of blades on a wind turbine affects the output voltage of the turbine.

The student used the apparatus shown in the diagram.

The fan was used to turn the wind turbine.

(i) The fan was always the same distance from the wind turbine.

Why?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii) After switching the fan on, the student waited 20 seconds before taking the voltmeter reading.

Suggest why.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(iii) The student changed the number of blades on the wind turbine.

The student’s results are shown in the scatter graph.

Number of blades

What conclusion can be made from the results in the scatter graph?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

(b) The amount of electricity generated using wind turbines is increasing.

Which graph, A, B or C, is most likely to show the electrical power output from a wind turbine over one day?

TimeTimeTime

Write the correct answer, A, B or C, in the box.

Give a reason for your answer.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(Total 6 marks)

Q4. The diagram shows how electricity gets from power stations to consumers.

(a) Complete the following sentences by drawing a ring around the correct line in each box.

(i) The network of cables and transformers linking power stations to consumers

is called the national

grid

line

network

(1)

(ii)

A step-up transformer

decreases voltage

increases current

increases voltage

(1)

(iii)

Electricity is supplied to consumers’ homes at

230 V

25 000 V

400 000 V

(1)

(iv)

Making the current in the cables smaller will

increase

make no difference to

reduce

the energy lost in the cables.(1)

(b) Transformers always waste some energy.

(i) What effect does the waste energy from a transformer have on the air around the transformer?

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii) Which one of the following describes the efficiency of a transformer?

Draw a ring around your answer.

always 100 % less than 100 % more than 100%(1)

(Total 6 marks)

Q5. Three energy sources used to generate electricity are given in List A.Statements about the energy sources used to generate electricity are given in List B.

Draw one line from each energy source in List A to the statement about the energy source in List B.

List AEnergy source List B

Statement about energy source

Uses energy from falling water

Geothermal

Uses energy from inside the Earth

Hydroelectric

Is unpredictable

Nuclear

Produces dangerous waste

(Total 3 marks)

Q6. The appliances shown below transfer electrical energy to other types of energy.

(a) The vacuum cleaner is designed to transfer electrical energy to kinetic energy.

Three more of the appliances are also designed to transfer electrical energy to kinetic energy. Which three?

Draw a ring around each correct appliance.3

(b) Which two of the following statements are true?

Tick ( ) two boxes.

Appliances only transfer part of the energy usefully.

The energy transferred by appliances will be destroyed.

The energy transferred by appliances makes the surroundings warmer.

The energy output from an appliance is bigger than the energy input.

(2)(Total 5 marks)

Q7. (a) The pie chart shows the energy sources used by one company to generate electricity.

(i) Which two energy sources used by the company do not produce any polluting gases?

_____________________________ and _____________________________(1)

(ii) Calculate the percentage (%) of electricity that is generated using energy sources that do not produce any polluting gases.

Percentage = _______________________(1)

(b) Which graph, A, B or C, is most likely to show the electrical power output from a wind turbine over one day?

Write your answer, A, B or C, in the box.

Graph A Graph B Graph C

Graph (1)

(c) The government has said that more electricity must be generated from renewable energy sources. A newspaper reported that:

Why is the statement in the newspaper incorrect?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(Total 4 marks)

Q8. The diagram shows the National Grid system.

(a) The National Grid includes step-up transformers.

Explain why.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

(2)

(b) In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.

Over the next 10 years, more than 300 kilometres of new high voltage transmission cables are to be added to the National Grid. Most of the new cables will be suspended from pylons and run overhead while the rest will be buried underground.

Outline the advantages and disadvantages of both overhead transmission cables and underground transmission cables.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(6)

(c) When an electric current flows through a transmission cable, a magnetic field is produced.

The graph shows how the strength of the magnetic field varies with distance from both overhead and underground transmission cables that carry the same current.

What conclusions may be drawn from this graph?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(d) Some people think that, because of the magnetic fields, living close to transmission cables is dangerous to health. Laboratory studies on mice and rats exposed to magnetic fields for two or more years found that the magnetic fields had no effect on the animals’ health.

