Welcome to Class

Write down the four eras

(put them in the correct order)

Agenda for Today

• Hand back tests-go over– Correct tests

• Go over periods and epoch (notes)

• Create a travel brochure

Change Over Time• Scientists have discovered evidence of livings things

changing over time

• evolution - inheritable change in the characteristics within a population from one generation to the next– development of new types of organisms from

preexisting organisms– Evolution occurs by natural selection

• Major geologic and climatic changes can affect the ability of some organisms to survive.

• Use geologic evidence to determine how environmental changes affected organisms in the past.

Paleozoic Era

Cambrian

Ordovician

Silurian

Devonian

Carboniferous

Permian

Cambrian• Marine invertebrates-trilobites,

brachiopods

• Other organisms include jellyfish, worms, snails, and sponges

Ordovician• Brachiopods and mollusks started to thrive

• Vertebrates appear – jawless fish

Silurian

• Sea stars and coral

• Land plants appear

Devonian• Many fish appear-bony, some could

breathe air, others possibly made it to land

• Ferns, horsetails abundant

Carboniferous• Warm• Forests, swamps cover

most of the area• Fish and amphibians• First Vertebrates on land

Permian• Pangea comes together

– Lose the seas=mass extinction– Reptiles and amphibians survive

Mesozoic Era

• Triassic

• Jurassic

• Cretaceous

Triassic

• Dinosaurs present• Ammonite fossil

common = index fossil

Jurassic• 2 groups of dinosaurs evolved

– saurischians, or “lizard-hipped” – Ornithischians, or “bird–hipped”

Cretaceous• Common Cretaceous dinosaurs were T-Rex,

the ankylosaurs, the ceratopsians, and the hadrosaurs

• Flowering plants appeared

Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass Extinction

• No dino fossils found after Cretaceous

• Impact Theory

Cenozoic Era

• Quaternary– Pleistocene– Holocene

• Tertiary – Paleocene– Eocene– Oligocene– Miocene– Pliocene

Paleocene and Eocene Epochs• New mammals, such as

rodents, evolved• Early ancestors of the

horse, whales, flying squirrels, and bats, evolved

• Temp dropped 4ºC at the end of the Eocene

Oligocene and Miocene Epochs

• Became significantly cooler and drier – Antarctic icecap began to form

• Early mammals became extinct• Large species of deer, pigs, horses, camels, cats,

dogs • Grasses, cone-bearing, and hardwood trees

Pliocene Epoch• Animals such as bears, dogs, and cats,

evolved into modern forms• Herbivores flourished• Continental ice sheets began to spread

– Bering land bridge and the Central American land bridge formed = migration

Pleistocene Epoch• Ice sheets advanced and retreated several times

– Animals need thick fur– Migrated to warmer regions– Became extinct

• Fossils of modern humans were discovered– Evidence they hunted

Holocene Epoch

• Began as the last glacial period ended– ice sheets melted, sea level rose about 140 m, and the

coastlines took on their present shapes• Modern humans develop agriculture and began

to make and use tools made of metal

Create a Travel Brochure

• Pick 1 period or epoch• Include information about the environmental

conditions, animals, and plants• Make it colorful and creative

– You want people to travel there

• Use Page 218-226

www.kendricknovak.wikispaces.com