音标

IPA-InternationalPhonetic Alphabet

国际音标 ｛元音

分类：英语中共有 48 个音标，元音 20 个，辅音 28个。单元音双元音

前元音中元音后元音｛ /i:/, /ɪ/, /e/, /æ/

/ɜ:/, /ǝ/, /ʌ//u:/, /ʊ/, /ɔ:/, /ɒ/, /ɑ:/

/eɪ/, /aɪ/, /ɔɪ/, /ǝʊ/, /aʊ/, /ɪǝ/, /eǝ/, /ʊǝ/

辅音

爆破音磨檫音

鼻音半元音舌边音

/ p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/

/f/, /v/, /∫/, /3 /, /θ /,/δ /, /s/, /z/, /h/, /r/ , /tʃ/, /d3/, /tr/, /dr/ ,/ts/, /dz/

/m/, /n/, /ŋ//l//w/, /j/

Vowels （元音） -pure vowels （单元音）前元音： /i:/, /ɪ/, /e/, /æ/

/i:/例词： he sea tree field短语： green leaves deep sea clean street eat the meat 例句： A: Would you like coffee or tea? B: Tea, please. A: OK. I have tea, too.

/ɪ/- /i/例词： pin ship hill chicks短语： a big ship fifty pictures Miss Smith interesting films例句： A: Is Lily in? B: Lily is ill in bed. C: Oh, I’m sorry.

/e/-/ε/例词： pen head leg well短语： ten pence very well expensive cigarettes went to America例句： A: How did you spend your holiday? B: I went to Beijing. A: Was it expensive? B: Yes ,very.

/æ/例词： apple lantern hand parachute短语： black cat mad man traveling bag matter-of –fact例句： A: Ann is traveling to Japan. B: How happy she is ! A: She is very happy.

Vowels （元音） -pure vowels （单元音）中元音： /ɜ:/, /ǝ/, /ʌ/

/ɜ:/- /ǝ:/

例词： girl bird work turn短语： early bird superb work thirsty person perfect search例句： A: He always arrives work early. B: But he wasn’t early this morning. A: You weren’t early either.

/ǝ/例词： teacher picture breakfast welcome短语： a glass of water a quarter to seven brothers and sisters a book about China例句： A: look at the clock ！ B: what’s the time? A: it’s a quarter to seven

/ʌ/例词： cup run jump flood短语： hurry up! trust us! rubbish dump mustn’t worry例句： A: It’s sunny today. B: Yes, isn’t it. A: My uncle will go to London next Monday. B: How lucky he is!

Vowels （元音） -pure vowels （单元音）后元音： /u:/, /ʊ/, /ɔ:/, /ɒ/, /ɑ:/

/u:/例词： zoo who food blue短语： a tooth for a tooth Sue and Lucy fruit juice two shoes例句： A: Look at my new shoes? B: Oh, they are beautiful. A: Your boots are beautiful, too.

/ʊ/-/v/例词： foot wood book push短语： good cook good book couldn’t look pudding without sugar例句： A: Where did you put the book? B: Which book? A: The book you bought yesterday.

/ɔ:/例词： fork ball morning airport短语： four balls score board morning glory sports reporter例句： A: I see two children on the blackboard. B: He is short. A: She is shorter.

/ɒ/- /ɔ/例词： cock shop job hospital短语： hot coffee long job on the box drop the pot例句： A: I have a bad cough. B: You must see a doctor. A: Yes, I must go to the hospital.

/ɑ:/例词： car garden star guitar短语： fast car half mast heart transplant stars and bars例句： A: You look very smart today. B: Thank you. C: What a marvelous dancer you are. Let me take a photograph of you.

Vowels （元音） -diphthongs （双元音）/eɪ/, /aɪ/, /ɔɪ/, /ǝʊ/, /aʊ/, /ɪǝ/, /eǝ/, /ʊǝ/

/eɪ/-/ei/例词： face rain cake wait短语： eight cakes waste paper railway station wait for the mail例句：A: It’s my birthday today.B: Happy birthdayA: Thank you. Come to my birthday party. And don’t be late.

