Welcome to Seminar 5We’ll begin on time.

Meanwhile, have fun chatting.

The difference between what we do and what we are capable of

doing would suffice to solve most of the world's problems.

Mahatma Gandhi

It’s SHOWTIME !!!!!!!!

• Welcome to Seminar #5 • How is everyone today? • How was your week?

The Road of Trials

• As the hero continues on the journey, he/she is faced with many obstacles. Campbell (2008) tells us, “The original departure into the land of trials represented only the beginning of the long and really perilous path” (p. 90).

• While supernatural aid is helpful, only the hero can complete the journey. The hero finds that “our conscious views of what life ought to be seldom correspond to what life really is” (Campbell, 2008, p. 101).

The Road of Trials (continued)• In many ways, the hero’s journey reflects the

growth from child to adult, where the child comes to terms with outside expectations and the world of good and evil.

• Growth from “my” group to universal brotherhood is encouraged, as is the departure from the world of illusions.

• The hero discovers the “interdependence of the inner and outer worlds” (Campbell, 2008, p. 139), realizing that his thinking produces results and that he can change the world.

A Tale of Two Murrays• The discussion focuses on two people

who both experienced homelessness. However, their journeys ended very differently.

• “Million Dollar Murray” looks at how others may be able to help the homeless.

• The author asks if we could save money, time, energy, resources, and lives by doing something about homelessness.

Liz Murray

• The Liz Murray story focuses on the hero helping herself.

• Liz faced nearly every problem imaginable: abuse, poverty, neglect, hunger, addiction, homelessness, etc.

• It would have been nice if someone had helped her, but Liz was on her own. Despite that, she rose above her circumstances to attend Harvard University.

Unit 5 Discussion• Think about these two articles.

Both Murrays faced homelessness, but their perspectives were worlds apart.

• We are each on our own hero’s journey. Should we expect to rely on the help of others, or should we expect to help ourselves? Do we have an obligation to help others? If so, how and how much?

Unit 5 Discussion• Posting:

– How would Liz Murray define homelessness versus Murray Barr’s definition of homelessness?

– What can you identify that made their seemingly similar paths diverge? Their journeys ended very differently. Why? What made the difference?

– Remember that our class theme is the hero’s journey. Did Liz and Murray hear the Call to Adventure? Did they answer it? How much help should the hero receive? At what point is it no longer the hero’s journey?

Review• Last week in seminar we talked about in text

citations. Let’s review:• What is the in text citations for the quote below?

• Quote:• “There are always choices to make.”• Author: Viktor E. Frankl• Date: 1984 • Book: Man’s Search for Meaning• Page: 75

Answers• “There are always choices to make” (Frankl,

1984, p. 75).• OR• Victor Frankl (1984), a psychiatrist who survived

the Nazi concentration camps, emphasized the positive saying, “There are always choices to make” (p. 75).

• Besides using an in text citation, where else must the quote be documented?

The References Page!• Whenever you use someone else's

words or ideas, the source of that material must be listed in TWO places: in the text and on the references page.

• The reference page is a separate page at the end of your work.

Beginning the Reference

• In APA format, references always begin with the author’s last name if there is an author.

• How would the reference for the quote below begin on the references page?

• Victor Frankl (1984), a psychiatrist who survived the Nazi concentration camps, emphasized the positive saying, “There are always choices to make” (p. 75).

Beginning the Reference #2

• The reference for the quote would begin with the author’s last name:– Frankl

• What if there were two or more authors? How would you choose?

• Authors: Jonathan Feng & Mark Trodden

Beginning the Reference #3• Begin with both author’s last names. Keep the

authors in the same order that they are listed. • Feng & Trodden

• But what if there is no author listed?– Author: None– Date: December 29, 2010– Article: “3D Games Can Ruin Children's Eyes, Nintendo

Warns”– Web Site: Fox News– Paragraph: 1

Beginning the Reference #4• Begin with the title of the article:

– 3D games can ruin children's eyes, Nintendo warns

• Note: When using the title of an article in the text, capitalize all the important words, and put the title within quotation marks:

• "Frozen Iguanas Fall from Florida Trees”• Note: When using the title of an article on a references page,

capitalize only the first letter of the first word of the title except for proper nouns. No not use quotation marks.

