1

Regulations Basics: Water Quality Sampling

December 16, 2015 Online

WELCOME!

This training is presented by RCAC with funding provided by the California State

Revolving Fund (SRFCA) from the California State Water Resources Control Board,

Division of Drinking Water (DDW)

2

Your Moderators Today…

John Hamner,Kelsyville, CAjhamner@rcac.org

Mike BoydGering, NEmboyd@rcac.org

The Rural Community Assistance Partnership

RCAC

3

RCAC Programs

• Affordable housing

• Community facilities

• Water and wastewater infrastructure financing (Loan Fund)

• Classroom and online training

• On-site technical assistance

• Median Household Income (MHI) surveys

Communication Tour

• Introduction to the online

“Virtual Classroom”

4

Control Tabs

Audio Controls

5

Attendee List

Today’s Materials

Chat with the room…

• In the chat box, type the name of your agency and number of service connections (or population)

6

Poll Time!Question 1: How much experience do you have with online learning? RN26

Poll Time!Question 2: Who’s in the room today? RN26

Slide 11

RN26 Is this still question 1?RosAnna Noval, 12/14/2015

Slide 12

RN26 Is this still question 1?RosAnna Noval, 12/14/2015

7

Pen & Highlighter

Military

Literature

Acting

Art

Architecture

Television

Radio

Line Tool – Famous People

Claude Monet

Frank Lloyd Wright

George Patton

Rush Limbaugh

Whoopi Goldberg

Charles Dickens

Angelina Jolie

8

Military

Literature

Acting

Art

Architecture

Television

Radio

Line Tool – Famous People

Claude Monet

Frank Lloyd Wright

George Patton

Rush Limbaugh

Whoopi Goldberg

Charles Dickens

Angelina Jolie

Performance Assessment Rating Tool (PART)

• 4 to 6 weeks from today• Email w/ today’s workshop in subject line• 3 questions – 3 minutes maximum• How did you use the information that was

presented today?• Funders are looking for positive changes• Help us continue these free workshops!

9

Questions?

Text your questions and comments anytime during the session

Today’s Presenter

RosAnna NovalRural Development Specialist – Environmental

rnoval@rcac.org

10

Regulations Basics: Water Quality Sampling

December 16, 2015 Online

Learning Objectives

• Provide the water system Operator with a working knowledge of the California Safe Drinking Water Act regulations

• Improve compliance with regulations

• Provide safer water in your water system

11

Today’s Agenda

• Pre-Test

• Background – Importance of Water Quality Sampling

• Water Quality Sampling• Sampling & Safe Drinking Water Act compliance

• System sampling plan

• Sampling required by each Rule (SWTR, DBPR)

• Post-Test

• Additional Resources

RN5

Pre Session Quiz 5 questions to see what you already know about water quality

sampling

Slide 21

RN5 Is this still true?RosAnna Noval, 12/13/2015

12

Importance of Water Quality Sampling

• Water sampling is necessary to “prove” that you are providing safe water.

• Water sampling is required for Safe Drinking Water Act compliance.

• Water sampling documents that water treatment processes are working efficiently.

Today’s Agenda

• Pre-Test

• Background – Importance of Water Quality Sampling

• Water Quality Sampling• Sampling & Safe Drinking Water Act compliance

• System sampling plan

• Sampling required by each Rule (SWTR, DBPR)

• Post-Test

• Additional Resources

RN8

Slide 24

RN8 still true?RosAnna Noval, 12/13/2015

13

In the Chat Box…

• In addition to bac-T (Total Coliform Rule) sampling, type one other type of water quality sample your water system collects

0

Water Quality SamplingRule / Section Type of monitoring

Total Coliform Rule Bacteria

Fluoridation Fluoride

Radionuclide Rule Radioactive elements (U, Ra, alpha, beta)

Organics / Inorganics Pesticides, herbicides, metals, other compounds

Secondary MCLs Color, odor, cloudiness

General physical ph, hardness, alkalinity

DBPR THMs, HAAs, bromate, chlorite, residuals

SWTR Turbidty, disinfection

LCR At-the-tap lead & copper

GWR Bacteria / viruses

Unregulated Chemical & compounds that don't have standards set

Treatment Process In-plant monitoring of treatment process

14

Water Sampling is Complex !!!!

SDWA Sampling

• Safe Drinking Water Act sets the standards for “safe water”

• Self-policing regulation

• Water systems monitor operations / quality

• Report to Primacy Agency

15

Sampling by the Numbers …..

• 95 contaminates have MCLs

• 15 contaminates have SMCLs

• 30 contaminants have NLs

• 30 contaminants on UCMR3

• 3 disinfectants have MRDLs

• 5 contaminants have TTs

(What on earth do all those letters mean?)

MCLs

• Maximum Contaminant Level

• Health-based standard

• Enforceable standards

• Do standards consider?

• Best available treatment technology

• Cost MCL list: http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/documents/dwdocuments/MCLsEPAvsDWP-2014-07-01.pdf

16

SMCLs

• Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level

• Non-health based guidelines

• cosmetic effects (such as skin or tooth discoloration)

• esthetic effects (such as taste, odor, or color)

• Comply or obtain waiverSMCL list: http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/documents/recentlyadoptedregulations/R-21-03-finalregtext.pdf

NLs

• Notification Levels

• Non-regulated contaminants that lack MCLs

• Monitoring not required

• Not enforceable if detected

• Response Level

NL list: http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/documents/notificationlevels/notificationlevels.pdf

California-only standard

17

UCMR3

• Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule

• Provide basis for setting MCLs

• 3rd round of monitoring 2013 to 2015

• Required:

• All system >10,000 pop

• 800 selected small systems

UCMR3 list: http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/rulesregs/sdwa/ucmr/ucmr3/methods.cfm

