Week 3: Journalism 2001 September 24, 2007 Slide 2 Whats wrong?
1. Phantoms, not Phantoms 2. Catalog, not catolog 3. too high, not
to high 4. All of the above! Slide 3 Review of last weeks news Lets
take a quiz! Lets take a quiz! Slide 4 Residents say lingering
undercurrents of anger over the 1978 creation of the ____________
may be partially to blame for the charges against five adults and
one juvenile for terrorizing campers and firing multiple weapons
into the night sky and calm waters in August. 1. Voyageurs National
Park 2. Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness 3. Grand Casino Mille
Lacs Slide 5 The strike by the University of Minnesota members of
AFSCME ended last Friday, with employees returning to their jobs
this week. 1. True 2. False Slide 6 Larry Mackey, 62, survived five
nights in the woods near Remer without food or water after falling
20 feet from his ____________. 1. house 2. bear-hunting stand 3.
truck Slide 7 Finnish paper giant Sorsa Enso Oyj announced Friday
that it plans to sell its North American manufacturing operations,
including its mill in ____________, for about $2.1 billion to an
Ohio-based company. 1. Silver Bay 2. Duluth 3. Cloquet Slide 8 UMD
alumnus _____________ donated $10.7 million for the College of
Science and Engineering, which will bear his name. 1. Ronald Weber
2. Joel Labovitz 3. James Swenson Slide 9 After years of ups and
downs, full-scale construction of the $235 million Mesabi Nugget
Delaware LLC ______________ will begin this fall at the former LTV
Steel Mining Co. site near Aurora and Hoyt Lakes. 1. coal plant 2.
iron nugget plant 3. taconite plant Slide 10 State officials
selected Flatiron Construction Inc. and Manson Construction Co.
last week as the joint winner of a lucrative contract to rebuild
the ___________. 1. Metrodome 2. Minneapolis-St. Paul Airport 3.
I-35W bridge Slide 11 The Minnesota Vikings beat the Kansas City
Chiefs on Sunday. 1. True 2. False Slide 12 The Green Bay Packers
beat the San Diego Chargers on Sunday. 1. True 2. False Slide 13
The UMD Bulldogs football team beat Central Washington on Saturday.
1. True 2. False Slide 14 DNT Analysis Excellent job! Excellent
job! Youre now reading the newspaper with a more critical eye Youre
now reading the newspaper with a more critical eye Better
understanding of what goes into the newspaper; why editors make
story selections Better understanding of what goes into the
newspaper; why editors make story selections What surprised you
while doing assignment? What surprised you while doing assignment?
Slide 15 Different editions of Star-Tribune Early Sunday Early
Sunday State edition State edition Metro edition Metro edition
Slide 16 Grammar exercise Dr. Grammar tips: Dr. Grammar tips:
http://www.drgrammar.org/ http://www.drgrammar.org/ Slide 17
Review: Summary lead assignment Overall great start! Overall great
start! Best to use one-sentence summary lead Best to use
one-sentence summary lead Use dateline Use dateline Write in past
tense, active voice Write in past tense, active voice Watch state
abbreviations: Fla FL FLA Watch state abbreviations: Fla FL FLA
Watch wordiness Watch wordiness has resulted in the mans death
stunned a man to death leads to the suspect being shot M-26 Taser
stun gun Slide 18 Heres the summary lead from the Associated Press:
HOLLYWOOD, Fla. A man behaving strangely in front of a hotel died
after police shot him with a stun gun, then wrestled him to the
ground and handcuffed him because he had not been subdued. Many of
your leads are just as strong! A suspected drug user died Sunday
after police officers shot him with a taser gun in front of a hotel
for his strange behavior and eventually resisting arrest. A man who
behaved strangely in front of a hotel Sunday and refused to
cooperate with police died after an officer shot him in the chest
with a stun gun. Slide 19 A man died Sunday when officers tried to
subdue him using a stun gun for acting strangely in front of a
hotel. A man acting strangely in front of a hotel Sunday died after
a police officer used a stun gun in an effort to subdue him.
