VENTILASI TAMBANGHendra Harisman, ST., M.Eng.Sc.

TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN

Komposisi Penilaian

Komposisi Penilaian: Kehadiran : 5% Quiz : 10% Tugas : 20 UTS : 30 UAS : 35

Tugas diserahkan tepatwaktu, tidak diperkenankanmenyusulkan tugas.

INTRODUCTION Ventilation in underground mines is an essential element The basic objectives of any ventilation system are:

to provide airflows of sufficient quantity and quality to provide oxygen to dilute contaminants to safe concentrations and remove them from the

mine.

These basic requirements are enshrined in law in all countries however, the quantity and quality requirements can vary greatly from

country to country depending on a large number of factors as well as the situation being ventilated

INTRODUCTION The overall requirement is that workers must be able to live, work, and

travel within an environment that is safe and provides reasonable comfort.

Ventilation can also be employed in situations where human intervention is not required.

INTRODUCTION Mine ventilation can be defined as the application of the principles of

fluid mechanics and thermodynamics to the flow of air through mine openings.

Controlling a ventilation system requires quantity as well as air quality control, and ventilation planning techniques.

PURPOSE OF MINE VENTILATION to maintain an atmosphere that promotes a safe and effective work

environment management of oxygen content and levels of contaminants:

toxic gases combustion products Dust workplace temperature

Legal limits relating to exact standards for the work environment vary depending on the purpose of ventilation as well as from country to country and state to state within some countries.

POLLUTANTS / HAZARD Pollutants enter a ventilation airstream from a variety of sources The aim of any ventilation system is to dilute any pollutants to a safe

level and then remove them Common types of pollutants:

Gases, Products of combustion, Dusts, Heat and humidity, Radioactive solids and by-products, and Diesel particulate matter.

POLLUTANTS / HAZARDHazards encountered in mine ventilation: imposed by natural conditions imposed by the design and engineering decisions

POLLUTANTS / HAZARDThe natural factors include: geology, depth, surface climate, gases contained in the rock mass, Ground water and other fluids, the physical and chemical properties of the rock, the age of the workings.

POLLUTANTS / HAZARDThe engineering design of a mine: Mining method used, Method of fragmentation of rock, Rate of fragmentation of rock, Use of backfilling materials, Types of power used underground, Types and number of vehicles in the mine, Method of ore and waste removal, Types and quantities of materials stored and/or used in the mine, Mine layout and the number and interconnectedness of the airways in

the mine.

POLLUTANTS / HAZARD The main method of controlling the atmospheric conditions in an

underground mine is by airflow. Fans generally induce the flow of air in mines, although natural

ventilation due to air density changes can provide some airflow in modern mines.

Fans in underground mine: Main fans (single/in combinations) Other fans (booster fans) Auxiliary fans (headings)

POLLUTANTS / HAZARD Other method of controlling the atmospheric conditions in an

underground mine: methane drainage mine heating and cooling systems dust suppression systems etc

AIRFLOW

Airflow in a mine is induced by pressure differences between intake and exhaust openings.

AIRFLOW

The pressure difference is caused by imposing some form of pressure at one point or a series of points in the ventilating system.

Exhausting Fan

AIRFLOWPassageways, both intake and returns must be provided to conduct airflow

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