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Welcome Back!Todays Focus QuestionWhat does it mean to be living?CatalystClassify the items listed on your worksheet as living (L) or nonliving (NL).Units 7 and 8: Physiology and Disease1. Physiology: scientific study of function in living systemsHow do living things work?

Disease2. What does this mean?Disease (3.)a disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs or symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injuryORa condition that prevents the body or mind from working normallyLevels of Organization

Organ SystemsNervous SystemEndocrine SystemCardiovascular SystemRespiratory SystemDigestive SystemUrinary SystemMuscular SystemSkeletal SystemIntegumentary (Skin) SystemImmune System (includes Lymphatic System)Reproductive System

Structure5 organ systems5 major diseasesNervous System: Alzheimers DiseaseSeveral less-common diseasesCirculatory System: Ectopia Cordishttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGq3L3yXV5c&oref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DaGq3L3yXV5c&has_verified=1Back to the CatalystScientists have determined 8 characteristics of living thingsTry and develop a list of 8 requirements for all living things at your tableOur list1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.Is Sammy Alive?8 Characteristics of Living ThingsCellsReproductionUniversal Genetic CodeGrowth/DevelopmentUse of EnergyReaction to StimuliHomeostasisEvolution

Living things share 8 characteristics:Living things are made up of units called cells: smallest functional and structural unit of an organism.Every organism is composed of at least one cell. 1.) single-celled or unicellular

2.) many-celled or multicellular14

Living things reproduce. There are two basic kinds of reproduction:

Asexualonly one parent and all offspring are identical; for example, binary fission of bacteria or amoebas.

Sexualtwo cells from different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism.

Living things are based on a universal genetic code (DNA). The directions for inheritance are found in deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA.The genetic code is basically the same for all organisms on Earth.

Living things grow and develop.For single-celled organisms, growth is mostly an increase in size.Multicellular organisms go through a process called development, where cells divide and differentiate into different kinds of cells.

Living things obtain and use materials and energy.

The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes is called metabolism.

Autotrophs (also called producers)plants, most algae, and some bacteria obtain their energy directly from the sun through photosynthesis.

c) Heterotrophs (also called consumers)most other organisms, rely on the energy stored during photosynthesis.Herbivoreseat plants and other photosynthesizing organismsCarnivoreseat the herbivores or other carnivoresOmnivoreseat both plants and animalsDecomposerssuch as bacteria and fungi; obtain energy from the remains of organisms that have died

Living things respond to their environment.Organisms detect and respond to stimuli from their environment.A stimulus is a signal to which an organism responds. External stimuli include temperature and light.Internal stimuli come from within, such as blood sugar level or feeling thirsty.

Living things maintain a stable internal environment.

Even though external environmental conditions may vary widely, most organisms must keep internal conditions, such as temperature and water content, fairly constant.

Maintaining a stable internal environment is called homeostasis (Greek, same condition).

Taken as a group, living things change over time (living things evolve).Plants have adapted to living in dry and hot deserts.Fossils of ancient organisms can be used to show how organisms have changed over time.

ChallengeHow can we remember these 8 traits?Growth/DevelopmentReproduction1 or more cellsUniversal Genetic CodeUse of EnergyReact to StimuliEvolutionHomeostasis