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Weight Loss Surgery East Carolina University
Our Program: Before, During, and After…
Goals and Objectives
Describe obesity and health effects of obesity
Describe weight loss surgeries offered by East Carolina University (ECU)
Describe pre-operative work-up and post-operative care related to weight loss surgery
Our Informational Materials
This is not intended to persuade you to have surgery and should NOT be considered medical advice
Only you, your family, your medical doctor, and your surgeon know if bariatric surgery is right for you
Further information regarding the appropriate surgery for you will be discussed in person with the surgeon at your first visit
Why have your surgery with ECU?
Our surgeons are highly qualified experts We are involved in research We have an array of services aimed at
providing care to morbidly obese clients and their families
We genuinely want to help you reach your goals
Choosing a Surgeon
You or your doctor may choose a specific surgeon from our practice to see.
The surgeon that you select may require additional
personal or medical information in order to schedule an appointment.
Once you have established a relationship with our surgeons, you should then follow only their advice and educational materials
What is Morbid Obesity?
Being 100 pounds over “ideal weight” (your ideal body weight will be calculated during your first
visit with your surgeon)
Using the Body Mass Index (BMI) Morbid Obesity is defined as a person:
-BMI of 40 or higher
OR-BMI of 35 or higher with co-morbidities related to
morbid obesity
What’s My BMI?
Using the Body Mass Index Used to determine if
you qualify for surgery
Measures obesity based on weight and height
Different Perceptions of Society
In the Past: Obesity was seen as a weakness or failure of
individual Diet and exercise were prescribed treatments Weight loss surgery was viewed as dangerous
and extreme
Now in the Present: Obesity is considered a disease and the cause
of many serious health conditions Surgery has gained acceptance as the only
proven method to treat this disease
What are the impacts of Obesity??
Social Implications• Unfortunately, still an acceptable form of social
discrimination
Economic Implications• Personal cost = $15,568 per year (diets, food,
prescriptions)• National cost = $200 billion
• $93 billion in medical bills• $33 billion on weight-loss products/services
Medical and Health Implications• With BMI > 30
• 70% increase in coronary artery disease• 75% increase in stroke• 400% increase in diabetes• 55% increase in mortality
Co-Morbidities with Obesity
High Blood Pressure Heart Disease
Congestive Heart Failure Swelling (legs, feet)
Diabetes Sleep Apnea
Degenerative Joint Disease DVT (Blood Clots)
Shortness of Breath Acid Reflux
Stress Incontinence Depression
Irregular Menstrual Cycles
Gallbladder Disease
What are your options??
Source: Adkinson, Am J. Clinical Nutrition, 1994
1. Diet, Exercise, Behavioral Changes -up to 10% loss of excess body weight -ineffective long-term, less than 5% sustain significant weight loss2. Weight Loss Drugs -minimal sustained weight loss -side effects prevent long-term use3. Weight-Loss Surgery -55 to 75% loss of excess body weight
Who Qualifies for Weight-Loss Surgery?
Clinical Terms Used to Describe Various Levels of Body Fat
Normal Weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9)
Overweight(BMI 25 to 29.9)
Obese(BMI 30 to 34.9)
Severely Obese(BMI 35 to 39.9 )
Morbidly Obese(BMI 40 or more)
BMI 18.5-24.9 BMI 25-29.9 BMI 30-34.9 BMI 35-39.9 BMI>40
Characteristics of Potential Candidates
100 pounds above your Ideal Body Weight Body Mass Index:
-40 or greater with no co-morbidities-35 or greater with co-morbidities
Age of 18 to 65+ (assessed on individual basis) Failed attempts at weight loss Health complications related to obesity No psychological contraindications Understanding of the surgery/risks Compliance with diet/exercise requirements
Most Common Surgical Options Gastric Bypass (GBP) LAP-BAND System
Restrictive and malabsorptive
Roux-en-Y Bypass
LAP BAND
Restrictive
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Advantages Rapid initial weight loss Laparoscopic approach is possible Longer experience in USA Takes 1-2 hours
Disadvantages Stomach cutting, stapling and
intestinal re-routing required Portion of digestive tract is
bypassed, resulting in nutritional deficiencies
“Dumping syndrome” can occur Non-adjustable Extremely difficult to reverse
What is Dumping Syndrome?
