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Investors

Electric synthetic fuels on their way to industrialisation

Christian Olshausen, Carl Berninghausen, Nils Aldag

Sebastian Becker, Karl Hauptmeier21.02.2018

22.02.2018 2

Company Facts

Knowhow• 90 Employees

• Skills in Ceramics, Stack + System Production, Engineering, Synthesis Processes, etc.

Investors

Patents• 43 patent families (i.e. »process patent sunfire« WO/2008/014854)

Recognition• Cleantech 100 Company 2014/2015/2017/2018 (only fuel cell + electrolysis company)

• Fast Company Most Innovative Company of 2016 (with Tesla and Toyota)

• German Gas Industry’s 2016 Innovation & Climate Protection Award

• Kanthal Award 2017 for solutions in Sustainability, Quality of Life and Energy Efficiency

Revenues• Multi-million Euro Revenues in Global Markets since 2011

Sunfire Technology

Solid Oxide Cells Convert…

… electricity into hydrogen / syngas

Steam

(+CO2)

ElectricityHeat

Hydrogen

(+CO)

Oxygen

(O2)

Electrolysis Mode

22.02.2018 4

… fuels and gases into electricity and heat

Fuel

(-CH2-)

Oxygen

(O2)

CO2

&

H2O

ElectricityHeat

Power & Heat Mode

Stack production in Dresden

System testing in Dresden

Three Core USPs

22.02.2018 5

Highest efficiency in hydrogen production

(82 %LHV or 3.7 kWh/Nm3) and power & heat

production (35 - 60 %AC and 90 %total) compared

to legacy technologies such as PEM and Alkaline

Tolerance to carbon in electrolysis mode via

co-electrolysis of CO2 and H2O and in fuel cell

mode via internal reforming of hydrocarbons

(natural gas, LPG, diesel, etc.)

Flexible adjustment of output from part load to

full load (30 % - 120 %) in a short timeframe

Sunfire promises low costs, high reliability and

readiness to scale.

PowerCore Sunfire-Remote

One Core - Multiple Products

Sunfire-HyLink

Multiple Applications

• Reliable power generation in remote sites

• 5 kW ∙ X

• Efficient hydrogen production

• 185 kW ∙ X

Established

SOC concept

22.02.2018 6

Sunfire-SynLink

• Efficient syngas production

• 185 kW ∙ X

22.02.2018 7

e-Crude Production Pathways

Stage 1: electrochemical H2 production through Sunfire-HyLink system, followed by

reverse water gas shift conversion (RWGS)

Stage 2: electrochemical syngas production through Sunfire-SynLink system

• 2 step process through direct syngas production (no RWGS reactor needed)

• High electricity-to-fuel efficiency (~ 60 %LHV)

• Reduced OPEX and CAPEX

Sunfire-SynLink

Sunfire-HyLink

Fischer-

Tropsch

8

Sunfire SOC Operation

Test Stack (30 Cells 3YSZ / 5YbSZ + LSCF)

20 x On/Off in 1ms from 0 to 80% Power Input: No Degradation

S/N: 3658Art.-No.: -Type: SEC-B215-0ZZ-030Test stand: 3.1 (FC3)Editor: C. GreßCreated: 26.01.2015

Cursor-analysis

V_a

ir [N

l/min

]

0

50

100

150

200

V_H

2O(g

) [N

l/min

]

0

4

8

12

16

20

24

28

Tem

pera

ture

[°C

]

600

620

640

660

680

700

720

740

760

780

800

820

840

860

880

Pow

er [W

]

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

Operation time on load V_air_act V_H2_act V_N2_act V_H2O_g I_act I_Netzteil_ist P_act P_Stack_calc T_Kat_I_Tube T_Kat_I_L15 T_MEA_1/2_L15 T_MEA_3/4_L14 T_MEA_4/4_L16 T_Kat_O_L15 T_Kat_O_Tube T_An_I_Tube T_An_O_Tube U_act U_Stack_calc Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Block 4 Block 5 Block 6 Block 7 Block 8 Block 9 Block 10

Cur

rent

[A]

0102030405060708090

100

Operation time [h]

1600 1610 1620 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770

Vol

tage

[V]

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

22.02.2018

9

Sunfire SOC Operation

Test Stack (20 Cells 3YSZ + LSCF)