Draw a ring around the correct answer in the box to complete the sentence.

economic

Using animals in scientific research raises environmental issues.

ethical

(1)(Total 11 marks)

Q9. (a) By 2023, nearly all of the existing nuclear power stations in the UK will be closed down.

(i) Before a nuclear power station can be demolished, the remaining nuclear fuel,

radioactive waste materials and reactor must be carefully removed.

What is this process called?

Put a tick ( ) in the box next to your answer.

decommissioning

decontaminating

dismantling

(1)

(ii) The workers are exposed to radiation as they remove the reactor. One of the biggest risks is from the isotope cobalt-60, which has a half-life of 5.3 years.

Explain the advantage of waiting 11 years after a nuclear power station has closed down before starting to remove the reactor.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

(b) It is almost certain that new nuclear power stations will be built in the UK.

The table shows the results of surveys asking people in the UK whether they were in favour of, or against, the building of new nuclear power stations.

2001 2005 2007

Percentage (%) in favour 20 41 65

Percentage (%) against 60 28 20

Percentage (%) not sure 20 31 15

(i) From these surveys, how did public opinion on the building of new nuclear power stations change between 2001 and 2007?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii) Suggest a reason why some people may think that the results from these surveys are unreliable.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(iii) Give one reason in favour of building new nuclear power stations.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(c) The government of one Middle Eastern country has decided to build its first nuclear power station. The oil that would have been used to generate electricity can then be sold to other countries.

On what is this decision based?


economic issues

ethical issues

social issues

(1)(Total 7 marks)

Q10. (a) Electricity is distributed from power stations to consumers along the National Grid.

(i) Transformers are part of the National Grid. Transformers are efficient devices. What is meant by a device being efficient?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii) When electricity flows through a cable, some energy is transformed into heat.

Explain how the National Grid system reduces the amount of energy lost as heat.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

(b) Read this information taken from a recent newspaper article.

• Researchers have found that children living close to overhead power cables are more likely to develop leukaemia.

• The researchers studied two groups of children. One group had developed leukaemia, the other group was healthy.

• Although the researchers found a link, they are unable to explain why it happened. They say that the results may have happened by chance.

• Other factors that have not been investigated, such as the environment, the geographical area or the children’s genes, could be important.

• A cancer research charity said that childhood leukaemia was most likely to be caused by factors that parents were unable to control.

(i) Why did the researchers study a group of healthy children?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii) The information does not say how many children were studied.

Why should this data have been included in the article?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(iii) The researchers could not be certain that the overhead power cables were responsible for the increased chance of children developing leukaemia.

Explain why.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

(iv) The results of the research carried out by scientists may worry some people.

What do you think scientists should do?

Put a tick ( ) in the box next to your choice.

Scientists should publish their research findings straight

away.

Scientists should not publish their research findings until they have found out as many facts as possible.

Give a reason for your choice.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(Total 8 marks)

Q1. We use mains electricity in our homes.

(a) What is the frequency of the UK mains electricity supply?

Tick one box.

23 Hz

50 Hz

230 Hz

500 Hz

(1)

(b) Many appliances in the home use three-core electrical cable.

Look at the figure below.

Label the wires in the cable in the figure above.

Use words from the box.

Earth Negative Neutral Positive

(2)

(c) The sentences explain how touching the live wire in a cable can cause an electric shock.

Complete the sentences.

Use words from the box.

current force resistance potential difference

Touching the live wire causes a large _____________________ to exist across the body.

This causes a _________________ through the body, which results in an electric shock.(2)

(d) A heater has a power rating of 2500 W.

The heater is turned on for 180 seconds.

Calculate the energy transferred by the heater.

Use the equation:

energy transferred = power × time

Give your answer in kilojoules (kJ).

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Energy transferred = _________________ kJ(3)

(e) Write down the equation that links charge flow, energy transferred and potential difference.

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(f) The mains electricity supply is at 230 V.

A different heater transfers 4200 J of energy.

Calculate the charge flow through the heater.

___________________________________________________________________

Charge flow = _________________ C(3)

(Total 12 marks)

Q2. (a) Draw one line from each circuit symbol to its correct name.

