Welcome to “Decent Exposure” : High School, Volume IV

Welcome to “Decent Exposure” : High School, Volume IV

“Decent Exposure” will help you teach words explicitly and thoroughly, so that studentswill remember and use them. The words have been chosen on the basisof their frequency in serious literature, the kind of books that students read in school.Also, these words have synonyms, antonyms, associations, components,and forms that extend beyond just the single word that might appear on a vocabularylist.

By showing how these words are used in several contexts, students derive a 360°perspective as well as model sentences from great literature.

Contempt Ceremonious Morose Vapid Bereft Genial Nettles

Welcome to “Decent Exposure” Volume I

Countenance Profound Manifest Serene Sublime Prodigious Clamor Condescend Languor

Allude Feeble Alight Apprehension Sabotage Liberal Acute Emphatic Reproach

countenance The

The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald

of a stout old lady beamed

down into the room. countenance.

Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe

It was easy to see joy and courage in the fellow’scountenance.

A look of boding uneasiness took possession of everyThe Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain

countenances clouded with the tales of misfortune.The officers were impatient and snappy, their

The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane

countenance: facial expression Synonym: visage

Slang: mug, kisserSometimes used as a verb: to approve of to sanction to endorse

“Our school does notcountenance bullying.”

Frequency: Forms of thisword appear once in every 127 pages of text.

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profound calm which only apparently precedesThe

and prophesies of the storm is perhaps more awful

than the storm itself.Moby Dick --Herman Melville

profoundThe stillness was so

animal twittering somewhere nearby under the snow.

that he heard a little

Ethan Frome Edith Wharton

There was a silence, prolonged andunbroken.

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer byMark Twain

profound profoundlyMy mother couldn’t have more

disagreed with that.One Writer’s Beginnings byEudora Welty

profound: deep; deeply meaningful

Synonym: unfathomable

Antonyms: shallow; inane, superficial; facile; simple; obvious; glib

Forms: N: profundityV: OOAdj: profoundAdv: profoundly


The Scarlet Letterby Nathaniel Hawthorne

The physician a strong interest in the young clergyman.

manifestedThe reason for its unpopularity was soon madeThe Mayor of Casterbridge Thomas Hardymanifest

will bear chestnuts this year or not.Walden by Henry David Thoreau

no concern whether the woods The squirrels manifestationThe it took was of great interest to them.

Song of Solomonby Toni Morrison

Manifest: to show; to reveal

manifest

Historical References: Manifest Destiny: The belief that Godintended for the United States to extendits territory from coast to coast (WesternExpansion)

Communist Manifesto: The statement of the beliefs and goals of communism, written by Karl Marx and Fred Engels

Synonyms: (adj) obvious; overt; demonstrable(v): demonstrate; reveal

Antonyms: (adj) covert; hidden;subtle; obscure

Forms: N: the manifestationAdj: manifestV: manifest, manifests, manifested, manifestingAdv: OO


TheWilliam Wordsworth

sky and verdant fields filled me with ecstasy.

The ocean rolled toward me in a thousand

hues of blue. Moby Dick by Herman Melville

serene

serenely

Lord Jim by Joseph Conrad

The moon seemed to gloat over the spectacle.

serene: calm; peaceful

Walden by Henry David Thoreau

My is rippled but not ruffled.sereneity

serene

Synonym: tranquil Antonyms: turbulent; chaotic; tumultuous; agitated

Forms: N: serenityAdj: sereneV: 00Adv: serenely


I cannot believe that I am the same creaturewhose thoughts were once filled with

and transcendent visions of the beauty andmajesty of goodness.

Frankenstein byMary Wollenscraft Shelley

Seeing the Grand Canyon at sunrise was truly

The best cooking comes from the simplest but freshest ingredients and a sense ofcombining them just right. Such dishes are sublimeWhen I heard the choir sing in St. Patrick’sCathedral, I was overcome with a sense of

beauty and spirituality.

I dreamed of a

vision that delivered peace to me in my time of grief.

sublime: elevated; high-minded; spiritual

Synonyms: heavenly; celestial

Antonyms: mundane; vulgar; earth-bound

Forms: N: OOAdj: sublimeV: 00Adv: sublimely

Etymology: Sub: Under Lime: Lineunder the line that divides heaven and earthRelated word: subliminal (under the line of conscious awareness)


prodigious: plentiful; productive; bountiful; lavishly fruitful

prodigiousthe uproar of battle…

The Red Badge of Courage -Stephen Crane

ly.

