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WEEK 11 Journal 43
Explain Explain THREETHREE ways the ways the Civil Rights Movement has Civil Rights Movement has affected you and society.affected you and society.
WEEK 12 Journal 44Plessy v Ferguson Plessy v Ferguson and and
Brown v Board of Education Brown v Board of Education 1. What do they have in common?1. What do they have in common? 2. How are they different?2. How are they different?
THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
SECTION 1SECTION 1
THE MOVEMENT THE MOVEMENT BEGINSBEGINS
CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1875 Outlawed segregation in Outlawed segregation in
public placespublic places Ruled unconstitutional in Ruled unconstitutional in
18831883
PLESSY v. FERGUSON
1890 - 18961890 - 1896 LouisianaLouisiana railroadrailroad
JIM CROW LAWS Segregation lawsSegregation laws
Interracial marriagesInterracial marriagesSeparate schoolsSeparate schoolsStreet carsStreet carsWaiting roomsWaiting roomsElevatorsElevatorsWitness standsWitness standsRestroomsRestroomsWater fountainsWater fountains
TWO TYPES OF SEGREGATION De Facto De Facto
TraditionTradition De JureDe Jure
By lawBy law Migration north to escape Migration north to escape
discriminationdiscriminationDidn’t workDidn’t work
NAACP
19091909 WEB DuBoisWEB DuBois Work through the Work through the court court
systemsystem to address civil to address civil rights issuesrights issues
NEW DEAL
Brought reliefBrought relief
WORLD WAR II
Set the stage Set the stage Job openingsJob openings Served in armed forcesServed in armed forces Returning veterans. . . Returning veterans. . . Civil Rights organizations fought for Civil Rights organizations fought for
changeschanges FDR prohibited discrimination in federal FDR prohibited discrimination in federal
agencies and war industriesagencies and war industries Truman integrated the entire armed forcesTruman integrated the entire armed forces
Congress of Racial EqualityCongress of Racial Equality
Sit-insSit-ins
THURGOOD MARSHALL
1938 - Recruited to bring 1938 - Recruited to bring segregation cases before segregation cases before Supreme CourtSupreme Court
23 years23 years 29 of 32 cases29 of 32 cases Most famous caseMost famous case
BROWNV.
BOARD OFEDUCATION
BROWN II
SOUTHERN MANIFESTO
Result of Brown casesResult of Brown cases Southern congress Southern congress
members issued manifestomembers issued manifestoResist integration “by all Resist integration “by all lawful means”lawful means”
EMMETT TILL
Summer 1955Summer 1955 Money, MSMoney, MS
MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT Dec 1, 1955Dec 1, 1955 Rosa ParksRosa Parks Martin Luther King led groupMartin Luther King led group
December 5, 1955December 5, 1955Supreme Court ruled in 1956Supreme Court ruled in 1956December 21, 1956December 21, 1956381 days381 days ECONOMIC
Considered to mark the beginning of the
civil rights movement
MARTIN LUTHER KING’S PHILOSOPHY SOUL FORCESOUL FORCE ThoreauThoreau
Civil disobedienceCivil disobedience RandolphRandolph
Organizing techniquesOrganizing techniques GandhiGandhi
Non violenceNon violence JesusJesus
Love enemiesLove enemies
SOUTHERN CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE Founded by ministers and C Founded by ministers and C
R leadersR leaders Ella BakerElla Baker PurposePurpose
Carry out Carry out non-violentnon-violent crusades against the evils crusades against the evils of second class citizenshipof second class citizenship
EISENHOWER AND CIVIL RIGHTS EnforcerEnforcer Little Rock NineLittle Rock Nine
Sept. 1957Sept. 1957Gov. FaubusGov. FaubusElizabeth EckfordElizabeth Eckford
CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957 First since reconstructionFirst since reconstruction Gave Federal Government Gave Federal Government
authority over violations of authority over violations of African American voting African American voting rightsrights
SECTION 2CHALLENGINGSEGREGATION
SIT-INS Greensboro Greensboro Jesse Jackson / NCJesse Jackson / NC Jackson, MSJackson, MS
STUDENT NON-VIOLENT COORDINATING COMMITTEE
Wanted things to happen Wanted things to happen quickerquicker
More confrontationalMore confrontational Ella Baker and Marion BarryElla Baker and Marion Barry
FANNIE LOU HAMER
19641964 Freedom Democratic PartyFreedom Democratic Party National Democratic National Democratic
ConventionConvention
FREEDOM RIDERS
19611961 CORECORE Washington DC to SouthWashington DC to South
MontgomeryMontgomeryBull Conner – Birmingham Bull Conner – Birmingham
JFK AND CIVIL RIGHTS Campaigned to support Civil Campaigned to support Civil
RightsRightsMartin Luther King – jailMartin Luther King – jail
However - once in office…However - once in office…Did not pushDid not push
Committee on Equal Employment Committee on Equal Employment OpportunityOpportunityStop federal bureaucracy from Stop federal bureaucracy from
discriminating in hiring and discriminating in hiring and promoting promoting
WEEK 12 JOURNAL 45Explain the importance of each of Explain the importance of each of
the following:the following:
1.1. Plessy v FergusonPlessy v Ferguson
2.2. Brown v Board of EducationBrown v Board of Education
3.3. Civil Rights Act of 1964Civil Rights Act of 1964
JAMES MEREDITH SeptembeSeptembe
r 1962r 1962 Ole MissOle Miss Gov. Gov.
