Welcome to

Network+ Course

Why Certification?

IT Development

Universities ability

Employers and employees needs

Cisco CCIE Certificate

Certification Companies

Cisco ( CCNA, CCNP, CCIE, … )

Comptia (Network+, I-Net+, Server+, Linux+, Security+, e-Biz+, A+ )

Microsoft (MCP, MCSE, MCSD, ….)

Redhat Red Hat Certified Technician (RHCT).

SUN Solaris

Network+CompTIA Network+ Certification

The CompTIA Network+ certification is the worldwide standard for professionals with at least nine months of experience in network support or administration.

A Network+ certification demonstrates your technical abilities in networking administration and support, and validates your knowledge of media and topologies, protocols and standards, network implementation, and network support. If you have nine months of network administration and support experience, Network+ is ideal for you.

Network+ and Your Career

Many corporations recommend or require the Network+ certification for their IT employees.

Main Goals for this course

A requisite for CCNA Course

Passing the Network+ Exam and get the certification

Representing a solid background of networking knowledge regarding Network+ standard course

Computer Network Concepts

What is a Computer Network ?

Two or more computers connected together, having the ability to use shared resources on each other.

Two computers that are connected with a Network Cable through their network cards are an example of a simple network.

Networking Concepts and Components

Something to share ( Data )

Physical Pathway ( Transmission medium )

Interfaces for communication ( Network Interface )

Rules of Communication ( Protocols )

Network Types ( 1 )

LAN ( Local Area Network ) A local area network (LAN) is a high-speed communications system that

interconnects computers and peripherals that are located within a single office, a single building, or adjacent buildings

WAN ( Wide Area Network ) A WAN (wide area network) is a geographically dispersed telecommunications

Network.

LAN & WAN

LAN (Local Area Networks) -Limited geographical distance

-High Speed

-Local Connectivity

WAN (Wide Area Networks) -Unlimited geographical area

-Lower Bandwidth

-InterConnectivity

-Third Party Management

Network Types ( 2 )

Network Topologies :

1 – Bus

2 – Star

3 – Ring

4 – Mesh (Full mesh Vs. Partial mesh)

Bus Topology

Star Topology

Ring Topology

Mesh Topology

Network Types ( 3 )

Models of Network Computing :

1 – Centralized Computing

2 – Distributed Computing

3 – Collaborative Computing

Centralized Computing

All processing takes place in the central mainframe computer

Terminals are connected to the central computer and function only as input/output devices

Terminals connect only to the mainframe, never to each other.

Distributed Computing

Multiple computers are capable of operating independently.

Tasks are completed locally on various computers

Networks enable the computers to exchange data and services but do not provide processing assistance

Collaborative Computing

Multiple computers cooperating to perform a task

A network that enables the computers to exchange data and services

Software designed to take advantage of the collaborative environment

Network Types ( 4 )

Network Models :

Peer to Peer A group of PCs that basically operates as equals. Each PC is called a

peer .

Server-based Consists of a group of PCs ( called clients ) that request and receive

network services form specialized computers called servers.

Network Types ( 5 )

Transmission Methods :

Circuit switching Dedicated path is created between two nodes

Packet switching Message is broken into small packets

Circuit Switching

1. A circuit is established, an end-to-end connection must exist to transfer data

2. The actual data transfer

3. After data transmitted, connection is terminated

Packet Switching

Message is broken into small packets.

Allows interactive exchanges because of small packets.

Combination of message and circuit switching

Uses messages that are all the same length (called packets)

Packets may be 128, 256, 512, or 1024 bits long

Network Terminology (1)

Host

Client

Server

Workstation

Peer

PC

Network Terminology (2)

Backbone A part of a network that all

segments and servers connect. (Gigabit Ethernet, FDDI, Thicknet)

Segment Any short section of the network

that is connected to the backbone

Network Terminology (3)

Half-duplex A bi-directional communication

but only one direction at a time, such as walkie-talkie

Full-duplex Allows communications in both

directions simultaneously.

Network Terminology (4)

Broadband Vs. Narrowband

Broadband refers to speed in excess of T1/E1 rates

Broadband Vs. Baseband

With baseband the whole bandwidth of the cable is used for each signal (channel), but in broadband the bandwidth is divided into descrete bands

Network Terminology (5)

Broadband -Allow Multiple communication

methods to share a common media.

Baseband -Use single communication

method.