Circuit symbol Name

Diode

Light-dependentresistor (LDR)

Lamp

Light-emitting

diode (LED)

(3)

(b) Figure 1 shows three circuits.

The resistors in the circuits are identical.

Each of the cells has a potential difference of 1.5 volts.

Figure 1

Circuit 1 Circuit 2 Circuit 3

(i) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.

half twice the same as

The resistance of circuit 1 is _________________ the resistance of circuit 3.(1)

(ii) Calculate the reading on voltmeter V2.

______________________________________________________________

Voltmeter reading V2 = _______________ V(1)

(iii) Which voltmeter, V1, V2 or V3, will give the lowest reading?

Draw a ring around the correct answer.

V1 V2 V3

(1)

(c) A student wanted to find out how the number of resistors affects the current in a series circuit.

Figure 2 shows the circuit used by the student.

Figure 2

The student started with one resistor and then added more identical resistors to the circuit.

Each time a resistor was added, the student closed the switch and took the ammeter reading.

The student used a total of 4 resistors.

Figure 3 shows three of the results obtained by the student.

Figure 3

Number of resistors in series

(i) To get valid results, the student kept one variable the same throughout the experiment.

Which variable did the student keep the same?

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii) The bar chart in Figure 3 is not complete. The result using 4 resistors is not shown.

Complete the bar chart to show the current in the circuit when 4 resistors were used.

(2)

(iii) What conclusion should the student make from the bar chart?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

(1)(Total 10 marks)

Q3. (a) Electrical circuits often contain resistors.

The diagram shows two resistors joined in series.

Calculate the total resistance of the two resistors.

___________________________________________________________________

Total resistance = _________________________ Ω(1)

(b) A circuit was set up as shown in the diagram. The three resistors are identical.

(i) Calculate the reading on the voltmeter.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Reading on voltmeter = _________________________ V(2)

(ii) The same circuit has now been set up with two ammeters.

Draw a ring around the correct answer in the box to complete the sentence.

smaller than

The reading on ammeter A2 will be equal to the reading on ammeter A1.

greater than

(1)(Total 4 marks)

Q4. (a) The diagram shows the inside of an incorrectly wired three-pin plug.

(i) What two changes need to be made so that the plug is wired correctly?

1. ____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

(ii) The fuse inside a plug is a safety device.

Explain what happens when too much current passes through a fuse.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

(b) Each of these pictures shows an electrical appliance being used in a bathroom.

Using the hairdryer in picture A is dangerous. However, it is safe to use the battery-

operated radio in picture B.

Explain why.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(Total 6 marks)

Q5. (a) The diagram shows the traces produced on an oscilloscope when it is connected across different electricity supplies.

Which of the traces could have been produced by the mains electricity supply?

___________________________________________________________________


___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(b) The picture shows two adaptors being used to plug five electrical appliances into the same socket.

Explain why it is dangerous to have all five appliances switched on and working at the same time.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________ (2)

(Total 4 marks)

Q6. A student used the apparatus below to find out how the resistance of a light-dependent resistor (LDR) depends on light intensity.

The resistance of the LDR was measured directly using a multimeter.

(a) (i) Which one of the following is the correct circuit symbol for a LDR?


(1)

(ii) Name one factor that will affect the intensity of the light hitting the LDR.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(b) The manufacturer of the LDR provides data for the LDR in the form of a graph.

Describe how the resistance of the LDR changes when the light intensity increases from 100 lux to 300 lux.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(c) The student only obtained three results. These are given in the table.

Light intensity Resistance in kilohms

Dark 750

Bright 100

Very bright 1

(i) The student could not use the results to draw a line graph.Why not?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii) Do the student’s results agree with the data the manufacturer provided?

Draw a ring around your answer. YES NO


______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(d) Which one of the following circuits probably includes a LDR?

Tick ( ) one box.

A circuit that automatically switches outside lights on when it gets dark.

A circuit that automatically switches central heating on and off.

A circuit that automatically turns lights off when no one is in the room.

(1)(Total 7 marks)

Q7. (a) The lamps in the circuits drawn below are all identical.Each of the cells has a potential difference of 1.5 volts.