Stomach contents move too rapidly through the small intestines following surgery
Does not happen with the band. Avoid by following prescribed diet
Symptoms: Rapid heart beat, Headache, Sweating, Nausea,
Dizziness, DiarrheaLightheadedness, Stomach cramping, Sleepiness
The LAP-BAND System
Advantages Lowest mortality and
complication rate Least invasive surgical approach No stapling, cutting, or intestinal re-routing Adjustable Reversible Low malnutrition risk
Takes 1 hour/ outpatient surgery
Disadvantages Slower initial weight loss than
Gastric Bypass Regular follow-up critical for
optimal results: Need adjustments
Requires implanted medical device
Comparing Weight Loss
Source: O’Brien et al. Obesity is a Surgical Disease: Overview of Obesity and Bariatric Surgery, ANZ J Surg, 2004; 74: 200-204.
What Surgery is Right for Me?
REMEMBER….. All surgery has risks Not all patients are candidates for
surgery Discuss your options with your surgeon
Possible Risks and Complications
Remember: there are risks associated with any surgery
Your surgeon will discuss specific details regarding each surgical option at your first new patient appointment.
Gastric Bypass Potential Complications
Early Post-Operative Complications:
Death (.5 to 1.5%) Spleen Injury
Pneumonia Bowel Obstruction
Abdominal Infection Bleeding
Heart Attack Anastomotic Narrowing
Leak from the Bowel Pulmonary Embolus
Wound Infection
Gastric Bypass Potential Complications
Late Complications:Wound (Incisional) HerniaStaple Line BreakdownBowel ObstructionWeight GainNutritional ProblemsUlcer at the Anastomosis
Band Potential Complications
Early Complications:Gastric or esophageal perforation or
injuryDeath <0.1%DVT/ pulmonary emboliBleedingSplenic injuryWound infection
Band Potential Complications
Late Complications:Band SlippageBand erosionPort infection
Your Appointments With the Surgeon and the Surgery Practice
You will have three visits with your surgeon before your surgery. Your first visit is called your “New Patient Visit”.
At this visit, you will do the following: - Talk with the surgeon about the procedure
- Explore financial and insurance requirements - Have a brief physical exam - Determine preoperative evaluations you may need - We will remind you to STOP NICOTINE PRODUCTS!!! You must be
nicotine- free 3 months prior to surgery, as well as after surgery!!!! - Have an opportunity to complete a few tests before going home.
After the “New Patient” Visit
You will receive a letter a few weeks later with appointments you must keep before your second visit. These will include:
Psychological evaluation Nutrition evaluation Upper Gastric Exam Blood testing (lab work) Anesthesia Consult
Also, if not done at your “new patient” visit: Chest X-Ray EKG ABG
Possible Pre-Operative Evaluations
(you may need these additional tests before your second visitif your surgeon feels it is necessary)
Other Lab Work Colonoscopy Sleep Study Upper gastric endoscopy
Consult with cardiologist Consult with pulmonologist Consult with vascular doctor Ultrasound of the abdomen
6 Month Program
Depending on your insurance company, you may have to complete a six month diet and exercise program. Please refer to the example progress note in your introductory handout. When you contact our office, we will inform you if this is your insurance requirement. If you do require a program, you will need to complete 4 months prior to being scheduled for your first visit with the surgeon.
Scheduling your appointments
Please do not miss your appointments!!
Remember: rescheduling may mean prolonging your process.