Network Terminology (6)

Bit -bps (bits per second)

-Kbps (Kilo bits per second)

-Mbps (Mega bits per second)

-Gbps (Giga bits per second)

Byte

Octet

Network Terminology (7)

Speed

Bandwidth

Baud Rate

Through put

Network Terminology (7)

Reliability

Availability

Redundancy

Fault Tolerance

Common Network Medias

Coaxial

Twisted Pair

Fiber Optic

Coaxial Cable

Thin-net (10BASE2)

Thick-net (10BASE5)

BNC

T-Connector

F-type Connector

Twisted Pair Cable

RJ Connectors (Rj-45 and Rj-11)

UTP & STP

Cross talk reduction

Industry standard

Categorized standards

Cat1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5e, 6, 7

Fiber optic cable

Single-mode vs. multi-mode

Higher speeds

Longer distances

More expensive equipments

Fiber optic connectors

Straight tip (AT&T)

Subscriber connector

Small form factor connectors -MT-RJ

-LC

Fiber optic connectors

ST (Straight Tip) Connector

Fiber optic connectors

SC Connector

Fiber optic connectorsSmall Form Factor Connectors

MT-RJ LC

Fiber optic connectorsSmall Form Factor Connectors

Small Size

TX and RX stands in one connector

Easy to use

Other general connectors

Fire Wire connector (6 pin)

Fire Wire connector (4 pin)

IEEE 1394 or more commonly known as Fire Wire was developed by Apple.

Runs at 100, 200, 400 Mbps (800 Mbps in 1394b standard)

Other general connectors

Universal Serial BUS

Up to 16 USB ports on each motherboard could be exists

Up to 172 USB devices could be connected to a device with the help of USB hubs.

Basic Attributes of Cables

Cost

Usable Length

Transmission Rate

Flexibility

EMI

Unique Features

Preferred Installation

LAN Standards

10BASE-2 (Thinnet)

10BASE-5 (Thicknet)

10BASE-T

100BASE-TX

100BASE-VG-AnyLan

10BASE-2 (Thinnet)

Advantages:

- Easy to Install

- Expense

Disadvantages:

- Reliability

- Fault Tolerance

10BASE-5 (Thicknet)

Advantages:

- Easy to Install

- Long life

Disadvantages:

- Industry support

- Fault Tolerance

10BASE-T

Advantages:

- Industry Standard

- Cable expense

- Installation Expense

- Communication Support

Disadvantages:

- EMI

- Distance

Fiber Optic LANsAdvantages:

- Capacity

- Reliability

- EMI

- Distance

Disadvantages:

- Installation Cost

- Cable Cost

- Equipment Cost

RJ-45 Connectors

Removing Sheath

Separate and set colors

Snip the ends of wires

Slide the wires into RJ-45

User the Crimping tool

Colors Order:

-White/Orange

-Orange/White

-White/Green

-Blue/White

-White/Blue

-Green/White

-White/Brown

-Brown/White

LANs100BASE-AnyLan:

- Lower Cost Hubs

- Supports Token Ring frames

- Deterministic

100BASE-TX:

- Using current 10BASE-T

Structure

- Most Common Technology

Network Devices(1)NICs

Hubs

Repeaters

Bridges

LAN Switches

Routers

Transceivers

Modems

Gateways

NICs

NIC Types

NIC Installation

NIC Configurations

-Jumpers & DIP Switches

-IRQ

-Port Address

-DMA Channel

Diagnostic

Network Devices(2)

Bridges

-Transparent Bridge

-Source Route Bridge

Switching Hubs

(LAN Switches)

-802 Specifications

.2 .3 .5

-MAC Addresses

Major Operating Systems

Microsoft Windows NT (2000)

Novel Netware

Unix (Linux)

Microsoft Windows NT

Types (Workstation, Server)

Peer 2 Peer Vs. Server-based Networking

Clients ( MS-DOS, Win3x, Win9x, WinNT, Apple Macintosh, OS/2, UNIX)

Directory Service (PDC, BDC, Trusts)

- Single Domain Model

- Master Domain Model - Multiple Domain Model - Complete Domain Model

Novell NetWare

A Centralized Operating SystemClients (MS-DOS, Win3x, Win9x, WinNT, Apple Macintosh, OS/2)

Directory Service (Bindery, NDS)

NDS: Hierarchical, tree fashion (Object Database, Relationship Management, Authorization )

UNIX

The Granddad OS

Directory Service

Access Methods: - Connection-based (NFS)

- Session-based ( FTP, Telnet, …)

OSI Reference Model

OSI is The STANDARD of Standards

Why OSI Modem is needed.