(i) What is the potential difference across the 3 cells that are joined in series?

______________________________________________________________

Potential difference = _________________________ V(1)

(ii) What will be the reading on the voltmeter labelled V3?

Voltmeter reading V3 = _________________________ V(1)

(iii) Which voltmeter, V1, V2 or V3, will give the highest reading?


V1 V2 V3

(1)

(b) The diagram below shows a simple circuit.

(i) Calculate the total resistance of the two resistors in the circuit.

______________________________________________________________

Total resistance = _________________________ Ω(1)

(ii) Use the equation in the box to calculate the reading on the voltmeter.

potential difference = current × resistance

Show clearly how you work out your answer.

______________________________________________________________

Voltmeter reading = _________________________ V(2)

(iii) The current through a resistor at constant temperature changes when the potential difference across the resistor changes.

Which one of the graphs, X, Y or Z, shows how the current changes?

Write your answer, X, Y or Z, in the box.

X

Y

Z

Graph (1)

(Total 7 marks)

Q8. A student finds some information about energy-saving light bulbs.

(a) A 30W light bulb uses 600J of electrical energy in a certain period of time. In that time, it

produces 450 J of light energy. The rest of the energy is wasted.

(i) Calculate the energy wasted by the light bulb in this period of time.

______________________________________________________________

Wasted energy = _________________ J(1)

(ii) What happens to the energy wasted by the light bulb?

______________________________________________________________(1)

(iii) Calculate the efficiency of this light bulb.

______________________________________________________________

Efficiency = ______________________________(2)

(iv) Calculate the period of time, in seconds, during which the 600 J is provided to the 30 W light bulb.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Time = _____________ s(2)

(b) A company that makes light bulbs provides information about some of their products.

The table shows some of this information.

Power in watts Lifetime in hours Cost of bulb in £

Filament bulb 60 1250 2.00

LED bulb 12 50 000 16.00

(i) Suggest why it is important to confirm this information independently.

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii) A homeowner is thinking about replacing his filament bulbs with LED bulbs.

A 12 W LED bulb gives the same light output as a 60 W filament bulb.

Suggest reasons why the homeowner is likely to choose LED bulbs.

Use the information given in the table.

______________________________________________________________(2)

(iii) State one factor, other than efficiency, that is important when considering the choice of a bulb for lighting in the home.

______________________________________________________________(1)

(Total 10 marks)

Q9. Diagram 1 shows a hairdryer.Diagram 2 shows how the heaters and fan of the hairdryer are connected to a 3-pin plug.The hairdryer does not have an earth wire.

(a) What colour is the insulation around the wire connected to the live pin inside the plug?

______________________________(1)

(b) Why does the hairdryer not need an earth wire?

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(c) All the switches are shown in the OFF position.

(i) Which switch or switches have to be ON to make:

(1) only the fan work; ____________________________________________

(2) heater 2 work? ______________________________________________(2)

(ii) The heaters can only be switched on when the fan is also switched on.

Explain why.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

(2)

(d) The table shows the current drawn from the 230 volt mains electricity supply when different parts of the hairdryer are switched on.

Current in amps

Fan only 1.0

Fan and heater 1 4.4

Fan and both heaters 6.5

Calculate the maximum power of the hairdryer.

Show clearly how you work out your answer and give the unit.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Maximum power = ______________________________(3)

(Total 9 marks)

Q1. (a) The diagrams, X, Y and Z, show how the particles are arranged in the three states of matter.

(i) Which one of the diagrams, X, Y or Z, shows the arrangement of particles in a liquid?

Write the correct answer in the box. (1)

(ii) Which one of the diagrams, X, Y or Z, shows the arrangement of particles in a gas?

Write the correct answer in the box. (1)

(b) Draw a ring around the correct answer in each box to complete each sentence.

vibrating in fixed positions.

(i) In a gas, the particles are moving randomly.

not moving.

(1)

stronger than

(ii) In a solid, the forces between the particles are equal to the

weaker than

forces between the particles in a liquid.(1)

(c) The picture shows a puddle of water in a road, after a rain shower.