Brevity good, but can be misleading: Local police unintentionally
killed a man outside a hotel on Sunday after shooting him with a
stun gun. In an attempt to subdue a suspected drug offender, police
opened fire with a 50,000 volt probe, accidentally killing the man.
A man died Sunday in front a hotel after an officer fired a Taser
stun gun at him because he was behaving strangely. Police shot and
accidentally killed a disobedient man they believed was on drugs
outside a hotel with a stun gun Sunday. Slide 20 Review: Writing a
summary lead Usually a single sentence Usually a single sentence No
more than 35 words No more than 35 words Bottom line: Bottom line:
Use a single sentence of no more than 35 words to summarize an
event Slide 21 Summary of summary leads Do not go with the first
lead Do not go with the first lead Avoid unnecessary words Avoid
unnecessary words Avoid gobbledygook Avoid gobbledygook Write
clearly, concisely Write clearly, concisely Use vivid verbs Use
vivid verbs Use colorful words Use colorful words Slide 22 Use
active voice! Avoid to be a man was killed. a man was shot by
police. was behaving strangely Slide 23 Check egradebook
Assignments listed at egradebook: Assignments listed at egradebook:
http://www.d.umn.edu/egradebook http://www.d.umn.edu/egradebook If
assignments missing that you turned in, let me know ASAP If
assignments missing that you turned in, let me know ASAP Slide 24
Assignment due today Summary lead exercises Summary lead exercises
Steps to help you: Identify the five Ws and H Who? What? When?
Where? Why? How? Determine whats the most important to include
Reminder: Summary lead contains no more than 35 words Email
assignment, written in Microsoft Word, saved as a Rich Text Format
(RTF) file and sent as an attachment to [email protected]
[email protected] Slide 25 In-class assignment for tonight To help
you develop interviewing skills, during tonights class you will be
interviewing Lucy Kragness. She will review her background, and you
will ask her questions. Assume story assignment for the Statesman
To prepare, review website, write out questions in advance.
http://www.d.umn.edu/~lkragnes http://www.d.umn.edu/~lkragnes Start
story in class, email final five paragraph story, written in
Microsoft Word, saved as a Rich Text Format (RTF) file and sent as
an attachment by Wednesday (September 26) to: [email protected]
[email protected] Story will not be graded; all receive 5 points
Watch style errors! Slide 26 Assignment for 10/1 More summary lead
exercises! More summary lead exercises! Steps to help you: Identify
the five Ws and H Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? Determine which
is the most important to include. A summary lead should contain no
more than 35 words. One sentence strongest summary lead. Email
assignment, written in Microsoft Word, saved as a Rich Text Format
(RTF) file and sent as an attachment to [email protected] Email
assignment, written in Microsoft Word, saved as a Rich Text Format
(RTF) file and sent as an attachment to
[email protected]@d.umn.edu Slide 27 Story Pitches for
Hard News 1 and 2 Assignments: Due 10/3 Length of story pitches: no
more than three paragraphs, about 200 words Length of story
pitches: no more than three paragraphs, about 200 words Include the
5 Ws and H: what makes this story newsworthy Include the 5 Ws and
H: what makes this story newsworthy Deadlines for complete
articles: Deadlines for complete articles: Hard News 1: October 15
Hard News 2: October 26 Slide 28 Hard News 1: Where to find
meetings City of Duluth meetings: City of Duluth meetings:
http://www.ci.duluth.mn.us/city/meeting/inde x.htm
http://www.ci.duluth.mn.us/city/meeting/inde
x.htmhttp://www.ci.duluth.mn.us/city/meeting/inde x.htm St. Louis
County Board St. Louis County Board Superior City Council Superior
City Council Duluth School Board Duluth School Board Other public
meetings Other public meetings Slide 29 Hard News 2: Mayoral
coverage project Work in groups of no more than three Work in
groups of no more than three Come up with own groups by next week
OR, would you like me to assign groups? Lets brainstorm ideas of
places where people gather in the community Lets brainstorm ideas
of places where people gather in the community Senior Citizen
Center Slide 30 Story pitch for Sports Story Reporting Assignment:
10/3 Length of story pitch: no more than three paragraphs, about