Pride and Prejudice -Jane Austen

I like themEach lad had an income now that was simply

a dollar for every weekday.

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer -Mark Twain

prodigious--…a blood-dripping mass

Moby Dick -Herman Melville

prodigious

Synonyms: abundant

Antonyms: meager; puny; scarce

Related Word:prodigy



The sailors edfor pardon on the decks of the dock. Hamlet

-William Shakespeare

…an instant burst of

clamor: to create noise because of eagerness or excitement

clamor to be allowed to be let out.

The animals ed

Animal Farm -George Orwell

His feelings

Native Son -Richard Wright

ed

for an answer his mind could not give.

From the first, I was

One Writer’s Beginnings -Eudora Welty

ous to learn.

Synonym: uproar

Antonyms: tranquility; serenity

Forms: N: clamorAdj: clamorousV: 00Adv: clamorously

Frequency: Forms of thisword appear once in every pages of text.

condescend: to express a feeling of superiority when interacting with others

condescending

Men should speak to women in the language of truthand soberness, and away with the lullaby strains of

“Vindication of the Rights of Women -Eudora Welty

endearments.condescendingA sort of


concern and compassion…condescendingly.He would answerPeter Pan - J.M. Barrie

condescendThese two great commanders did not

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer— Mark Twain

to fight in person.

condescendedJem

To Kill A Mockingbird— Harper Lee

to take me to school on the first day.

Synonym: deign

Antonyms: revere; respect

Etymology:

con: withdescend: down

Frequency: Forms of thisword appear once in every pages of text.

Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man— James Joyce

of sleep

weariness

of afternoon music the

grace

the a

languor

languid

languid

languor

languorous

The Picture of Dorian Gray— Oscar Wilde

…dreamy, eyes… languor.Uncle Tom’s Cabin— Harriet Beecher Stowe

She opened her eyes in a state of dreamy, delicious

languor.

The Return of the Native— Joseph Conrad

Eustatia Vye drooped again into a

languor: a state of laziness or inactivity

Synonyms: lassitude; torpor

Antonyms: energy; intensity; industriousness

Forms: N: languorAdj: languorousV: 00Adv: languorsly

Frequency: Forms of this1,762word appear once in every pages of text.

allude: to refer to something indirectly, expecting the audience to understand the true intended meaning

alluded

A Separate Peace— John Knowles

to last night only by asking how Phineas was.

He allusions.

A Passage to India— E.M. Forester

They attacked one another with privateallusion

Jane Eyre—Charlotte Bronte

was made to the subject overwhich I brooded.

No new allusions

Catch-22—Joseph Heller

to prior communications that Major Major hadnever even heard of.

The vast majority consisted of

Synonyms: refer; imply; hint at

Antonyms: stipulate; indicate

Forms: N: allusionAdj: 00V: allude, alludes alluded, alludingAdv: 00


feeble: weak, usually referring to the aged body, but often applied to speech or ideas

feebleness in his muscles.

The Adventures of Tom SawyerMark Twain

He had only just reached middle age, and there was no

sign of

enfeebled.with your children when you became

HomelessAnna Quindlen

Up until that era, where you lived was at least where

your parents lived, and you expected to live there

Great ExpectationsCharles Dickens

Mr. Wopsle cried out, “No!” with the malice

of a tired man.

feeble

start a conversation.


Three or four times I thought I would feebly

Synonyms: decrepit; debilitated

Antonyms: robust; strong; healthy

Forms: N: feeblenessAdj: feebleV: enfeeble; enfeebles enfeebled; enfeeblingAdv: feebly


alightedI had from Joe’s back on the brink of the ditch when we came up, and had not moved since.


alight: to land upon; to touch down; to get down from a height; to arrive

alighting,


and stirred up the fire…We got a chair out, ready for Mrs. Joe’salighted


at his feet.Swooping down, they alight


as soon as we touched the town, and I took myself out of his hearing.

I resolved to

Synonyms: descend upon; perch

Antonyms: ascend from; embark

Forms: N: 00Adj: 00V: alight, alights alit, alightingAdv: 00


apprehension: fear and nervousness about a specific event in the future

apprehension.because I was in an agony of


All these things I saw without knowing that I saw them,

apprehensionexceeding a mere


As I walked on to the hotel, I felt that a dread,l much

or disagreeable recognition, made me tremble.

apprehensive look; they

all took deep breaths and then dived at the gnarled


She gave the other two an

stump between them.. apprehension.

