ESPAÑOL III h

Realidades-

Capitulo 7B

El 6 de mayo 2016!

HOME JOURNALWhat is the Home Journal ?

HOME JOURNAL:

Every night -at least five (5) minutes

(0r more …..if needed) to create you own lesson using the :

Lesson of the day in class as your guide (grammar verbs….)

Must be professional, clean and neat. Easy to read

Easy to learn from

No drawings or marks….. clean neat profesional!!!!!!!

HOME

Not due this FridayWil be collected laterDate will post soon

TAREA

http://mariasakoulas.com/espanol/?page_id=394

¡¡¡Estudien Uds.!!! Capitulo 7B

la parrilla

El ArteCarmen Lomas Garza

Realidades 2 P. 372

Carmen Lomas Garza was born in Kingsville, Texas, in 1948. Inspired by her parent’s activism with the American G.I. Forum, Lomas Garza joined the Chicano Movement of the 1960s and 1970s. She is a graduate of the Texas Arts & Industry University, Juarez-Lincoln/Antioch Graduate School, and San Francisco

State University where she earned her M.A. in 1981. Lomas Garza is a recipient of numerous awards and has exhibited her work in galleries and museums across the United States.

la comida picante

•

1/17

Lección de hoy vienes, el 6 de mayo 2016

1. las obrasPresentación de las obras

fechatiempovocabulariogramáticaverbos

Repaso del examen de Capitulo 7A

midterm

Mandatos repaso de los mandatos formales

Affirmative and negative commands FORMAL and INFORMAL

Tu’ and Ud./Uds.

Repaso de En Busca de la verdad 6B

En Busca de la verdad 7A y 7B

Vocabulario de Episodio 9

Palabras de comprender

Certificado de nacimiento

tarjeta de estudiante

puede que

heredero

Estoy a cargo del casa

VOCABOLARIO 7B

Al Aire libre

Hacer una parrillada

el fosforo

la piedra

la carne de res

la carne de res

a la parrilla

A La Parrilla

El pollo asado

el pollo asado

asar

la mostaza

el durazno

el aguacate

cerezas

mayonesa

UNA CESTA

las nubes

el cielo

http://www.muyinteresante.es/salud/articulo/dar-largas-caminatas-es-bueno-para-la-memoria

la fogata

la leña

La hormiga

la mosca

SENDERO

Acompañar

Fuera de

El Taco

The TACOThe origins of the taco are not precisely known, and etymologies for the culinary usage of the word are theoretical.[1] According to the Real Academia Española, publisher of Diccionario de la Lengua Española, the word taco describes a typical Mexican dish of a maize tortilla folded around food ("Tortilla de maíz enrollada con algún alimento dentro, típica de México").[2] This meaning of the Spanish word "taco" is a Mexican innovation, but in other dialects "taco" is used to mean "wedge; wad, plug; billiard cue; blowpipe; ramrod; short, stocky person; short, thick piece of wood." As used in this non-culinary way, the word "taco" has cognates in other European languages, including the French word "tache" and the English word "tack (nail).

According to one etymological theory, the culinary meaning of "taco" derives from its "plug" meaning as employed among Mexican silver miners, who used explosive charges in plug form consisting of a paper wrapper and gunpowder filling. However, indigenous origins for the culinary word "taco" are also proposed. One possibility is that the word derives from the Nahuatl word "tlahco", meaning "half" or "in the middle, "in the sense that food would be placed in the middle of a tortilla.[ Also, the Náhuatl word for the corn tortilla (an indigenous Pre-Columbian invention) is "tlaxcalli".

History of the TACO

The taco predates the arrival of Europeans in Mexico. There is anthropological evidence that the indigenous people living in the lake region of the Valley of Mexico traditionally ate tacos filled with small fish. Writing at the time of the Spanish conquistadors, Bernal Díaz del Castillo documented the first taco feast enjoyed by Europeans, a meal which Hernán Cortés arranged for his captains in Coyoacán. If one accepts the theory that the culinary word "taco" derives from its non-culinary usage in

Continental Spanish as opposed to indigenous etymological theories, it is not clear why the Spanish would have used a word in their own language to describe this indigenous food.Traditional tacosThere are many traditional varieties of tacos:

Tacos al pastor made with adobada meat.