• Frozen iguanas fall from Florida trees

APA Reference Format: BookFrankl, V. (1984). Man’s search for meaning.

New York: Simon & Schuster.

1) Author's last name, first initial, (period)2) Publication date in parenthesis (period)3) Name of the book, italicized (period)4) CITY where published (colon :)5) Name of the publishing company (period)

*Note the hanging indent

Reference: Book, 2 AuthorsGreene, S. & Martel, M. (2004). The ultimate job

hunter’s guidebook (4th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

1) Author's last name, first initial, & Author’s

last name, first initial (period)2) Publication date in parenthesis (period)3) Name of the book, italicized (period)4) CITY where published (colon :)5) Name of the publishing company (period)

*Note the hanging indent

Authors & Dates• It doesn’t matter how many authors your source has. On the

references page, list them the same way as you did for two authors:– Bulliet, R., Crossley, P. Headrick, D., Hirsch, S., Johnson, L.,

& Northrup, D.

• If you have only a year, then use that: (1998).• If you have a month, include that: (1998, March).• If you have a day, include that: (1998, March 2).• Do not include multiple years. Take the most recent one.

For example, some web sites list a range of years: 2008-2011. Use the most recent date: (2011).

Reference: Article with AuthorWyatt, K. (2010, July 13). Colo. governor candidate

apologizes for plagiarism. Yahoo News. Retrieved from http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100713/ap_on_el_gu/us_colorado_governor_plagiarism

1)Author's last name, first initial, (period)2) Publication date backwards in parenthesis (period)3) Title of article.3) Name of web site, italicized (period)4) Retrieved from5) The exact web address of the article.

Reference: Article, No AuthorFrozen iguanas fall from Florida trees. (2008,

January 3). Fox News. Retrieved from http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,319971,00.html

1) Title of article (period)2) Publication date in parenthesis (period)3) Name of web site, italicized (period)4) The words “Retrieved from”5) The exact web address of the article (not

the home page)

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)• Because information on the Internet is often moved,

removed, or changed, scholarly articles are now beginning to receive a digital number by which they can be tracked, the digital object identifier.

• This number takes the place of the retrieval information that was used prior to this because the articles that have DOI numbers have their own routing system, one that should take readers to the article no matter where they have been placed on the Internet, even if they have been moved.

Using the DOI• If the article has a DOI, you do not need the

retrieval information. • All doi’s begin with the number 10, contain a

prefix and suffix separated by a slash. • Sample: doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225• Reference Format:Author’s last name, first initial. (date). Title of

article. Name of Magazine, volume, page. doi: 10.xxxx/xxxx-xxxx.xx.x.xxx

Matching• The in text citations and the references page

should match.• If you use an in text citation, be sure to put

the same source on the references page.• If you list a source on the references page, be

sure you also cite that source in the text.• It’s easy to get confused.

How to Avoid Forgetting to Include Sources

• One of the ways I avoid problems is by doing my reference page at the same time as I am writing my paper. 

• Every time I use information from a source, I immediately put in the in text citation (author’s last name, date) and then scroll down and put the reference on my Reference Page. 

• This assures that I will not forget to include all references.

In what order should the items on a references page be listed?

Alphabetical Order

• Items on the references page must be in alphabetical order.

• Always begin with the author’s last name.

• If no author has been listed, begin with the title of the article (You read something!).

• Never begin using a web address.

DATABASESDATABASES Let's talk about Let's talk about

articles from the articles from the Kaplan Library Kaplan Library Electronic Electronic Databases.Databases.

• Electronic databases are an online library. • Articles contained in the databases were originally

published in hard copy form in a magazine, newspaper, or journal.