As Mr. Kraler speaks, they all listen with

Diary of Anne FrankFrances Goodrich and Albert Hackett (play version)

Synonyms: uneasiness; trepidation; anxiety

Antonyms: eagerness; assurance; confidence

Forms: N: apprehensionAdj: apprehensiveV: 00Adv: apprehensively


sabotage: to destroy a plan in a scheming manner

sabotage

“If you wish to leave with your students, we shall not

our resistance or take arms against us within this

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hollows —J.K. Rowling

castle, then Horace, we will duel.”

stop you, but if any of you attempt tosabotage

One good piece of news is that the Labor Exchangewas set on fire in an act of

Diary of a Young Girl— Anne Frank

sabotage,

All subsequent crimes against the Party, all

treacheries, acts of deviations, heresies

sprang directly out of his teachings.

1984 – George Orwell

A day never passed when spies and

Thought Police.

under his direction were unmasked by the

1984 – George Orwell

saboteurs

Antonyms: support; assist

Synonym: undermine

Forms: N: sabotage; sabateurAdj: 00V: sabotage, sabotages sabotaged, sabotagingAdv: 00

Frequency: Forms of thisword appear once in every 3,488 pages of text.

liberal: free, generous, easygoing

liberal

liberalForms: N: liberty; liberalityAdj: liberalV: liberate, liberates liberated, liberatingAdv: liberally

Synonym: lenient; flexible; yielding Antonyms: rigid; unyielding

Related word: library

benefactor is to be kept a secret.

Now, you understand, Mr. Pip, that the name of

your

Great Expectations -- Charles Dickens

one…

Also, I was told what my allowance would be– it

was a very

Great Expectations -- Charles DickensGreat Expectations -- Charles Dickens

same

And he was so very free of the wine that he

called for the other bottle and handed it out with the

Great Expectations -- Charles Dickens

,when the first was gone. liberality


acute: sharp; intense; knife-like;

acutely.

Pride and Prejudice -- Jane Austen

Her head ached

acutest pain…

The Scarlet Letter -- Nathaniel Hawthorne

…a crisis of acutely sorry…

Native Son -- Richard Wright

…feeling acute.The longing to leave becomes

Song of Solomon -- Toni Morrison

Synonym: angular

Antonyms: obtuse; rounded; mild

Forms: N: acuity; acutenessAdj: acuteV: 00Adv: acutely


emphatic: strongly stated; emphasized

emphatically

Great Expectations —Charles Dickens

The other lady, who had not spoken yet, said

, “True, very true.”gravely and

emphatic


…he made an swing at the ditch with his

manacled hands.


voice,

“The boy has been a good boy here, and that is his reward.”

I heard her say to Joe, in a most

At first I was very afraid of going to places whereH. and I had been happy—our favourite pub, ourfavorite wood. But I decided to do it at once—like sending a pilot up again as soon as possible afterhe’s had a crash. Unexpectedly it makes no difference. Her absence is no more inthose places than anywhere else. It’s not localat all. I suppose if one were forbidden all salt, onewouldn’t notice it more in any one food than another. Eating in general would be different, everyday, at every meal. It is like that. The act of livingis different in all through. Her absence is like thesky, spread over everything. A Grief Observed

--C S. Lewis

Synonym: vehement

Antonyms: mild; unsure; tentative

Forms: N: emphasisAdj: emphaticV: emphasize, emphatizes, emphasized, emphasizingAdv: emphatically

emphaticemphatic


reproach: (v) scold, reprimand (n) disapproval

I wanted to make Joe less ignorant and commonthat he might be worthier of my society and lessopen to Estella’s

Great Expectations --Charles Dickens

reproach.

But he eyed me severely—as if I had done anything to him!—and departed with the words delivered: “Boy! Let your behavior here be a credit unto them which brought you up by hand.”


reproachfully“No, Joseph,” said my sister, still in amanner, while Joe apologetically drew back theback of his hand from his nose.


reproachfulShe made it a powerful merit in herself and alsoa to Joe that she wore this apronso much.


reproach

Synonym: (n) berate

Antonyms: laud; praise; support endorse; compliment

Forms: N: reproachAdj: reproachfulV: reproach, reproaches, reproached, reproachingAdv: reproachfully


Ceremonial: related to a formal ceremony

unceremoniously

“My dear Sybill,” said Dumbledore in a slightlyexasperated voice, “there is no question of throwingyou from anywhere, but Harry doeshave an appointment…”

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince --J. K. Rowling

unceremoniously

These extensive arrangements occasioned us to be

cut off in respect of breakfast.