200 words Length of story pitch: no more than three paragraphs,
about 200 words Include the 5 Ws and H: what makes this story
newsworthy Include the 5 Ws and H: what makes this story newsworthy
Deadline for complete article: Deadline for complete article: Slide
31 Slide 32 Chapter 6: Developing a news story Which stories are
worth developing? Which stories are worth developing? Major local
news: Weather, fire, derailment, court trial Other factors
influencing coverage Other factors influencing coverage Prejudices
of reporters, editors Size of market Searching for a scoop What the
competition is doing What other stories are developing Slide 33
Phase 1: The story breaks What, when, where, to whom What, when,
where, to whom Mainbars Mainbars Reporting the breaking news
Sidebars Sidebars Extra stories that explain news, human interest
Examples of stories with followups Examples of stories with
followups Beekeeper story Slide 34 Phase 2: Second-day stories Why,
how Why, how Any late-breaking developments Any late-breaking
developments Clean-up, additional fatalities Put story into
perspective Put story into perspective Slide 35 Phase 3: Advancing
the story Color: Observation, narrative, anecdotes that provide a
clear picture of a person or event Color: Observation, narrative,
anecdotes that provide a clear picture of a person or event
Background Background Need to keep the news high in the story New
information New information Slide 36 Phase 4: Follow-up
developments Reporters make routine checks Reporters make routine
checks New developments New developments Release of a report Air
crash, investigations Slide 37 Checklist for developing stories
Report latest news first Report latest news first Put original
breaking news high in follow-ups Put original breaking news high in
follow-ups Go to the scene; talk to as many people as possible Go
to the scene; talk to as many people as possible Always strive to
put a face on the tragedy Always strive to put a face on the
tragedy Advance each follow-up; new developments Advance each
follow-up; new developments Look for new sources; consider all
angles Look for new sources; consider all angles Get color Get
color Cooperate with other reporters Cooperate with other reporters
Slide 38 Chapter 8: Special Leads Non-breaking news story or
feature Non-breaking news story or feature Narrative Contrast
Staccato Direct-address Question & quote none of the above
Slide 39 Narrative Leads Puts readers into the middle of the action
Lead block: Observation the key! Lead block: Observation the key! 2
or more paragraphs leading to main point Nut graph Nut graph So
what paragraph Keep the story going Keep the story going Slide 40
Examples of narrative leads
http://www.d.umn.edu/~lkragnes/beargrease1.html Slide 41 Contrast
Leads Compares, contrasts Compares, contrasts Old & new Short
& tall Yesterday & today Turn words: Turn words: Now,
today, yesterday, this year, but Hard news or a feature Hard news
or a feature Slide 42 Staccato Leads Short bursts of phrases Short
bursts of phrases Meant to tease readers Meant to tease readers The
Clash in London The Clash in London Slide 43 Direct-address lead
Inserting you into the story Inserting you into the story
Communicates with the reader Communicates with the reader Rarely
used in newspapers Rarely used in newspapers Common in public
relations, advertising Common in public relations, advertising
Slide 44 Question Leads Questions the audience Questions the
audience Answer the question quickly second graph Answer the
question quickly second graph Tease the audience Tease the audience
Combine question leads with direct address Combine question leads
with direct address Legislative roll call example Legislative roll
call example Slide 45 Quote Leads Literally open with a quote from
a source Literally open with a quote from a source Rarely used in
newspapers Rarely used in newspapers Sports, broadcasting Sports,
broadcasting Dont misrepresent in a quote lead Dont misrepresent in
a quote lead Beware of libel when using a quote lead Beware of
libel when using a quote lead Slide 46 None of the above leads When
is a lead none of the above? When is a lead none of the above?
Combining several types of leads Combining several types of leads
Slide 47 Creating Effective Leads Use vivid verbs in leads Use
vivid verbs in leads Enhance sentences, paint a picture Choosing a
lead: Which lead, and when? Choosing a lead: Which lead, and when?