• Tacos Al pastor/De Adobada ("shepherd style") are made of thin pork steaks seasoned with adobo seasoning, then skewered and overlapped on one another on a vertical rotisserie cooked and flame-broiled as it spins.

• Tacos de Asador ("spit" or "grill" tacos) may be composed of any of the following: carne asada

tacos; tacos de tripita ("tripe tacos"), grilled until crisp; and, chorizo asado (traditional Spanish style sausage).

• Each type is served on two overlapped small tortillas and sometimes garnished with guacamole, salsa, onions, and cilantro (coriander). Also prepared on the grill is a sandwiched taco called mulita ("little mule") made with meat served between two tortillas and garnished with Oaxaca style cheese. "Mulita" is used to describe these types of sandwiched tacos in the Northern States of Mexico, while they are known as Gringa in the Mexican south and are prepared using wheat flour tortillas. Tacos may also be served with salsa.

• Tacos de Cabeza or head tacos, in which there is a flat punctured metal plate from which steam emerges to cook the head of the cow. These include: Cabeza, a serving of the muscles of the head; Sesos ("brains"); Lengua ("tongue"); Cachete ("cheeks"); Trompa ("lips"); and, Ojo ("eye"). Tortillas for these tacos are warmed on the same steaming plate for a different

consistency. These tacos are typically served in pairs, and also include salsa, onion and cilantro (coriander) with occasional use of guacamole.

• Tacos de camarones ("shrimp tacos") also originated in Baja California in Mexico. Grilled or fried shrimp are used, usually with the same accompaniments as fish tacos: lettuce or cabbage, pico de gallo, avocado and a sour cream or citrus/mayonnaise sauce, all placed on top of a corn or flour tortilla.

• Tacos de Cazo for which a metal bowl filled with lard is typically used as a deep-fryer. Meats for these types of tacos typically include: Tripa ("tripe", usually from a pig instead of a cow); Suadero (tender beef cuts), Carnitas and Buche (Literally, "crop", as in bird's crop; here, it is fried pig's esophagus

• Tacos de lengua, beef tongue tacos.[12] Cooked in water with onions, garlic, and bay leaves for several hours until tender and soft, then sliced and sautéed in a small amount of oil. "It is said that unless a taqueria offers tacos de lengua, it

is not a real taqueria."

Two fish tacos in Bonita, California

1 Tacos de pescado ("fish tacos") originated in Baja California in Mexico, where they consist of grilled or fried fish, lettuce or cabbage, pico de gallo, and a sour cream or citrus/mayonnaise sauce, all placed on top of a corn or flour tortilla. In the United States, they were first popularized by the Rubio's fast-food chain, and remain most popular in California, Colorado, and Washington. In California, they are often found at street vendors, and a regional variation is to serve them with cabbage and coleslaw dressing on top.

2 Tacos dorados (fried tacos, literally, "golden tacos") called flautas ("flute", because of the shape), or taquitos, for which the tortillas are filled with pre-cooked shredded chicken, beef or barbacoa, rolled into an elongated cylinder and deep-fried until crisp. They are sometimes cooked in a microwave oven or broiled.

3 Tacos sudados ("sweaty tacos") are made by filling soft tortillas with a spicy meat mixture, then placing them in a basket covered with cloth. The covering keeps the tacos warm and traps steam ("sweat") which softens them.

As an accompaniment to tacos, many taco stands will serve whole or sliced red radishes, lime slices, salt, pickled or grilled chilis (hot peppers), and occasionally cucumber slices, or grilled cambray onions.

•• Tacos made with a carnitas filling

• Grilled shrimp taco• Tacos de suadero (grey) and chorizo (red) being

prepared at a taco stand

• Barbacoa tacos

Non-traditional variations

A hard-shell taco, made with a prefabricated shellHard-shell tacos

Beginning from the early part of the twentieth century, various styles of tacos have become popular in the United States and Canada.[15] An early appearance of a description of the taco in the United States in English was in a 1914 cookbook, California Mexican-Spanish Cookbook, by Bertha Haffner Ginger.[16] The style that has become most common is the hard-shell, U-shaped version described in a cookbook, The good life: New Mexican food, authored by Fabiola Cabeza de Vaca Gilbert and published in Santa Fe, New Mexico, in 1949.[17] These have been sold by restaurants and by fast food chains. Even non-Mexican oriented fast food restaurants have sold tacos. Mass production of this type of taco was encouraged by the invention of devices to hold the tortillas in the U-shape as they were deep-fried. A patent for such a device was issued to New York restaurateur Juvenico Maldonado in 1950, based on his patent filing of 1947 (U.S. Patent No. 2,506,305).[18][19] Such tacos are crisp-fried corn tortillas filled with seasoned ground beef, cheese, lettuce, and sometimes

tomato, onion, salsa, sour cream, and avocado or guacamole.

Soft-shell tacos

Traditionally, soft-shelled tacos referred to corn tortillas that were cooked to a softer state than a hard taco - usually by grilling or steaming. More recently the term has come to include flour tortilla based tacos mostly from large manufacturers and restaurant chains. In this context, soft tacos are tacos made with wheat flour tortillas and filled with the same ingredients as a hard taco.[21]

Crispy tacos

A crispy taco from a Sacramento, California taqueriaA mostly California variation where the (sometimes over-sized) corn tortilla is fried or deep-fried in oil

(originally, lard). The meat can be anything, such as ground beef, beef tip, "asada" (marinated skirt or flank steak), shredded beef, chicken or pork (carnitas) Ground beef is generally diluted with refried bean paste and/or potato, and heavily seasoned. The meat is generally topped with jack and/or cheddar cheese, lettuce and tomato (and sometimes avocado and/or sour cream), with salsa on top.

PUERTO RICO

El Yunque

PUERTO RICO

El Coquí

Formal Commands

Commands are used when ordering, or telling someone to do something. This is often referred to as the "imperative" form of the verb.Compre Ud. el anillo.(You) Buy the ring.

Haga Ud. la tarea.(You) Do the homework.

Compren Uds. los libros.(You-all) Buy the books.

Hagan Uds. el trabajo.(You-all) Do the work.

You are well acquainted with the fact that Spanish has both a formal and an informal

style of speech (tú / Ud.). This distinction applies to commands.

Compre Ud. el anillo.Buy the ring. (formal)

Compra (tú) los dulces.Buy the candy. (familiar)

Informal, or familiar, speech is used among friends, coworkers, relatives, or when addressing a child. Formal speech is generally used to be polite or to express respect. For that reason, the formal commands are often referred to as polite commands.

The formal commands are formed the same way as the present subjunctive:4 Start with the yo form of the present

indicative.

5 Then drop the -o ending.

6 Finally, add the following endings:

-ar verbs:

-e (for Ud.), -en (for Uds.)-er and -ir verbs:-a (for Ud.), -an (for Uds.)

The following examples of formal commands use three regular verbs: hablar, comer, and escribir.

Hable Ud. más lentamente.Hablen Uds. más lentamente.Speak more slowly.

Coma Ud. la cena.

Coman Uds. la cena.Eat the dinner.

Escriba Ud. la carta.Escriban Uds. la carta.Write the letter.

Remember, if the first person singular (yo) form is irregular, that irregularity is carried over into the formation of the formal command.

Tengan Uds. un buen viaje. (yo tengo)Have a good trip.

Traiga Ud. el dinero. (yo traigo)Bring the money.

Venga Ud. conmigo. (yo vengo)Come with me.

This also applies to stem-changing verbs.Cuente Ud. sus beneficios. (yo cuento)Count your blessings.

Vuelvan Uds. pronto. (yo vuelvo)Return quickly.

Pida dinero. (yo pido)Ask for money.

As with the present subjunctive, the following verbs are irregular:

Dar

dé Ud.den Uds.

estaresté Ud.estén Uds.

irvaya Ud.vayan Uds.

Ser

sea Ud.sean Uds.

Saber

sepa Ud.sepan Uds.

Note that affirmative and negative commands use the same verb forms.

Hable Ud.Speak.

No hable Ud.Don't speak.

Coma Ud.Eat.

No coma Ud.Don't eat.