(i) During the day, the puddle of water dries up and disappears. This happens because the water particles move from the puddle into the air.

What process causes water particles to move from the puddle into the air?


condensation evaporation radiation

(1)

(ii) Describe one change in the weather which would cause the puddle of water to dry up faster.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(Total 6 marks)

Q2. The diagram shows where heat is lost from a house that is not insulated.

(a) (i) Through which part of the house is most heat lost?

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii) How can the heat loss through the windows be reduced?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(b) A homeowner wants to reduce her energy bills and make her home more energy efficient. The table shows five ways this could be done. The table also shows how much money each way would save the homeowner each year.

Cost Money savedeach year

Installing loft insulation £175 £60

Fitting draught-proofing £45 £20

Installing cavity wall insulation £300 £80

Adding a hot water tank jacket £15 £20

Using energy efficient light bulbs £60 £30

(i) Which one of the five ways of reducing energy bills would reduce the yearly energy bill the most?

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii) This year the homeowner has only got £60 to spend to improve the energy efficiency of her home.

Use the information in the table to explain what the homeowner should spend this money on.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

(Total 5 marks)

Q3. The drawing shows a section of a vacuum flask.

(a) Heat is slowly “lost” from the hot liquid in the closed flask. It may be transferred by:

conduction convention evaporation radiation

Choose from the words above to complete the following sentences. You may use a word once, more than once or not at all.

(i) The vacuum between the glass walls reduces

_____________________________ and _____________________________(2)

(ii) The silvered surfaces of the glass walls reduce

______________________________________________________________(1)

(iii) The stopper in the opening of the flask reduces

_____________________________ and _____________________________(2)

(iv) Heat is transferred by the air molecules, away from the vacuum flask, by

______________________________________________________________(1)

(v) The plastic of the plastic stopper is preferred to metal because it cuts down

______________________________________________________________(1)

(b) Mark X on the diagram of the vacuum flask where the liquid in the flask is hottest.(1)

(c) Explain, in terms of particles, how heat is conducted through a glass wall of the vacuum flask.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(Total 10 marks)

Q4. A student shakes a tube containing small balls to model the movement of particles in a gas.

(a) Why is this a good model for the movement of particles in a gas?

Tick ( ) two boxes.

The balls move slowly.

The balls are far apart from each other.

The balls are different colours.

The balls move randomly.

(2)

(b) For a given material, in which state of matter:

are the particles in a regular arrangement?

___________________________________________________________________

do the particles have the most kinetic energy?

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(Total 4 marks)

Q5. (a) The figure below shows a fridge with a freezer compartment.

The temperature of the air inside the freezer compartment is –5 °C.

Use the correct answer from the box to complete each sentence.

Each answer may be used once, more than once or not at all.

decreased unchanged increased

When the air near the freezer compartment is cooled, the energy of the

air particles is _______________________ .

The spaces between the air particles are _______________________ .

The density of the air is _______________________ .(3)

(b) The table below shows some information about three fridges, A, B and C.

The efficiency of each fridge is the same.

Fridge Volume in litres Energy used in one year in kWh

A 232 292

B 382 409

C 622 524

(i) Which fridge, A, B or C, would cost the least to use for 1 year?

Give one reason for your answer.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

(ii) A householder looks at the data in the table above.

What should she conclude about the pattern linking the volume of the fridge and the energy it uses in one year?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(iii) The householder could not be certain that her conclusion is correct for all fridges.

Suggest one reason why not.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(Total 7 marks)

Q6. The diagram shows a side view of a double-glazed window.

(a) Use each of the terms in the box to explain how heat is lost from inside a house through the window.

conduction convection radiation

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(3)

(b) Besides heat, state one other form of energy that passes through double-glazed windows.

___________________________________________________________________ (1)

(c) Explain why plastic foam cavity wall insulation cuts down energy transfer between warm inner walls and cooler outer walls.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(d) When it rains the walls and windows of a house get wet.

Explain how the drying process can increase the cooling of the house.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(Total 8 marks)

Q7. The figure below shows a simple model of the three states of matter.

(a) What is the correct equation to work out the density of a material?

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(b) A student explains density to his teacher using the particle model in the figure above.

