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Welcome to RAD TECH - AIntroduction to Radiologic Technology
Section# 8790
Tuesdays 4 – 7:10PM
(FINAL)
1
RTEC A INSTRUCTOR
• MINA COLUNGA, B.S.,RT., C.R.T.
Instructor, [email protected] or [email protected]
WEB page: www.elcamino.edu/faculty/mcolunga
2
Historical Perspectives– November 8,
1895:• Wilhelm Conrad
Röntgen discovered x-rays
– German Physicist
– University of Wurtzburg
14
• Wilhelm Röntgen in 1895 - discovered x-rays
• Working with Crooke’s vacuum tube
– He found invisible rays were produced. – These new rays could go through skin and
flesh – Give a picture of a person's bones.
15
17
X-rays – the Basic Radiological Tool
Röntgen’s experimental apparatus -Crookes tube
Taken 22 Dec. 1895
Collaborative Events
• Crookes tube– Air evacuated glass tube– Cathode side– Anode side– Electrical supply
• Screen or board painted with barium platinocyanide
• Low light work area19
Early years in Radiologic Technology
• Nurses or nurses aides taught how to “take an x-ray”
• NO special education
• Only “ON THE JOB” training
• Experience the best teacher
• The first Technologist is credited to be EDWARD C. JERMAN.
23
In 30 years
• Developed from a technical trade to one of a professionalism
• Once thought that anyone could be trained to quickly = “push the buttons’
• To now where it is considered a profession that requires analytical thinking and problem solving
27
• X rays began to be used in industry and medicine
• Years later, they noticed it can be harmful
• They could be harmful to:
– living tissue
– even cause cancer if the exposures were too great or too prolonged
30
HISTORY REVIEW
1) Crookes tube– With electrical supply
2) Screen coated with barium platinocyanide
3) Low light area
47
Accrediting Agencies for Schools (JRC’s)
• Joint Review Committee on Education in Diagnostic Medical Sonography (JRCDMS)
• Joint Review Committee on Education in Nuclear Medicine Technology (JRCNMT)
• Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology
49
Individual Certification
• Take an exam
• Pay a fee
• You then get registered
• Nearly all hospitals require appropriate certifciation as a condition of employment.
50
National: Registry Agencies
• American Registty of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers (ARDMS)
• American Registry of Radiologic Technologists
• Nuclear Medicine Certification Board
51
State Licensing Agencies
• Vary from state to state
• List of individual state requirement can be obtained at www.arrt.org
• Must provide proof of certification
• Fill out paperwork
• Pay a fee
• Sometimes take an exam52
Certification vs. License• ARRT
– National certification• R.T.
– Must take an exam• Pass with 75%
– Can take this after completing program
53
• CRT– State Licensing– Must pass ARRT or
other equivalent national exam to get this
– Pay fee to get radiography license (R)
– Take fluoroscopy exam and pay a fee for (F) license
RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY
• Radiography• Mammography• Computed
Tomography• Magnetic Resonance
Imaging• Quality Management• Sonography• Radiation Therapy
• Bone Densitometry• Vascular Sonography• Breast Sonography• Cardiac Interventional
Radiography• Vascular Interventional
radiography• Radiologist Assistant• Nuclear Medicine
55
5 Primary Certifications
• Radiography (R)
• Nuclear Medicine Technology (NM)
• Radiation Therapy (T)
• Sonography (US) (RDMS)
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR)56
Post Primary Certifications
• Mammography (M)
• Computed Tomography(CT)
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR) or (MRI)– Note: Both a primary and post-
primary track
• Quality Management (QM)
• Cardiac-Interventional Radiography (CI)
• Vascular-Interventional Radiography (VI)
• Sonography (US) or (RDMS)– Note: Both a primary and post-
primary track
• Vascular Sonography (VS)
• Breast Sonography (BS) • Bone Densitometry (BD)
• Registered Radiologist Assistant (RA)
57
MRI and Sonography are PRIMARY and POST PRIMARY
1)Can get formal education
1)On the job training 1) if you have a primary certification in
radiography, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy
2) meet clinical requirements.