MRDLs

• Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level

• All systems providing a disinfectant residual in distribution system

• With Total Coliform Rule samples

MRDL list: http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/basicinformation/disinfectants.cfm

http://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-06/documents/compliance-disinfectbyproductsrule.pdf

18

TTs

• Treatment Technique

• Monitoring of surrogate in lieu of actual

• Cost or complexity of analysis

TT list: http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/index.cfm#List

Review: Types of Contaminants

California-only; no MCL standards

aesthetic effects

Chlorine residual

In lieu of monitoring actual contaminant

Enforceable, health-based standards

EPA contaminant occurrence survey

MRDL

MCL

SMCL

UCMR

NL

TT

RN10

Slide 36

RN10 Make activityRosAnna Noval, 12/14/2015

19

Review: Types of Contaminants

California-only; no MCL standards

aesthetic effects

Chlorine residual

In lieu of monitoring actual contaminant

Enforceable, health-based standards

EPA contaminant occurrence survey

MRDL

MCL

SMCL

UCMR

NL

TT

Questions?

20

Today’s Agenda

• Background – Importance of Water Quality Sampling

• Pre-Test

• Water Quality Sampling• Sampling & Safe Drinking Water Act compliance

• System sampling plan

• Sampling required by each Rule (SWTR, DBPR)

• Post-Test

• Additional Resources

RN12

System Sampling Plan—When do I sample?

Slide 39

RN12 still true?RosAnna Noval, 12/14/2015

21

Sample Scheduling

• Based on:

• Contaminant type

• Source Water

• Size of System

• Monitoring History

Reference: http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/pws/pdfs/qrg_smonitoringframework.pdf

22

Contaminant Type

• Acute vs Chronic contaminants

• Health vs Aesthetic effects

Source Water

Surface Ground

Sample Frequency

Changing Water Quality Conditions

More contaminants(presumed)

23

Size of System

• Population served

• 10,000

• 3,300

• Pressure zones, other infrastructure factors

• “Representative” picture

Monitoring History

• Increased monitoring

• Reduced monitoring or eliminated

24

Monitoring Schedules

• Unique schedule

• Complex

• Water system’s responsibility

• DDW & Every California system

DDW Monitoring Schedules: https://sdwis.waterboards.ca.gov/PDWW/

Web Tour

25

Monitoring Schedules: Review

MCLs are health-based enforceable water quality standards.

True

False

Monitoring Schedule: Review

Monitoring schedule are complex and unique to a water system.

True

False

26

Monitoring Schedules: Review

Source of supply, size of system, the health effects of the contaminant, and history of contaminant occurrence are all factors that determine the frequency of monitoring for a particular contaminant.

True

False

Questions?

27

Today’s Agenda

• Background – Importance of Water Quality Sampling

• Pre-Test

• Water Quality Sampling• Sampling & Safe Drinking Water Act compliance

• System sampling plan

• Sampling required by each Rule (SWTR, DBPR)

• Post-Test

• Additional Resources

Sampling under SDWA RegsRule / Section Type of monitoring

Total Coliform Rule Bacteria

Fluoridation Fluoride

Radionuclide Rule Radioactive elements (U, Ra, alpha, beta)

Organics / Inorganics Pesticides, herbicides, metals, other compounds

Secondary MCLs Color, odor, cloudiness

General physical ph, hardness, alkalinity

DBPR THMs, HAAs, bromate, chlorite, residuals

SWTR Turbidty, disinfection

LCR At-the-tap lead & copper

GWR Bacteria / viruses

28

Total Coliform Rule

• Monthly or more frequently

• “Representative” locations

• 100 mL sample size

• Analyzed for: total coliform & E.coli

• result more sampling

29

Radionuclides

• Initial: 4 quarterly samples from each source of supply

• Additional monitoring based on initial results

• Quarterly to once every nine years

• Uranium and Radium

Poll Time!Question 3: How often does your system test for radionuclides?

30

Primary Standards: Organics/Inorganics/Metals

• Initial: 4 quarterly samples from each source of supply

• Additional monitoring based on initial results

• Quarterly to once every three years

• Waivers ask your DDW engineer

Secondary MCLs

31

General Physical Samples

• DDW may require general physical samples (color, odor, turbidity) in the distribution system

• If required sample frequency is:

• >1,000 connections: 1 sample every 4 TCR samples

• 200 to 1,000 connections: 1 sample per month

• <200 connections, per DDW/LPA

Disinfection By-Products Rule

• Use a disinfectant?

• THMs/HAAs

• Quarterly in the distribution system

• Bromate/Chlorite

32

Surface Water Treatment Rule

• Treatment Technique (TT) monitoring in lieu of direct monitoring

• TT monitoring at IFE and CFE, continuous monitoring*

• Raw water sampling

Lead & Copper Rule

33

Groundwater Rule

• All groundwater systems

• Triggered by positive routine TCR sample

• Treatment required?

• TT monitoring

• 4-log virus removal/disinfection

Post-Session Quiz

34

Resources

• California Drinking Water Regulations http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/documents/lawbook/dwregulations-2014-07-01.pdf

• DDW Water Board http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/programs/index.shtml

Thank you for attending!December 16, 2015

RosAnna Noval

rnoval@rcac.org

Mike Boyd

mboyd@rcac.org

John Hamner

jhamner@rcac.org

This document was prepared using funds under Agreement 15-017-550 with the California State Water Resources Control Board; the total Agreement is for $3,971,379 and will produce multiple documents.

RN23

Slide 68

RN23 Insert correct date and trainer names and emails.RosAnna Noval, 12/14/2015

35

Session Evaluation

• Go to file, click on “close or leave session”

• Evaluation automatically pops up

• If it does not, one will be e-mailed to you within 24 hours

• Required for your contact hours!