/aɪ/-/ai/例词： sky kite write bicycle短语 : white lie high tide eye for eye silent night例句：A: It’s a fine day today. The sun is shining brightly.B: Yes, I feel hot. I like an ice-cream now.A: Yes, I do, too.

/ɔɪ/-/ɔi/例词： boy boil noise coin短语： a spoilt boy a noisy toy an annoying voice Joyce's boyfriend例句： A: Look at my toy gun. B: Oh, what a good toy! A: Shall we join our friends in the garden? B: Yes, let’s go.

/ǝʊ/-/ǝv/例词：　　　 coast 　 throw 　 boat 　 toe短语：　　　 Joe’s coat go to the window 　 load and unload 　 throw a snowball例句： A: Look! He has a boat. B: Is he going to row? A: I think so.

/aʊ/-/av/例词： cow house mouth trousers短语： shout out brown mouse down town round lounge例句： A: Is she milking the cow? B: Yes, she is. A: Is the cow in he house? B: No. She is on the dairy farm.

/ɪǝ/-/iǝ/例词： ear queer zero beard短语： the atmosphere here queer skier weary mountaineer experienced engineer例句： A: Let’s have some beer here. B: What a good idea! A: What shall we do after having beer? B: We shall go to the theatre.

/eǝ/-/εǝ/例词： hair bare pear chair短语：millionaire’s heir mayor’s parentssquare chairs careful librarian例句：A: Where is my pen?B: It’s over there on the chair.A: Thank you. It’s really there.

/ʊǝ/-/vǝ/例词： tour poor jury gourd短语： poor tourists tour from China furious jury European gourd例句：A: I received a letter from my uncle. He’s sick with influenza.B: I’m sorry. Is he still in Europe.A: Yes. He’s still working in London.B: He must speak fluent English.

Consonants （辅音） -plosives （爆破音）/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/

/p/例词： pig pot pond plan短语： pick up a pepper pot a piece of pork a pen and a pencil例句： A: Do you collect stamps? B: Yes, I do. A: Will you show me your stamp album? B: Yes, they are upstairs. Let me go and fetch them.

/b/例词： bus bed bench brush短语： Big Ben a big bottle beautiful blouses blue butterflies例句： A: Is this your handbag? B: No, it isn’t my handbag is not brown. A: What color is you handbag? B: It’s black.

/t/例词： tie taxi tap telephone短语： tit for tat tip of the tongue flat foot tale-teller例句：A: I’m hungry. I want something to eat.B: What about some steak? Let’s go to the restaurant!A: Yes, let’s go.

/d/例词： door doctor head wind短语： darling daughter dark red played cards listened to the radio例句：A: What did you do last night ？B: I studied last night.A: Did you study all night?B: No, I didn’t. I listened to the radio for some time.

/k/例词： car duck clock park短语： the back of the car ask question a quarter to six cool as cucumber例句：A: I like chocolate cakes.B: You do? Do you often have chocolate cakes?A: Yes, I do.B: If you want to keep fit, don’t eat too many chocolate cakes.

/g/例词： bag dog goat grape短语： good girl go to the grocer’s as good as gold get angry例句：A: Can you play the guitar?B: Yes, I played my guitar in the garden and song again and again with my friends last night.A: You must have had a good time last night.

Consonants （辅音） -fricatives （摩擦音）/f/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /h/, /ʧ/, /ʤ/, /r/

/f/例词： laugh fat fish family短语： fresh fruit fast food soft sofa feel fine例句： A: Look at Freda! She is fashionable. B: Her hat is funny. A: Look at her fur coat. It’s fabulous.

/v/例词 : vet village volcano television短语： lovely view village vet leaving arriving leaves of the vine例句： A: Who’s driving the van? B: I think victor is. A: Who is victor? B: He is my new neighbor, he has lived here for only a few months.