58
SALARY RANGES RT’s
• New R.T. (R) = $ 23 -$40 per hour– ON-CALL + O.T. $48,000 – $83,000 YR
• Advance disciplines• R.T. (CT), (T), (NM), (S), (M), etc
– $ 30 - $50 PER HOUR
59
Radiography : Primary Certification
Mina Colunga R.T. (R)
Mina Colunga Registered Technologist in the specialty of
Radiography
61
RADIOGRAPHY
• Diagnostic Radiology– Technologist– Radiographer– Technician (Limited Licensure)
– Specializing in the use of x-rays to create images of the body including the skeletal system,chest and abdomen
62
Diagnostic Radiology
• Portable (Mobile) Radiography
• Surgery
• Trauma
• Fluoroscopy (with contrast media)
63
All types of EXAMS & PEOPLE
• Infants• Elderly• All classes• All ethnicity• All backgrounds
• Head to toes• Trauma• Special procedures• Critical patients• Walk ins• Surgery
64
MAMMOGRAPHY (M) –Post- primary certification
Mina Colunga, R.T.(R) (M)
1) Must have primary certification in radiography
1) On the job training to meet clinical requirements
Bone Densitometry (BD) – Post primary certification
1) Must have primary certification in radiography, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy
2) Meet clinical requirements
77
Computed Tomography
Jennifer Smith, R.T. (R) (CT)
1)Must have primary certification in radiography, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy
2)Meet clinical requirements
81
CT SCANNER
• Uses – Radiation– Computer
• Rescontructs images– Some in 3-D
82FIG. 1–9 A computed tomographic technologist uses a computerized x-ray system to produce sectional anatomic images of the body.
(Courtesy of Philips Medical Systems.)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR)- Primary and post primary
certification
Jennifer Smith R.T. (R), (MRI)
1)Formal education (primary)
2) Must have primary certification in radiography, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy. (post primary)
3) Meet clinical requirements (both)84
MRI SAFETY
1.Use non magnetic materials
2.Can cause harm to patient or employees
3.1 reported death from oxygen tank1. 6 years old
87
What are the differences between MRI and CT?
CT
• Uses ionizing radiation
• Can be used on any patient
• Fast
MRI
• Uses magnets and radiowaves
• Cannot be used on patients who have metal in their body
• Slow92
ANGIOGRAPHY is a specialized radiographic examination where the images of the blood
vessels of the body are demonstrated by injection
of contrast media
96
Cardiac Interventional Radiography (CI)- Primary certification
Mike Smith, RT (R) (CI)
1)Must have primary certification in radiography
2) Meet clinical requirements
98
Vascular Interventional Radiography (VI)- Post primary certification
JOE CAR, RT (R) (VI)
1)Must have primary certification in radiography
2)Meet clinical requirements
99
RADIATION THERAPY (T)- Primary certification
Mina Colunga R.T. (T)
• The branch of Radiology that involves the treatment of disease by means of high energy x-rays or radioactive substances
109
Radiation Therapy
• Medical dosimetrists are involved in treatment planning and dose calculations
• 1-4 year program
112
115Determines depth
Ultrasound beam is transmitted and reflected – as special crystal at the end of the transducer candetermine the type of tissue
Breast Sonography
• Post Primary Exam
• Valuable for Technologists that specialize in Mammography
122
Additional Opportunities
• Education• Administration• Management (QM)• Commercial• Radiologist Assistant
= RA• Sales• Application specialist
124
Radiologist Assistant (RA)
• Still not widely accepted
• Must have a primary certification in radiography
• Must meet clinical requirements
125
Other working opportunities…
• Registry (local)
• Registry (out of state)
• X rays taken around the world !!
127
Variety of Work Settings• physicians offices,• • clinical outpatient facilities,
• free standing imaging centers,
• mobile imaging centers
• portable services to rehabs
• Mammo’s to under privileged areas
• Urgent care128
Professional Societies
• ASRT – American Society of Radiologic Technologist
• CSRT – California SocietySociety of Radiologic Technologists
• RTEC – Radiologic Technology Educators of California
• International Societies, other state societies, other modalities
129
Complete Lecture• Everything is there
• You have to take few notes because you can refer back to it at a later date
• It’s your lucky day if you miss class
• Much like todays lecture
• Lecture goes fast- because you have all the information you need on the PP.
132
Incomplete lecture1. Bits and ________
2. Must __________to get all information.
3. You should _______ powerpoints, take_____ to fill in the spots missing or bring ________ or ___________.
4. _________ is _____-pace giving you enough time to take ______ and ______ to lecture.
133
Incomplete lecture 1. Bits and pieces
2. Must attend class to get all information.
3. You should print powerpoints, take notes to fill in the spots missing or bring a laptop or digital recorder. – Don’t have to print entire PP only the sheets that need filling in– Or use the page numbers as a reference to which bullet points need to be
filled in
4. Lecture is mid-pace giving you enough time to take notes and listen to lecture.
134
Skeleton Lecture • Topics
– The main points are listed
• Note taking– Elaboration of these topics will be given and you must take notes on
these topics
• Class – If you are not in class you will not get the information unless you have
a buddy that takes excellent notes
• Speed– Lecture is slower so that you can take notes better, concepts are
reviewed and explained in more detail
136