Summary lead: breaking news Narrative lead: follow-up, feature
Staccato: feature, soft news Question: soft news, feature Slide 48
How writers decide on a lead Being creative: different from others
Being creative: different from others What their sources said What
their sources said Their own observations Their own observations
Tradition Tradition Their editors Their editors Space Space Slide
49 Slide 50 Chapter 7: Quotations, attributions Why use quotes? Why
use quotes? Bring a story to life Generate emotion Provide vivid
description Bring a dull story to life Slide 51 Types of quotations
Complete direct quotations Complete direct quotations John Doe said
that he did it, she said. Partial quotations Partial quotations
John Doe said that he did it, she said Paraphrased quotations
Paraphrased quotations John Doe said that he did it, she said.
Slide 52 Direct quotations Exact quote: quotation marks around
sentence Exact quote: quotation marks around sentence Most editors
allow reporters to clean up grammar or to take out profanities Most
editors allow reporters to clean up grammar or to take out
profanities Make sure quotes are right! Make sure quotes are right!
Beware of leading questions; use paraphrase Beware of leading
questions; use paraphrase Slide 53 Most important rule Never make
up quotations or paraphrases Never make up quotations or
paraphrases Shattered Glass: Stephen Glass Story CBS 60 Minutes
story CBS 60 Minutes story CBS 60 Minutes story Stephen Glass index
Stephen Glass index Stephen Glass index Slide 54 Why use direct
quotes? Specific, vivid statements Specific, vivid statements
Descriptive statements Descriptive statements Inner feelings Inner
feelings Capture personality Capture personality Supplement
statements of fact Supplement statements of fact Reduce
attributions Reduce attributions Slide 55 Which one is right? Text
quotes AP Stylebook: Text quotes AP Stylebook: Quotations normally
should be corrected to avoid the errors in grammar and word usage
that often occur unnoticed when someone is speaking but are
embarrassing in print. 2006 AP Stylebook: 2006 AP Stylebook: Never
alter quotations even to correct minor grammatical errors or word
usage. Casual minor tongue slips may be removed by using ellipses
but even that should be done with extreme caution. If there is a
question about a quote, either dont use it or ask the speaker to
clarify. Slide 56 Partial Quotations Using part of a direct quote,
often for emphasis Using part of a direct quote, often for emphasis
Can be confusing Can be confusing Be careful: Could draw attention
to a point, jeopardizing objectivity Be careful: Could draw
attention to a point, jeopardizing objectivity She told police it
was an accident when she hit the tree. Slide 57 Paraphrased
quotations Indirect quotes Indirect quotes Used when direct quote
dull, uninformative Used when direct quote dull, uninformative Must
attribute paraphrases to news source Must attribute paraphrases to
news source When in doubt, paraphrase When in doubt, paraphrase
Slide 58 Pitfalls to avoid in quoting Inaccuracies from source
Inaccuracies from source Rambling on and on Rambling on and on
Hard-to-understand quotations Hard-to-understand quotations
Reconstructed quotations Reconstructed quotations Fragmentary
quotations Fragmentary quotations Ungrammatical: If it doesnt make
sense, dont use it Ungrammatical: If it doesnt make sense, dont use
it Use good taste Use good taste Watch out for offensive language
Watch out for offensive language Be certain when using dialect: Be
certain when using dialect: North Country, Fargo Slide 59 Use
objective verbs of attribution Straight news stories Straight news
stories Use neutral verbs: said, added Said isnt boring readers
expect it Said isnt boring readers expect it No need to be creative
No need to be creative Avoid asserted, bellowed, contended, cried,
declared, demanded, emphasized, harangued, hinted, maintained,
opined, stammered, stated, stressed Slide 60 Identification in
attributions Usually identify source by title, name Usually
identify source by title, name Follow guidelines in AP Stylebook
Follow guidelines in AP Stylebook Title often used to streamline
lead Title often used to streamline lead Be cautious with hearsay
attribution Be cautious with hearsay attribution Using a quote from
a police report Slide 61 Placement of attributions Usually follows
the quotation Usually follows the quotation Normally follows first
sentence in multiple sentence quote Normally follows first sentence
in multiple sentence quote When sources change, new attribution
needed When sources change, new attribution needed Use attribution
once in a quotation Use attribution once in a quotation Use
attribution between complete, partial quotes Use attribution
between complete, partial quotes Slide 62 Anonymous sources On the
record: Everything can be used On the record: Everything can be
used Off the record: Nothing can be used Off the record: Nothing
can be used On background: Material can be used, no attribution by
name On background: Material can be used, no attribution by name On
deep background: Can be used, with no attribution; can get
confirmation On deep background: Can be used, with no attribution;
can get confirmation All the Presidents Men: Woodward &
Bernstein Slide 63 Judith Miller/CIA leak case Whos Judith Miller?