/θ/例词： tooth month thin thirsty短语： three thousand Martha's birthday healthy author thirty mathematicians例句： A: My father is a mathematician. B: No wonder you are good at mathematics. A: To tell you the truth, my father never teaches me math.

/ð/例词： father breathe that feather短语： smooth leather get together better than others another brother例句： A: Lily is taller than Mary. B: But Mary is slimmer than Lily. A: Look at them. They’re doing physical exercise together.

/s/例词： sun small horse bicycle短语： sleep soundly expensive cigarettes some books sit in the sun例句： A: These are cups. B: Those are saucers. A: They’re nice cups and saucers.

/z/

例词： zoo prize bees nose短语： jazz music close the windows these days zero animal例句： A: Let’s go to the zoo. B: Good. I like looking at the zebras. C: I like the monkeys there. Let’s go.

/ʃ/

例词： fish sugar shoe shop短语： fashion shops friendship association British shoes washing machine例句： A: This shop sells washing-machines. B: Do they sell air-conditioners, too. A: Sure.

/ʒ/例词： garage pleasure measure collision短语： an unusual collision measure a garage a great decision my pleasure例句： A: Lily likes clothes for casual wear. B: Clothes for casual wear are comfortable, A: I like to wear them in my leisure time.

/h/ 例词： hat hard hen high 短语： heart and hand high heels head-to-head happy honeymoon 例句： A: There was a car accident here last Sunday. B: Oh, it’s horrible! A: Were you here when the accident happened? B: No, I only heard about it.

/ʧ/例词： cheek chicken church watch短语： Chinese chess which butcher chicken and chips change much例句： A: Where are the two children? B: They’re having lunch. A: Here are some cherries for them. B: Thank you very much.

/ʤ/例词： jeep jug orange bridge 短语： a large jeep injured passengers adjust the engine orange juice 例句： A: I have an orange. B: Oh, your orange is large. Look! I’ve got a large sandwich. A: Yes, it is a very large one.

/r/例词： rose lorry rubber rocket短语： American waitress a married secretary grown up children French restaurant例句： A: Rose works as a secretary at the railway station. B: She does? She is a very pretty girl. A: Yes, very.

Consonants （辅音） -nasals （鼻音）/m/, /n/, /ŋ/

/m/例词： moon home medicine mountain短语： man-made make a mistake come tomorrow middle name例句：A: Mum has come back home.B: Marvelous.A: Mom says we’ll go and see a movie tonight.B: Yes, we certainly will.

/n/例词： neck tin night noise短语： neat brandy a negative answer telephone number harden the neck例词：A: What a nice postcard of the Grand Canyon!B: They are wonderful.A: Who sent it to you?B: A friend of mine.

/ŋ/例词： ink ring sing monkey短语： ring-ding rising diphthong strong string playing ping-pang例句：A: Do you like drinking tea?B: Yes, I do.A: We are advised to drink more tea than coffee.B: Tea is good for health.

Consonants （辅音） -lateral （舌侧音）/l/

例词： black light jelly lemon短语： early for lunch leg of lamb a glass of lemonade yellow jelly例句： A: Mum, is lunch ready? I’m hungry. B: OK, lunch is ready. A: What’s for lunch, Mum? B: We’ll have lamb and potato salad.

/l/

Consonants （辅音） -semi-vowels （半元音） /j/, /w/

/j/例词： yellow yacht yolk year短语： yolk yellow new year’s day new York university a tough onion例句：A: My brother was a music student.B: What does he do now?A: He is now in Europe working as a business man.

/w/例词： week whale win window 短语： weight watcher weave a web weeping willow wet wind例句： A: Don’t look out of the window. B: Oh, I’m sorry, I’m thinking of my dog. Today is a wet day. A: Do you think your dog will be lost in the woods on a wet day?

Consonants （辅音） -fricatives （摩擦音）/ts/, /dz/, /tr/, /dr/

/ts/students coats cats boats

/dz/heads reads beds hands

/tr/tree truck train trace

/dr/

dress drink drain dream

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