His teacher says there are limitations to the model.

Give two limitations of the particle model in the figure above.

1. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(c) When the gas in a container with a fixed volume is heated, the pressure increases as the temperature increases.

Explain why the pressure increases.

Use the model in the figure above to help you.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(4)

(Total 7 marks)

Q1. (a) The figure below shows a helium atom.

(i) Which one of the particles in the atom is not charged?


electron neutron proton(1)

(ii) Which two types of particle in the atom have the same mass?

__________________________ and __________________________(1)

(iii) What is the atomic number of a helium atom?


2 4 6


______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

(b) Alpha particles are one type of nuclear radiation.

(i) Name one other type of nuclear radiation.

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.

electrons neutrons protons

The difference between an alpha particle and a helium atom is that the alpha

particle does not have any _________________________ .(1)

(iii) Which one of the following is a property of alpha particles?

Tick (✓) one box.

Have a long range in air

Are highly ionising

Will pass through metals

(1)

(c) Doctors may use nuclear radiation to treat certain types of illness.

Treating an illness with radiation may also harm a patient.

(i) Complete the following sentence.

The risk from treating a patient with radiation is that the radiation may

_________________________ healthy body cells.(1)

(ii) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

Radiation may be used to treat a patient if the risk from the

radiation is

much bigger than

about the same as

much smaller than

the possible benefit of having

the treatment.(1)

(Total 9 marks)

Q2. The figure below is a diagram of an alpha particle and a helium atom.

(a) What is the approximate size of a helium atom?

Tick one box.

1 × 10–5 m

1 × 10–10 m

1 × 10–15 m

1 × 10–20 m

(1)

(b) A helium atom is much larger than an alpha particle.

Give one other difference between a helium atom and an alpha particle.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(c) What is the atomic number of the helium atom in the figure above?

Tick one box.

2

4

6

8

(1)

(d) What is the charge on the helium atom in the figure above?

Explain your answer.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(3)

(e) Helium is a gas that occurs naturally.

There is very little helium on Earth.

Helium has important uses in medicine and is also used to inflate party balloons.

Some scientists believe that helium should not be used to inflate party balloons.

Why?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(Total 8 marks)

Q3. Certain types of atom emit alpha, beta or gamma radiation. The radiation is emitted from the centre of the atom.

(a) What name is given to the centre of an atom?

_________________________________(1)

(b) The sign below is used to warn people that a radiation source is being used in a laboratory.

Why is it important to warn people that a radiation source is being used?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(c) Before using a radiation source, a teacher asked her class whether there was any way that she could reduce the amount of radiation that the source emitted. Three students each gave an answer to the teacher.

A B C

Which one of the students, A, B or C, is correct?

Write your answer in the box.

(1)

(d) The diagram shows the apparatus used by the teacher to demonstrate how one type of radiation is able to pass through lead.

One lead sheet, 2 mm thick, was placed between the source and the detector and a count rate was taken. Extra lead sheets were added. For each extra lead sheet, a new count rate was taken and recorded in the table.

Number of leadsheets

Count rate in countsper minute

1 226

2 220

3 210

4 190

5 185

Which type of radiation was the source emitting: alpha, beta or gamma?

___________________________________________________________________

Give the reason for your answer.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(e) The diagram shows how a company detects any boxes left empty by an automatic filler.

When an empty box passes between the beta source and the detector, a buzzer sounds. A worker then removes the box from the conveyor belt.

(i) Why would this system not work if an alpha source were used instead of the beta source?

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii) The chart shows how the detector reading changes as boxes pass along the conveyor belt.

Which part of the chart, K, L, M or N, shows that an empty box is passing between the beta source and the detector?

_________________________________


______________________________________________________________(2)

(Total 8 marks)

Q4. (a) The diagram represents a helium atom.

(i) Which part of the atom, K, L, M or N, is an electron?

Part (1)

(ii) Which part of the atom, K, L, M or N, is the same as an alpha particle?

Part (1)

(b) A radioactive source emits alpha particles.