If you repeatedly miss an appointment or fail to show up for an appointment without notice, you may be dismissed from the program. This surgery is a lifestyle change, and we want you to be successful in your weight loss journey!
Making The Decision
Once your consults and tests are completed, you will have your second visit, called the “Decision Visit”
You will be seen in the clinic by your surgeon Tests results are reviewedAll questions about the surgery are answeredThe risks and benefits of the surgery are reviewed with you Research opportunities will be discussed with youYou will receive a prescription for a diet that we will instruct
you to begin 2-3 weeks before surgery.
Prescription Diet Before Surgery
We will give you the prescription for Optifast, which will be in the form of shakes (and the choice of one soup if you like) in place of meals.
This prescription is not usually covered by insurance. It is approximately 71$ per week.
This diet will allow you to jumpstart your weight loss journey.
At your first appointment, we will go into further detail regarding your pre-operative diet.
Insurance Approval Process
After your “Decision Visit”, our office will begin the approval process if you are an adequate candidate for surgery.
We will mail or fax your evaluations, diet and exercise history, letters of clearance, and personal letter from our office to your specific insurance company.
This approval process may take as long as 6-8 weeks.
Insurance Coverage Approved
When we receive insurance approval, we will contact you with your third appointment and surgery date!
Your third appointment is the “History and Physical”.
History and Physical Appointment
Includes the following:
Brief physical exam Discussion of surgery, risks and benefits Consent forms signed Update lab work and tests if necessary Must have support person present or your
surgery may be cancelled!!
Insurance Tips to Remember
- You MUST meet the requirements of all the insurances that you have prior to submitting for approval
- Depending on your insurance company, the approval process may be lengthy (6-8 weeks)
- You must check your SPECIFIC policy (or policies) to make sure weight loss surgery is a covered benefit!!!
- If your insurance company denies your request for surgery, the appeal process may be started. This can be quite lengthy and involved, so it is important to know from the beginning your specific insurance company’s criteria. We will help you to the best of our ability to meet these requirements, but it is ultimately your responsibility to be familiar with your individual insurance policy.
Helpful Hints Prior to Surgery
This is a weight-loss program! Any weight gain could result in prolonging, rescheduling, or cancelling your surgery.
YOU MUST QUIT NICOTINE PRODUCTS! We may require a nicotine test prior to having surgery in order to ensure you have stopped.
Multiple cancellations, skipped appointments, or just not showing up for appointments can result in prolonging the pre-operative process and possibly dismissal from the program.
Day of Surgery
(you have been approved and completed your third visit which is your History & Physical)
-You will be admitted to our Ambulatory Surgery Unit (ASU)
-An IV will be started-You will be given an antibiotic and additional teaching
by the nurse-After you have been prepared for surgery, you will go to
the operating holding area-Your family may wait in the family waiting area and will be contacted after the operation
Recovery
Hospital Stay: Open surgery (3 to 4 days) Laparoscopic (2 to 3 days) Lap Band (1-2days)
Out of Work: Open surgery (4 to 6 weeks) Laparoscopic (2 to 4 weeks) Lap Band (1 to 2 weeks)
-No driving for 1-2 weeks following surgery -No heavy lifting anything over 10 pounds for
one month after surgery
Gastric Obesity Procedure (GOP)Diet Following Surgery
GOP Level I Diet: This starts after surgery and lasts for 2 weeks Two ounces (1/4 of a cup) of Bariatric Advantage
in place of meals Between “meals” you may have two ounces of
non-sweetened, non-carbonated beverages. You MUST SIP WATER all day long No carbonated beverages
Home Diet Following Surgery
We will give you specific details about your diet following weight loss surgery. Generally this consist of:
Drastically limiting volume Limiting the consistency of food Limiting the types of food
Tips for Eating After Surgery
Do not drink liquids with meals, either drink 30 minutes before or 30 minutes after
Chew food well Take small bites of food Eat meals over a 30 to 45 minute time span Eat meals on small plate, use baby spoon
Eating after LAP BAND
Small volumes 2-3 oz. of healthy foods Similar restrictions as the gastric
bypass When you are not “filling up” than
adjustment needs to be done. Band may need to be adjusted 3-4
times in first year. Diet modified after each adjustment
How Much Weight Can a Patient Expect to Lose Following Surgery?