Escriba Ud.Write.

No escriba Ud.Don't write.

Also note that the subject pronouns Ud. and Uds. may or may not be used. Using them

adds a degree of formality or politeness to the command.

Hable.Speak.Hable Ud.Speak (sir). (more respectful)

Coma.Eat.Coma Ud.

Eat (sir). (more polite)

Complete List

Formal Commands (Imperative)

Use the present subjunctive forms

Hable Ud.Speak.

No hable Ud.Don't speak.

Coma Ud.Eat.

No coma Ud.Don't eat.

Escriba Ud.Write.

No escriba Ud.Don't write.

Irregular Formal Commands (Imperative)Same irregulars as the present subjunctive forms

Dar

dé Ud.den Uds.

Estar

esté Ud.estén Uds.

irvaya Ud.vayan Uds.

ser

sea Ud.sean Uds.

sabersepa Ud.sepan Uds.

Formal Affirmative and Negative Commands

Formal commands are used when addressing people in a formal manner. Use formal commands when addressing people you do not know well, people older than you, or people that you generally show respect (boss, teacher, priest, etc.) For all countries other than Spain, also use these commands to address any group of people.

Singular (usted)

• Pague la cuenta, por favor. (Pay the bill, please.)

• Sea amable. (Be nice.)

• Abra la ventana. (Open the window.)

Plural (ustedes)

Damas y caballeros, pasen por aquí. (Ladies and gentlemen, go this way.)Vengan más temprano mañana. (Come earlier tomorrow.)Estudiantes, abran sus libros. (Students, open your books.)

Affirmative Formal Command FormsAll Ud. (usted) and Uds. (ustedes) commands are the same as the Ud.

and Uds. present subjunctive forms.infinitive

usted present subjunctive

usted formal command

ustedes present subjunctive

ustedes formal command

hablar

hable hable hablen hablen

comer

coma coma coman coman

vivir viva viva vivan vivan

Pronoun Placement in Affirmative Formal Commands

Pronoun placement: the pronoun(s) is/are attached to the end of affirmative commands. To preserve the original stress of the verb in case it has more than one syllable, a

written accent is added.

• Tráigamelo. (Bring it to me.)• Cómalo. (Eat it.)

Negative Formal Commands!7B!Negative formal commands couldn’t be easier. All you have to do is add a negative word such as no in front of the affirmative formal

command/usted present subjunctive form.

• No saquen sus libros. (Do not take out your books.)

• No ponga su bolsa aquí. (Do not put your purse here.)

• No vengan mañana. (Do not come tomorrow.)

Pronoun Placement in Negative Formal Commands

Pronoun placement: the pronoun precedes the verb in negative commands and follows the negative word.

• No se levante antes de leer el artículo. (Don’t get up before you read the article.)

• Nunca les compre dulces a los niños. (Never buy candy for the children.)

• Nunca se los compre. (Never buy it for them.)

get started (it's free!).

¡RECUERDEN UDS.!

Negative Tú Commands

Negative informal commands (negative informal imperative forms) are very different from affirmative informal commands. They are actually more similar to the formal commands in that they use the tú form of the present subjunctive of each verb.

• No compres la camisa. (Do not buy the shirt.)

•• No aprendas español. (Do

not learn Spanish!)•• ¡No escribas el ensayo! (Do

not write the essay!)

•Always make sure you have a no or another negative word in front of the verb. This is what makes it negative.Another way to form the negative informal command if you already know your formal commands, is to add an -s to the end of the negative formal command.

infinitive

negative formal command

negative informal command

comprar no compre no compresaprender no aprenda no aprendas

escribir

no escribano escribas

Irregular Negative Informal

CommandsThere are no irregular negative informal commands. If a verb is irregular in the present subjunctive, it maintains the same irregular form in the negative informal command as well

Pronoun PlacementPronoun placement: the pronoun precedes (goes before) the verb in negative commands and after the negative word.

• No te levantes antes de comer tu calabaza. (Don’t get up before you eat your squash.)

• Nunca les compres dulces a los niños. (Never buy candy for the children.)

• Nunca se los compres. (Never buy it for them.)

http://www.clipartpanda.com/categories/adios-clipart