1914: Wilson urges Americans to be “neutral in thought and deed.”

Isolationists warn of being dragged into war & of “Entangling Alliances”

1915: Preparedness Lusitania & the “Arabic Pledge”

1916: Election YearWilson reminds America that “he kept us out of war.”

1917: From “Peace Without Victory” Zimmermann Telegram Resumption of Unrestricted Submarine Warfare To a war to make the “world safe for democracy”

Isolationism

Immigrants That Identified with Central Powers

U.S. benefits from trade with Allied Powers

U.S. military is ill-prepared for war

Organized anti-war movement

1) Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at 2) Freedom of the seas3) Removal of economic barriers and equality of trade4) Reduction of armaments5) Adjustment of colonial claims, equal weight given to the colonized &

colonizers6-13) Evacuation & readjustment of national boundaries: • Russian territory• Belgium• France & Alsace-Lorraine• Italy & its frontiers along clearly recognizable lines of nationality• Peoples of Austria-Hungary should be accorded the freest opportunity to

autonomous development• Rumania, Serbia, and Montenegro determined by friendly counsel along

historically established lines of allegiance and nationality• Turkish portion of Ottoman Empire; other nationalities under Turkish

rule assured security of life and opportunity of autonomous development• independent Polish state. 14) An association of nations for the purpose of mutual guarantees of

political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike