Wednesday September 8, 2010“Open 24 Hours. Except 2 AM to 8 AM.”

- Sign at a pizzeria

Welcome!

1. Come in, sit down, and smile!

2. On a piece of paper write the following:

1. Name

2. If you could go to dinner anywhere, where it would be

3. Something cool you have done

4. Anything you know about Christopher Columbus

European Exploration in the East

Why did they start exploring? 1.Renaissance

Sparks curiosity and need for adventure

2. Looking for new ways to get rich Asia had spices (nutmeg,

ginger, cinnamon, pepper) Demand was bigger than

supply so merchants could raise prices

Muslims and Italians control trade over land

Europeans looking for other route

3. Spreading Christianity “gold, God, and glory” Must convert “savage”

Muslims

4. Technology New technology made it

possible to explore further and easier

Triangular sails Improved boats Better navigation (magnetic

compass)

Portugal First to explore At first, along West Coast

of Africa, later finding route to Asia

Trade in Africa for gold, slaves

Prince Henry the Navigator Son of the King Found lots of treasure

during conquests Wanted to spread

Christianity Founded navigational

school and sponsored earliest explorers Mapmaking, shipbuilding,

etc.

Heading to Asia At first, though they had

to sail around Africa

Bartolomeu Dias Reached tip of Africa

(Cape of Good Hope) Storms blew him around

tip Wanted to keep going, but

crew couldn’t

Vasco da Gama Reached Southwest tip of

India Found spices, silks, gems Got direct trade route to

India Made da Gama very

popular

Spain Christopher Columbus

Wanted to find route to Asia by sailing West

Thought he reached West Indies (actually hit the Bahamas in the Caribbean) Sets stage for settling New World – often credited with “discovering” America (Columbian exchange)

Claimed all of the islands for Spain

Creates problems between Spain and Portugal

Portugal v. Spain Line of Demarcation –

imaginary line dividing claims of Spain and Portugal

Portugal thought Columbus claimed their land

Treaty of Tordesillas – agreement to honor line (Spain gets West, Portugal gets East)

Ferdinand Magellan (Spain) First to circumnavigate

(sail around) the world “Finds” Philippines 3 year trip Only 18 men out of 230

made it back

Eventually Portuguese dies out Dutch and English are in

(compete)

Dutch Netherlands Have largest fleet by 1600

AD Form Dutch East India

Company

The Spanish in the Americas

Pedro Alvares Cabral

Discovered Brazil

Amerigo Vespucci

Realized the places they were exploring was a “New World”

America was named after him

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

First European to see Pacific Ocean

Conquistadors

(Conquerors)

Hernando Cortez

Had 600 men Wanted Aztec gold Montezuma II (Aztec

leader) though Cortez was a god

Aztecs and Spanish fight

Cortez wins (conquers Aztec civilization)

Why Cortez won

1. Better weapons (horses, cannons, etc.)

2. Help from other surrounding tribes

3. Disease (measles, mumps, smallpox, typhus)

Francisco Pizarro

Conquered Incas using only 200 Spanish v. 30,000 Incas

Incan ruler was Atahualpa

Ponce de Leon

Claims Florida for Spain

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado Claims Arizona, New

Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas (weren’t called that at the time)

Pay attention to people and words in red (those that you filled in). Also, define:Mercantilism and John Cabot Additionally, answer the following question:•Identify and briefly describe the negative consequences of the Spanish encomienda system. Were there any positive consequences?