What might this source be used for?


to monitor the thickness of aluminium foil as it is made in a factory

to make a smoke detector work

to inject into a person as a medical tracer

(1)

(c) The graph shows how the count rate from a source of alpha radiation changes with time.

What is the count rate after 4 hours?

_______________________ counts per second(1)

(Total 4 marks)

Q5. Some rocks inside the Earth contain a radioactive element, uranium-238. When an atom of uranium-238 decays, it gives out an alpha particle.

(a) The following statement about alpha particles was written by a student.The statement is not correct.

Change one word in the statement to make it correct.

Write down your new statement.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(b) The graph shows how the count rate from a sample of uranium-238 changes with time.

The graph can be used to find the half-life of uranium-238. The half-life is 4 500 million years.

(i) Draw on the graph to show how it can be used to find the half-life of uranium -238.(1)

(ii) There is now half as much uranium-238 in the rocks as there was when the Earth was formed.

How old is the Earth?


2250 million years 4500 million years 9000 million years

(1)

(iii) If a sample of uranium-238 were available, it would not be possible to measure the half-life in a school experiment.

Explain why.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

(Total 5 marks)

Q6. The detector and counter are used in an experiment to show that a radioactive source gives out alpha and beta radiation only.

Two different types of absorber are placed one at a time between the detector and the source. For each absorber, a count is taken over ten minutes and the average number of counts per second worked out. The results are shown in the table.

Absorber used Average counts per second

No absorber 33

Card 1 mm thick 20

Metal 3 mm thick 2

Explain how these results show that alpha and beta radiation is being given out, but gamma radiation is not being given out.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________(Total 3 marks)

Q7. (a) Atoms are made up of three types of particle called protons, neutrons and electrons.Complete the table below to show the relative mass and charge of a neutron and an electron. The relative mass and charge of a proton has already been done for you.

PARTICLE RELATIVE MASS RELATIVE CHARGE

proton 1 +1

neutron

electron

(2)

(b) The diagram below shows the paths of two alpha particles A and B, into and out of a thin piece of metal foil.

The paths of the alpha particles depend on the forces on them in the metal.Describe the model of the atom which is used to explain the paths of alpha particles aimed at thin sheets of metal foil.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(3)

(Total 5 marks)

Q8. (a) The graph shows how the count rate from a sample containing the radioactive substance cobalt-60 changes with time.

(i) What is the range of the count rate shown on the graph?

From __________ counts per second to __________ counts per second.(1)

(ii) How many years does it take for the count rate to fall from 200 counts per second to 100 counts per second?

Time = _________________________ years(1)

(iii) What is the half-life of cobalt-60?

Half-life = _________________________ years(1)

(b) The gamma radiation emitted from a source of cobalt-60 can be used to kill the bacteria on fresh, cooked and frozen foods. Killing the bacteria reduces the risk of food poisoning.

The diagram shows how a conveyor belt can be used to move food past a cobalt-60 source.

(i) Which one of the following gives a way of increasing the amount of gamma radiation the food receives?


Increase the temperature of the cobalt-60 source.

Make the conveyor belt move more slowly.

Move the cobalt-60 source away from the conveyor belt.

(1)

(ii) To protect people from the harmful effects of the gamma radiation, the cobalt-60 source has thick metal shielding.

Which one of the following metals should be used?


aluminium copper lead

(1)

(c) A scientist has compared the vitamin content of food exposed to gamma radiation with food that has not been exposed.

The table gives the data the scientist obtained when she tested 1 kg of cooked chicken.

VitaminFood not exposed

to gamma radiationFood exposed togamma radiation

Mass in milligrams Mass in milligrams

B6 1.22 1.35

B12 21.00 28.00

E 3.30 2.15

Niacin 58.00 55.50

Riboflavin 2.10 2.25

Considering only this data, which one of the following is a correct conclusion?


Vitamin content is not affected by gamma radiation.

Gamma radiation completely destroys some types of vitamin.

Exposure increased the content of some types of vitamin.

(1)(Total 6 marks)

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moodle.queenelizabeth.cumbria.sch.uk€¦ · Web viewThis booklet contains multiple choice questions designed to help you prepare for Paper 1 of your Physics exam, on Wednesday