26 rSOC-Cycles: Linear Voltage Degradation 0,06 %/Cycle

23 Thermocycles: no cell defects

V_Lu_ist V_H2_ist V_N2_ist V_H2O(g)_ist U_Stack_calc I_Last_ist I_Netzteil_ist P_Stack_calc T_Kat_E_Rohr T_Kat_E_E10 T_Kat_A_E10 T_Kat_A_E10 T_Kat_A_Rohr T_An_E_Rohr T_An_A_Rohr T_MEA_0/4_E14 T_MEA_1/2_E15 T_MEA_3/4_E04 T_MEA_4/4_E16

Sr.-Nr.: 3426Art.-Nr.: -Typ: SEC-B215-0ZZ-020Zellfläche: 127 cm²Teststand: 3.1 (FC3)Bearbeiter: R. Stäbererstellt: 16.10.2014

t > 600°C: 1761 ht(SOFC) > 5A: 940 ht(SOEC) > 5A: 346 h

Übersicht

Versuchsinfo:rSOCZyklen

SOFC-KL FU=75%

Export ist noch ausstehend

DP5DP1

TZKeine Datenaufzeichnung

wegen Ausfall PCBeginn TZ

Ausfall MV_Purgegas

DP29

V_Lu

ft [N

l/min

]

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

V_BG

[Nl/m

in]

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Span

nung

[V]

0510152025303540455055

Betriebsdauer [h]

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

T_M

EA_4

/4_E

16 [°

C]

640

660

680

700

720

740

760

780

800

820

840

860

880

Leis

tung

[W]

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Stro

mstär

ke [A

]

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

22.02.2018

Single Step Efficiencies

22.02.2018 10

Overall efficiency:

0,85 * 0,81 * 0,88 => 55 – 61 % (LHV/kWhel)

Sunfire produces Fischer Tropsch synthetic

fuel, which needs to be processed in

refineries

BOP: 88 %

Co-Electrolysis

85 %

Fischer-Tropsch

81 %

Sector Coupling

Focus: PtX

Existing Value Chain for Oil and Gas

12

Large assets already in place using fossil natural gas and crude oil as feedstock

Economically feasible industrial decarbonisation in industrialized countries necessary

Otherwise industry will move to regions with less environmental protection

Crude Oil

Nat. Gas

Hydrogen

Fossil Inputs

(Upstream)

Syngas

Examples

Diesel

Gasoline

Jet-A

Ethylene

Plastics

Foils

Foam

Solvents

Cosmetics

Pharmaceuticals

…

Refinery

Petro-chemistry

Specialty

Chemicals

Processing

Refinery &

Chemicals

End-products

(Downstream)

Product 1

Product 2

Product 3

…

22.02.2018

Sector Coupling with Sunfire Using the Existing Value Chain

22.02.2018 13

HyLink

Examples

Diesel

Gasoline

Jet-A

Ethylene

Plastics

Foils

Foam

Solvents

Cosmetics

Pharmaceuticals

…

End-products

(Downstream)

Refinery

Petro-chemistry

Specialty

Chemicals

Processing

Refinery &

Chemicals

Sunfire makes use of existing assets instead of changing all processes and

infrastructures individually (no disinvest – no stranded assets)

Renewable/ CO2-neutral property is sold with e-Fuel certificates to any possible

customer, similar to renewable energy in the electricity grid Open-Grid-Concept

e-Crude

e-Hydrogen

e-Syngas

Product 1

Product 2

Product 3

…

SynLink

SynLink+

Renewable Inputs

(Upstream)

ren. energy certificates e-Fuel certificates

C – H - O

A general approach

22.02.2018 15

C – H - O

C1 = methaneC2 = ethaneC3 = propaneC4 = butaneC5 – C10 = benzene

C11 – C20 = diesel

C9 – C16 =kerosene

>C20 = wax

H2-economyH2O + CO2

(combustion

products)

H

C6H2O

(coal)

CH2O (Biomass)-CH2-

(Petrol,

Diesel, Wax)

C

CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)

OH2O (water)

= Combustion= Photosynthesis= Oiling= Coalification

Source: Dissertation Dr. B.M. Wolf, 1976

H

H

H

C

H

H

C

High

enthalpy

22.02.2018 16

C – H - O

H

CH2

(Petrol,

Diesel, Wax)

C

CO2 (Carbon

Dioxide)

O

H2O (water)

Natural

gas

Alcohol

Sugar, flour,

spaghetti

Wood

Flavorings

Nivea

Olive oil

Power-to-Liquids

Current Status and Next Steps

Sunfire BMBF Project

22.02.2018 18

Steam Electrolysis

Capacity: 5 – 10 kW

Start up: As of Q4/2014

Fuel 1 test plant for RWGS & Fischer-Tropsch

Capacity 1 bbl/day (159 Liters)

Start up As of Q4/2014

Sunfire BMBF Project

Opening Ceremony on November 14th, 2014

22.02.2018 19

German Federal Minister of Education and

Research receives the first liters / Car

manufacturer Audi confirms the fuel’s eco-

friendliness!