-Modularity

-Flexibility

-Interoperability

Layers of the OSI Model

Application ==== Layer 7

Presentation ==== Layer 6

Session ==== Layer 5

Transport ==== Layer 4

Network ==== Layer 3

Data Link ==== Layer 2

Physical ==== Layer 1

Layers of the OSI Model

Application ==== Layer 7

Presentation ==== Layer 6

Session ==== Layer 5

Transport ==== Layer 4

Network ==== Layer 3

Data Link ==== Layer 2

Physical ==== Layer 1

OSI Concepts

EncapsulationPDUsPeer connectivityup/down transactionLayer conceptsLayer devices

Physical Layer

CablingPhysical TopologySignals/ModulationsNoiseEMI/RFIDevices

Data Link Layer

Logical Topology

Hardware Addresses

MAC & LLC

Devices

Media Access Methods

Media access methods

Contention -CSMA/CD

Polling -CSMA/CA

Token passing

802 Project

IEEE 802.2

IEEE 802.3

IEEE 802.5

IEEE 802.11(page 102)

LAN Switching

Address Learning

Filtering/Forwarding

Loop Avoidance

Network Layer Concepts

Logical Network Addressing

Routing

IP Routing Concepts

Routable Protocols (113)

IP PacketsIP AddressingRouting TablesClassful RoutingClassless RoutingRouting Vs. Routed ProtocolsStatic Vs. Dynamic routing

Subnetting

CIDR

Subnetting

Supernetting

RoutingStatic

Created and Modified by Administrator

Dynamic RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

IGRP

EIGRP

OSPF

BGP

Routing Table

Interfaces/Next hop

Network IDs

Metric

Network Layer (Cont.)

Host/Router Routing Table

Layer 3 devies

Routable Vs. non Routable protocls

TCP/IP Protocol Suite(145)

Comparing to OSI page (145)

Goals & BenefitsIP(149)

TCP(147)

IP Internet Protocol

IP(149)

ICMP

ARP

RARP

Transport Layer

Connectionless

UDP

Connection based

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol

End to End connectivity

Flow Control

Acknowledgment

Error detection

Error Correction

Retransmit of Lost/corrupted segments

Ports and SocketsTCP & UDP Ports

Well known ports (1- 1023)

Registered Ports (1024 – 4915)

Dynamic/Private Ports( 49152 – 65535)

Ports Vs. Sockets(Page 161)

TCP/IP ApplicationsFTP (File Transfer Protocol)

Telnet

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

DNS (Domain Name System)

TFTP (Trivial FTP)

Finger

POP3 (Post Office Protocol)

SNMP (Simple Network Management)

TCP/IP ApplicationsIMAPLDP (line Printer Daemon)SFTP (Secure FTP)NFS (Network File Service)SSH (Secure Shell)HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)HTTPS (HTTP Secure)NTP (Network Time Protocol)NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol)

TCP/IP UtilitiesIPConfigWinIPCFGPingTrace routeARPNetstatNBTSTATTelnetNslookupWINS

Internet Sharing

Web Proxy

NAT

ICS

IP Configuration

IP Address

Default Gateway

DNS Server

WINS

DHCP

IP Pool

Remote Access &WAN Technologies

PSTN (POTS)ISDNFrame RelayATMFDDIT1/E1/J1T3/E3/J3OC-xX.25

Hardware Requirements

Modems

DCE/DTE

Remote Access &WAN Technologies

PSTN (POTS)

ISDN

Other Digital Connection Methods -DSL -Cable -Frame Relay –X.25

Public Switched Telephone Network

POTS

Local Loop

Demarcation (demarc)

Central Office (CO)

ISDN

Integrated Services Digital Network

BRI (2B+D)

PRI T1(23B+D) or E1(30B+D)

DSL

Digital Subscriber Line

xDSL -ADSL -HDSL -SDSL -VDSL

DSL Modem & Splitter

USB or NIC

Cable

Data over Cable Service Interface Specification

DOCSIS

Cable Modem & Splitter

USB or NIC

Frame Relay

Packet Switched Network

PVC -64Kbps -128 Kbps -….. -1.544 Mbps

CIR

BIR

Other Technologies

T, E and J series

Trunk Links

TDM Vs. FDM

T Series

T1: 1.544 Mbps

T1c: 3.152 Mbps

T2: 6.312 Mbps

T3: 44.736 Mbps

T4: 274.176 Mpbs

ATM

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

High Speed Digital cell switching technology

53 bytes cells

1.5 Mbps 622 Mbps

Remote Access Protocols

SLIP (serial Line Internet Protocol)PPP (Point to Point Protocol)HDLC PPTP (Point to Point Tunneling Protocol)RAS (Remote Access Service)RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)

Remote Connectivity

SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol)

PPP (Point to Point Protocol)

-Multiple Protocol Support -Configuration Negotiation -Authentication (PAP & CHAP)

-Compression

-Error Detection/Correction

PPTP

VPN (Virtual Private Network)

PPTP ( Point to Point Tunneling Protocol) -Remote client connectivity -Remote network connectivity -Remote Network diagnostics