BarnettBarnett JFKJFK
BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMAAPRIL 3, 1963 Cuban Missile Crisis – Oct. Cuban Missile Crisis – Oct.
19621962 King meets with leadersKing meets with leaders
How to desegregate cityHow to desegregate city April 12April 12 May 2May 2
Bull ConnorBull Connor May 3May 3 TV camerasTV cameras
Convinced JFKa Civil Rights
bill was needed
June 11
June 11, 1963
Are we to say to Are we to say to the world and the world and much more much more importantly to importantly to each other - - that each other - - that this is the land of this is the land of the free, except the free, except for the Negros?”for the Negros?”
MEDGAR EVERS
June 11, 1963June 11, 1963
Byron De La BeckwithByron De La Beckwith
MARCH ON WASHINGTON
August 28, 1963August 28, 1963 250,000 / 75,000250,000 / 75,000 Support for the Civil Rights BillSupport for the Civil Rights Bill King’s “I Have a Dream” speechKing’s “I Have a Dream” speech
JFK’S ASSASSINATION
November 22, 1963November 22, 1963
CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 FilibusterFilibuster
cloturecloture July 2, 1964July 2, 1964 Signed by LBJSigned by LBJ Prohibited segregation in public Prohibited segregation in public
places because of race, religion, places because of race, religion, national origin, or gendernational origin, or gender
STRUGGLE FOR VOTING RIGHTS SNCC focused on this issueSNCC focused on this issue 2424thth Amendment Amendment
FREEDOM SUMMER Summer of 1964Summer of 1964 Robert MosesRobert Moses Chaney, Goodman, Chaney, Goodman,
SchwernerSchwerner
SELMA MARCH
19651965 ½ Of population½ Of population 3% of voters3% of voters King’s planKing’s plan By end of January >2000 By end of January >2000
arrestedarrested
Sheriff Jim ClarkSheriff Jim Clark Jimmie Lee JacksonJimmie Lee Jackson 54 mile march to Montgomery54 mile march to Montgomery Bloody Sunday – March 7, 1965Bloody Sunday – March 7, 1965
600600 Johnson calls for congress to…Johnson calls for congress to… Sunday March21Sunday March21
3000 set out3000 set outOnly 250Only 25025,000 25,000
VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965 Eliminated literacy test to Eliminated literacy test to
votevote Voting population changedVoting population changed
– 19641964 19681968 SelmaSelma MississippiMississippi
10%
7% 67%
60%
SECTION 3NEW ISSUESNEW ISSUES
FOCUS OF THE MOVEMENT
De jure segregationDe jure segregation De facto segregationDe facto segregation
WATTS RIOT
Aug 11, 1965Aug 11, 1965 Los AngelesLos Angeles Drunk driverDrunk driver 6 days6 days 34 killed34 killed $30 million$30 million
DETROIT RIOT
19671967 Burning, looting, skirmishes Burning, looting, skirmishes 43 dead43 dead 1000 wounded1000 wounded 4000 fires – 1300 buildings4000 fires – 1300 buildings $250 million in damages$250 million in damages
KERNER COMMISSION
Study causes of urban Study causes of urban violenceviolence
White racism is the causeWhite racism is the cause 1- nation moving to 2 societies1- nation moving to 2 societies 2- called for creation of new 2- called for creation of new
jobs and housingjobs and housing 3- called for an end to de facto3- called for an end to de facto
Never endorsed byJohnson - - -
Great Society and Vietnam War
CHICAGO MOVEMENT
King and his wifeKing and his wife
MALCOLM X Malcolm Little –1925Malcolm Little –1925 Jail 1945Jail 1945 Elijah Muhammad Elijah Muhammad Nation of IslamNation of Islam 19521952 His messageHis message
Armed Self Defense – QuoteArmed Self Defense – Quote MeccaMecca
New messageNew message Feb 21, 1965Feb 21, 1965
BULLETS FOR BALLOTS
Give us ballots or you will Give us ballots or you will get bulletsget bullets
JUNE 1966 Meredith’s march from Memphis Meredith’s march from Memphis
to Jacksonto JacksonAubrey James NorvellAubrey James Norvell
Stokley Carmichael SNCC, Stokley Carmichael SNCC, McKissic CORE and MLKMcKissic CORE and MLK
BLACK POWER
Greenwood, MSGreenwood, MS Carmichael’s rhetoricCarmichael’s rhetoric