22.02.2018 20

Sunfire BMBF Project

22.02.2018 21

Sunfire e-crude properties

cleaner combustion (no particles)Aromate content < 1 wt.-%, no sulphur

good ingnition quality (cetane no.)High proportion of n-alcanes

CHARACTERISTICS DIESEL (EN590) SUNFIRE FIRST DISTILLATE

GRAVIMETRIC DENSITY 820 … 840 kg/m³ 780 kg/m³

LHV 42,5 MJ/kg 44,71 MJ/kg

ENERGY DENSITY 34,9 … 35,7 MJ/L 34,9 MJ/L

CETANE NUMBER > 51 65 … 76

*Preliminary Analysis from Petrolab/Speyer => Drop in for refineries

Sunfire e-Crude production with Nordic Blue Crude for e-Kerosine, e-Diesel and e-Wax

Start of operation: ca. 2021

Capacity: ca. 8,000 t/a e-Crude

21,000 tonnes/a of CO2 mitigation

Electricity-to-fuel efficiency of ca. 60 %LHV

22.02.2018 22

Stage 2

Sunfire-SynLink+

22.02.2018 23

e-Fuels Predicted to Play Large Role in the Future

In 2050, hard-to-electrify sector will make up 50 % or 5,000 PJ

For e-Fuels to be available in those quantities after 2030, we must start now

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

2020 2030 2040 2050

Passenger Vehicles Buses Rail (passenger) Rail (freight) Trucks Ships (freight) Aviation

ca. 10,300 PJ

Calculation based on dena/LBST „E-Fuels –The potential of electricity based fuels for low emission transport in the EU”, 2017

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

2020 2030 2040 2050

Fossil Fuels Electricity H2 Methane eFuels

ca. 10,300 PJ

22.02.2018 24

Value Chain Chemical Industry

Electricity:

5 €ct/kWh

DREAM

Power-to-X-Plant

CAPEX: 0

100 % Efficiency

Fuel (X):

+ 5 €ct/kWh

+ 50 €ct/ Liter

+ 79,50 € /barrel

In practice: X 2-3!

22.02.2018 25

Value Chain Chemical Industry

Fossil & Renewable Value Chains in Comparison

+ Not closable via R&D (first law of thermodynamics)+ Cost externalisation via CO2 - emission

ChlorophyllPhoto-

synthesisRefinery Distribution

Energy Collection Energy Processing Conditioning Distribution

Wind mill/Solar Power Plant

Power-to-X Refinery Distribution

Fossil Resources“Free Lunch”

Explo-ration

Refinery Distribution

CostParity / MeritOrder

22.02.2018 26

Solar Fuel Production

Energy Collection Energy Processing Conditioning Distribution

Solar Power Plant Refinery Distribution

One material for electron activation + molecule

reduction leads to material compromise

Emission & LCA

0,00

0,05

0,10

0,15

0,20

0,25

0,30

0,35

Diesel Fuel 4 Fuel 4

Pump

NOxmin Pmmin

em

issio

ns [

g/k

m]

NOx

PMx10

ΔNOx = - 37%

ΔPM = - 24%

ΔNOx = - 21%

ΔPM = - 26%

Particles and NOx

22.02.2018 28

Source: Renew, Engelbert, Choren

0,000

0,005

0,010

0,015

0,020

0,025

0,030

0,035

0,000 0,050 0,100 0,150 0,200 0,250 0,300 0,350

NOx [g/km]

part

icle

[g

/km

]

reference Diesel

Kerosine high

Fuel 4

EU IV limits

Particles and NOx

22.02.2018 29

Source: Renew, Engelbert, Choren

22.02.2018 30

LCA - GHG

Upon request, further presentation

material can be provided for each

Sunfire product.

sunfire GmbH

Gasanstaltstraße 2

01237 Dresden

Germany

W: www.sunfire.de

THANK YOU!