Great Expectations --Charles Dickens ceremonious

As we neared home, Joe vaguely acknowledging

the occasion as an impressive and


one and went on ahead to open the front door.

way of renderingThis was not a very


homage to a patron saint.

ceremonious

Synonym: ritualistic, solemn

Antonyms: casual, everyday

Forms: N: ceremonyAdj: ceremonial,ceremoniousV: 00Adv: ceremonially, ceremoniously


Contempt: open expression ofhatred and scorn; open violationof authority

contempt for authority, fateTo punish me for my

--Albert Einstein

made me an authority myself.contempt on his face,There was an expression of


and he bit the side of a great forefinger as he watched a sea of faces.

contemptuously

locked the gate upon me.

,pushed me out, andShe laughed


contempt

infectious, and I caught it.

for me was so strong, it wasHer


Synonym: disdain

Antonyms: admiration, regard esteem

Forms: N: disdainAdj: disdainfulV: disdain, disdains, disdained, disdainingAdv: disdainfully


Morose: gloomy; sad

moroseThose around him had never seen the Count so

and irritable.

War and Peace --Leo Tolstoy

morosely silent.He fell

Of Mice and Men --John Steinbeckmorose and

Only old Benjamin was just the same as ever,

and, since Boxer’s death, more

taciturn than ever.

except for being a little greyer around the muzzle,

Animal Farm --George Orwell

morose and lonely, unloving

The clay of White Fang had been molded until he

and ferocious, the enemy of all his kind.

became what he was,

White Fang --Jack London

Synonym: melancholy, sullen

Antonyms: cheerful, sanguine

Forms: N: morosenessAdj: moroseV: 00Adv: morosely


Vapid: Empty-headed; mindless; meaningless mentally blank; without thoughts

vapid little thing, vacantly

pretty, curvy, perhaps fourteen.

She was a

The Moon is a Harsh Mistress --Robert Heinlein

as the glass eyes

of your stuffed fox.

Your eyes are as

Ulysses --James Joyce

ly across the street,

frowning a little.

The man looked

Atlas Shrugged --Ayn Rand

and a violet dress sat on the glass topof a cabinet.

doll with gold curls A large

Call it Sleep --Henry Roth

Synonym: inane, superficial

Antonyms: profound, sophisticated, intriguing

Forms: N: vapidity, vapidnessAdj: vapidV: 00Adv: vapidly


Bereft: grief-stricken; in mourning

bereft of her, so it must be.If he were doomed to be

The Mayor of Casterbridge --Thomas Hardybereavements ;for he woresustained a good many

at leas four mourning rings…

condition of his linen, and he appeared to have

I judged him to be a bachelor from the frayed


bereaved little things are

in black?”

as long as the poor

“Good Lord,” said he, “Camilla, what can it signify


bereft me of all words.

Only my blood speaks to you in my veins.

Madam, you have

The Merchant of Venice --Wm Shakespeare

Synonym: grieving

Antonyms: celebratory, joyful

Forms: N: bereavementAdj: bereft, bereavedV: 00Adv: 00


Genial: friendly, sociable; favorable to

genial

So soft was her step, it failed to make even a sound,

but for the magical thrill imparted by her

touch.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer --Mark Twain

genial had begun to beam under the

gin-and-water.

influence of


The course terminated, and Mr. Pumblechook

“Harry, that’s three of my little suppers you’ve missed

now!” said Slughorn, poking him

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince --J. K. Rowling

in the chest. genially

congenial with theThey would doubtless be generality of female minds.

Pride and Prejudice --Jane Austen

Synonym: gregarious; amiableAntonyms: aloof; sullen

Forms: N: congenialityAdj: genial, congenialV: 00Adv: genially, congenially


Nettles: thickets of weeds, usually with thorns

Nettles the windows, which were tiny and thick with

grew all around it, their tips reaching


grime.

bleak place overgrown with At such time I found out for certain that this


was the churchyard.nettles

Forms: N: nettlesAdj: nettlesomeV: 00Adv: 00

nettles, 1.As I saw him go, picking his way among the

and among the brambles that bound the green


Documents

Welcome to “Decent Exposure” : High School, Volume IV