Welcome!Please find your carbon cycle diagram and read the board!

Time to put your thinking cap on!

Please get out your notes on Keystone XL and read the board.

Keystone XL Who, What, Where, When, Why? Summarize in your working group

Tradeoff statements Lame vs. AP!!!!!

Net Energy - The difference between the energy expended to harvest/produce an energy source and the amount of usable energy gained from that harvest

The more steps of production there are, the lower the net energy.

Concept is useful in evaluating sustainability of energy choices.

How is energy used in oil production?

Tar Sand production

Which has lower net energy – traditional oil production or tar sands? The difference between the

energy expended to harvest/produce an energy source and the amount of usable energy gained from that harvest

What information/data would you need to answer this question accurately?

Coal– dig it!Formation

Extraction

Production of Electricity

Biggest Reserves: US, Russia, China, India

Check for understanding! Explain how coal formation is similar to oil formation. Explain how coal formation is different from oil

formation. Name the four stages of coal formation. Which one is

NOT actually considered coal? What materials increase as coal ages, and what

substances decrease? Name the four countries with the biggest coal reserves.

Mountain top removal 500+ mountains leveled in

W Va 1.2 million acres of

hardwood forest destroyed Overburden (rocks, soil) is

dumped into river valleys, increasing turbidity and exposure to heavy metals and radioactive materials.

Surface mine/strip mine(Coal mine in Canada)

Kimberly Big Hole, South Africa a diamond mine over 1,097

meters deep. The mine was closed in 1914 but was later reopened as a tourist attraction.

Mirny Diamon Mine Serbia The mine itself is over 525

meters deep and more than 125 kilometers in diameter. The hole is so wide and so deep it is believed to cause a suction effect, which has caused several aircraft accidents in the area. The Mirny Diamond Mine is now considered a no fly zone!

Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah this is supposedly the

largest man-made excavation on earth. extraction began in 1863 and still continues today, the pit increasing in size constantly. in its current state the hole is 3/4 mile deep and 2.5 miles wide.

Subsurface mining

Risks – black lung disease, collapse, explosions from leaking CH4

From coal to electricity

From coal to electricity Major air pollutants: CO2, SOx, NOx, particulates, Hg

Using natural gas? NOx, CO2, trace of SOx

Natural gas vs. coal

2007 – coal provided 50% of US electricity. 2011 – coal provided 34% of US electricity. WHY?

Technology Strategies: trap pollutants at the source

Pollution control Selective

Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

captures 85-90% of NOx

Net energy – comparing coal/natural gas The difference between the

energy expended to harvest/produce an energy source and the amount of usable energy gained from that harvest

What information/data would you need to answer this question accurately?