SNCC would not recruit…SNCC would not recruit…
BLACK PANTHERS
Political party to fight police Political party to fight police brutality in the ghettobrutality in the ghetto
They wanted – They wanted – Control of African Am Control of African Am
communitiescommunitiesFull employmentFull employmentDecent housingDecent housingBlack military exemptionBlack military exemption
Raised money byRaised money bySelling Mao Zedong’s writingsSelling Mao Zedong’s writings
Taught armed revoltTaught armed revolt Tactics were questionedTactics were questioned Good things…..Good things….. Carmichael changed support Carmichael changed support
from SNCCfrom SNCC
AIM – American Indian Movement
Compared to the Black PanthersCompared to the Black Panthers Occupied Alcatraz and Wounded Occupied Alcatraz and Wounded
KneeKnee More militant approach to push for More militant approach to push for
rightsrights
APRIL 3, 1968
King ‘s speech in MemphisKing ‘s speech in MemphisQuote – old bookQuote – old book
April 4, 1968April 4, 1968James Earl RayJames Earl Ray
Robert Kennedy – speechRobert Kennedy – speech Urban RiotingUrban Rioting June of 1968June of 1968
CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1968 Banned discrimination in Banned discrimination in
housinghousing
WEEK 12 JOURNAL 47
What would the leader in this What would the leader in this photograph most likely say photograph most likely say regarding the Civil Rights regarding the Civil Rights Movement? Movement?
Copy the statement he Copy the statement he would have said. would have said.
1. The CR Movement was a failure because no major anti-1. The CR Movement was a failure because no major anti-segregation legislation was passed.segregation legislation was passed.
2. A direct, nonviolent approach towards change is the best 2. A direct, nonviolent approach towards change is the best way to achieve equalityway to achieve equality
3. Civil disobedience can never work; it is not an effective 3. Civil disobedience can never work; it is not an effective method to achieve political change.method to achieve political change.
4. Groups like the Black Panthers are necessary to the 4. Groups like the Black Panthers are necessary to the movement because they are not afraid to use force.movement because they are not afraid to use force.
WHAT HAPPENED TO THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT De jure segregationDe jure segregation De facto segregationDe facto segregation African American educationAfrican American education African American prideAfrican American pride TV showsTV shows Elected officialsElected officials Affirmative ActionAffirmative Action
Reverse discriminationReverse discrimination
JOURNAL 33The immediate need for federal The immediate need for federal
troops is urgent. The mob is troops is urgent. The mob is much larger in numbers at 8am much larger in numbers at 8am than at any time yesterday. . . . . than at any time yesterday. . . . . Situation is out of control and Situation is out of control and police cannot disperse the mob . . police cannot disperse the mob . . . . Action by you will restore . . Action by you will restore peace and order and compliance peace and order and compliance with your proclamation.with your proclamation.
Telegram from mayor of Little RockTelegram from mayor of Little Rock
1. Who was this telegram sent to?1. Who was this telegram sent to?2. What action was taken by the 2. What action was taken by the
recipient? recipient?
Jim Crow Laws Plessy v. FergusonLittle Rock Nine Kerner CommissionCivil Rights Act of 1964 Voting Rights Act of 1965De Facto Segregation Black PowerStokley Carmichael Malcolm XBlack Panthers Montgomery Bus BoycottWW II and Civil Rights Civil Rights Act of 1968Martin Luther King Poll TaxLiteracy Tests President Truman and Civil RightsSouthern Manifesto James MeredithFannie Lou Hamer Freedom SummerNAACP and Marshall Medgar EversAffirmative Power James Earl RayEmmett Till