Whos Judith Miller? Slide 64 Where the quote marks go Useful
checklist: Pages 110-112 of text 1. Jones said, We will be there
tomorrow. 2. Jones said that he would be there Wednesday. 3. He
will be there Wednesday, Jones said. 4. All our transcontinental
flights are full, she said. 5. Coach Jones said that it was his
dumbest mistake: deciding to start an untested freshman at
quarterback. 6. Coach Jones asked his team, Can we win this game?
7. Johnsons plea to win this game for the community really fired us
up, Smith said. Slide 65 8. Were so enthusiastic about this project
that we cant stop thinking about it, Jones said. 9. Were so
enthusiastic about this project that we cant stop thinking about
it, Jones said. We look forward to getting council approval. We
hope that will come at the next meeting. 10. Get in there now, the
coach said, before I make you run extra laps. 11. I think it is
wise to lengthen the school year, Smith said. It would be ludicrous
to do so, Johnson said. Slide 66 Slide 67 Chapter 10: Interviewing
Three main stages: Three main stages: Research Setting up the
interview Questions and answers Slide 68 Research Morgues :
Newspaper libraries Morgues : Newspaper libraries Dead stories kept
until needed for background Electronic archives Internet Internet
http://www2.assignmenteditor.com http://www2.assignmenteditor.com
Bound volumes of the paper Bound volumes of the paper Files,
earlier stories Files, earlier stories University, public libraries
University, public libraries Slide 69 Setting up the interview Make
an appointment Make an appointment Call or email your source, time
permitting Identify yourself as reporter, name publication Identify
yourself as reporter, name publication Set length of interview in
advance Set length of interview in advance Half hour, hour, over
lunch Make interview convenient for source Make interview
convenient for source Describe the story Describe the story Dress
the part Dress the part Be on time! Be on time! Slide 70
Structuring the interview Funnel interview: Most common Funnel
interview: Most common Begin with general background questions
Open-ended questions End with closed-ended or adversarial questions
Inverted-funnel interview Inverted-funnel interview Key questions
asked immediately Breaking news, sources used to interviews Slide
71 Asking questions Do your homework! Do your homework! Write out
your questions Write out your questions Use reporters notebook,
refer back to them Let the conversation flow other questions often
answered Make eye contact Example: Senator interview Slide 72
Closed-ended questions Closed-ended questions Asked to get precise
answer Useful when already know the answer, need confirmation Used
when source is comfortable Dont be hostile! Open-ended questions
Open-ended questions Useful when have more time Often learn
unexpected information Gets sources opinions, feelings Anything
else to add? Anything Im forgetting? Slide 73 Personal questions
Personal questions Tough to ask personal questions after a tragedy
Be compassionate, sympathetic Do homework, try to interview in
person Break ice with general questions Soften the question: I know
youre busy; sorry to bother you Examples: Sunshine hits the
accelerator Flash flood in Buffalo Slide 74 Frame questions to fit
the storys purpose Frame questions to fit the storys purpose Every
story needs theme, purpose Focus on the purpose when asking
questions Refer back to questions Establish rapport Establish
rapport Tell sources who you are, what you are doing Listen, dont
argue Thank sources for their time Set timeframe for the interview
Slide 75 What to do with hostile sources Youre not a lawyer: avoid
hostile questions Youre not a lawyer: avoid hostile questions Save
tough questions for end of interview Save tough questions for end
of interview Be sympathetic, understanding Be sympathetic,
understanding Reason with the source Reason with the source Try to