Depends on the surgery and the follow-up 75% of excess weight -with Gastric bypass at
the end of one year 45% of excess weight with Band but increases
to 65% at 2-3 year follow up with adjustments Amount of weight loss varies from person to
person Must be compliant with follow-
up!!!!!
Plastic Surgery Consult Following Surgery
There may be excess skin on the chest, abdomen and arms and legs
We can refer you to a plastic surgeon when the following criteria is met:
-After you Have Maintained a Stable Weight (12-18 months usually) - Your nutritional status is adequate - Your surgeon will ultimately decide when this referral is appropriate
-Insurance rarely covers these procedures. Document issues with your primary care now and after surgery.
Vitamins and Medications after Surgery(REQUIRED for LIFE)
Gastric Bypass 2 chewable multivitamins
daily (ex: Flinstones) Calcium Citrate or Tums 1000 mg daily Vitamin D 800 iu daily Vitamin B 12 250 mcg
daily Ferrous Sulfate elixir 325
mg daily (menstruating women only)
Band 2 chewable multivitamins
daily (ex: Flinstones) Calcium Citrate or Tums
1000 mg daily Vitamin D 800 iu daily
Tips to Remember!
After surgery, all vitamins and medications need to be one of the following:
CRUSHED
CHEWABLE
LIQUID FORM
Please speak with your primary care doctor and pharmacist to help adjust these medications. Some drugs are NOT safe to crush.
Females should not become pregnant for at least 12 to 18 months following Gastric Bypass. Pregnancy prior to this could result in fetal demise or neural tube defects
After the band surgery, it is best you maintain a stable weight loss and plateau prior to becoming pregnant.
You must follow what your surgeon tells you is best, and please inform them if you plan on having children in the future after weight loss surgery.
Pregnancy following Surgery
Follow-Up After Surgery
Gastric Bypass• Lifelong commitment• Every 2 weeks for first month after surgery• Every 3 months for the first year after surgery• Yearly for a lifetime• Lab work is checked at every visit
Lap Band• Life long commitment • 2 weeks and 6 weeks after surgery• At 6 weeks, you may have your first adjustment• Monthly for first year• After first year, surgeon will decide how often to see you• Lab work checked every 3 months
Support Groups
We encourage you to join a support group prior to surgery and maintain participation with the support group after surgery.
Ideally, you should attend the support group offered by your surgical practice.
Our Support Group is the 3rd Tuesday of each month at 6pm. Enter through the Brody Outpatient Center Lobby and follow the
signs!
Exercise
Exercise is an important part of your weight loss journey. Remember, surgery is a tool to help you reach your goals. You must do your part as well!
You will work up to doing exercise daily for 30 to 45 minutes per day
Exercise options can include:-Walking
-Bike riding -Weight Training-Aerobics -Jogging-Swimming-Water aerobics
Making An Appointment
The next step in pursuing weight loss surgery is a visit with a qualified bariatric surgeon.
If you already have an appointment with a weight loss surgeon, please keep the appointment, or if you are no longer interested, please contact their office to cancel your appointment.
Conclusion
Thank you for reviewing our informational material. We look forward to working with you in the future, and we are available to answer any questions you may have.
Please type in the following web address in your internet browser to receive your certificate,http://www.ecu.edu/weightlosssurgery/certificate.cfmPlease print out the following certificate and sign. This certificate is proof that you have completed our online orientation. Please write down any questions you may have on the space provided. You must bring this form with you to your first appointment with the surgeon, as this is a requirement for our program. We look forward to seeing you soon!
Thank You!!