understand sources position Try to understand sources position
Repeat damaging things that have been said about a source Repeat
damaging things that have been said about a source Keep asking
questions Keep asking questions Slide 76 Making, using observations
Whats unusual or common? Whats unusual or common? Observe
surroundings Demeanor of source Personal features Examples:
Examples: Successful business leader interview Train, doll
collectors Slide 77 Write fast! Take a lot of notes Take a lot of
notes Listen, dont try to get down all the quotes Never can have
too many notes! Take notes even if using tape recorder Battery or
tape failure, operator error Using a tape recorder Ask permission
Can be time consuming Slide 78 Telephone interview Telephone
interview Type your notes Identify yourself Ask permission to tape
record Email interview Email interview Tough to ask follow-up
questions Identify yourself Spell out deadline Ask for follow-up
call Impersonal; not always the easiest Slide 79 After the
interview Thank source Thank source Ask for best way to reach the
source phone or email it have additional questions Ask for best way
to reach the source phone or email it have additional questions
Never agree to show the source a story once its written Never agree
to show the source a story once its written Slide 80 In-class
assignment for tonight To help you develop interviewing skills,
during tonights class you will be interviewing Lucy Kragness. She
will review her background, and you will ask her questions. Assume
story assignment for the Statesman To prepare, review website,
write out questions in advance. http://www.d.umn.edu/~lkragnes
http://www.d.umn.edu/~lkragnes Start story in class, email final
five paragraph story, written in Microsoft Word, saved as a Rich
Text Format (RTF) file and sent as an attachment by Wednesday
(September 26) to: [email protected] [email protected] Story will
not be graded; all receive 5 points Watch style errors! Slide 81
Introductions Instructor: Lucy Kragness Instructor: Lucy Kragness
University of Minnesota Duluth Experience 3/96 to present:
Executive Assistant to the Chancellor 1/05 to present: Jour 2001
instructor 10/90 to 3/96: Alumni Director, University Relations
8/90 to 10/90: Acting Director, Alumni and Media Relations 11/84 to
10/90: Publications Director, Alumni and Media Relations 3/89 to
5/94: Taught Publications Editing, a three-credit spring quarter
journalism course 6/85 to 6/90: Volunteer editorial adviser,
Statesman student newspaper Freelance Experience: 7/86 to present:
Freelance writer, photographer for several regional and national
publications Slide 82 Newspaper Experience: 9/83 to 9/84:
One-person bureau in Sheridan, Wyo., for the Billings Gazette in
Billings, Mont. 3/81 to 9/83: Assistant state editor at the
Billings Gazette in Billings, Mont. 3/80 to 3/81: Managing editor
of the Williston Daily Herald, Plains Reporter (weekly) and the
Williston Basin Reporter (bi- weekly), all in Williston, N.D. 11/79
to 3/80: Assistant managing editor/Sunday editor at the Williston
Daily Herald 6/79 to 11/79: Reporter, business editor at the
Williston Daily Herald 11/78 to 6/79: Assistant editor at the
Northeaster newspaper in Minneapolis. Education: Master of
Education in Educational Computing and Technology, University of
Minnesota Duluth, 2001. Bachelor of Arts in Journalism, School of
Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, 1979. Slide 83 Portfolio Store academic information on
your Electronic Portfolio. Each student has 100 mb of storage.
Store academic information on your Electronic Portfolio. Each
student has 100 mb of storage. Access Electronic Portfolio at:
https://portfolio.umn.edu/portfolio/index.j sp Access Electronic
Portfolio at: https://portfolio.umn.edu/portfolio/index.j sp
https://portfolio.umn.edu/portfolio/index.j sp
https://portfolio.umn.edu/portfolio/index.j sp