• For example, the articles might come from such sources as US News and World Report, Time, Nation, Christian Science Monitor, USA Today, etc.

• What are the names of some of the Kaplan Electronic Databases?

• MasterFile Premier, Academic Search Premier, Business Source Elite, Proquest Criminal Justice, Newspaper Source, Health Source Nursing are all Kaplan electronic databases. Kaplan also has a number of other databases.

• On the reference page, how do you indicate that you have taken information from one of the Kaplan Electronic Databases?

Lord, L. (2003). A first lady of many firsts. US News and World Report, 135 (20), 5. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database. • Just like for an internet article, you must use the words

“Retrieved from.”• Notice how the end of the reference names the database.• The web address is not included, nor are the words “Kaplan

Library.”

Referencing Database Articles

Lord, L. (2003). A first lady of many firsts. US News and World Report, 135 (20), 5. Retrieved from Academic Search Elite database.

• Author’s last name, first initial (period)• Date in parenthesis (period)• Title of article (period)• Name of magazine, italicized (comma)• Volume number, italicized• Issue number in parenthesis (comma)• Page number (period)• Retrieved from• Name of the database.

Consider this reference

Lord, L. (2003). A first lady of many firsts. US News and World Report, 135 (20), 5. Retrieved from Academic Search Elite database.

What would an in text citation for this article look like?

And the answer is…

In the text: (Lord, 2003, p. 5)

The in-text citation and the reference page must match.

Reference Page:

Lord, L. (2003). A first lady of many firsts. US News and World Report, 135(20), 5.

Retrieved from Academic Search Elite database.

AUDIENCE AND CONTEXT

• Everything is written to someone for some purpose. The email you send to your sister should be written differently than a proposal you send to a business client.

• Knowing the audience, purpose, and the context is vitally important to good writing. Ask yourself: – Why am I writing this? – Who is my reader? – What am I trying to say?

What is Standard What is Standard American English?American English?

What are the benefits to What are the benefits to learning Standard learning Standard American English?American English?

Standard American English

• Standard American English is the common language, spelling, grammar, and punctuation used in the United States. – Its use is expected in higher education and the workplace.

• When you use Standard American English, – People can understand you no matter what part of the county

they come from. – You present yourself as being an educated person. – You show respect for the reader – You show a desire to be someone the reader can relate to.

When should you use When should you use Standard American Standard American

English?English?

When You Should Use Standard American English

• You should use Standard American English most of the time if not all the time. You want to get into the habit of using it.

• When speaking or writing to your friends or family, you are free to use dialect, slang, or any type of English (or other language) that you desire.

• However, in the "real world," the world of work, school, and careers, there are different expectations.

Which are the Which are the correct answers?correct answers?

Each of the students Each of the students (have, has) (their, his (have, has) (their, his

or her) own locker.or her) own locker.

The Correct The Correct AnswersAnswers

Each of the Each of the students students HASHAS HIS HIS

OR HEROR HER own own locker.locker.

Common Writing Errors: Subject/Verb Agreement & Pronoun/Referent Agreement

Subjects must “agree” or match their verbs in number (how many are we talking about?).

Pronouns must also match the words that they refer to. Again, how many are we talking about?

Common Writing Errors: Pronoun Agreement The word to which a pronoun refers is called its

antecedent. The pronoun must match or agree with its antecedent in number. Number simply means singular or plural.

The boy played with his bike. “His” refers to “boy.” Both “boy” and “his” are singular, so

they agree in number. The boys played with their bikes.

“Their” refers to “boys.” Both are plural, so they agree.

Common Problems with Pronoun Agreement 1. Singular Indefinite Pronouns are always singular.

Another everybody nobody Anybody everyone nothing Anyone everything somebody Each someone one

Incorrect: Each of the students has their own locker. Each (one) = 1 person Their = 2 or more people

Correct: Each of the student has his or her own locker. Each (one) = 1 person His or her = 1 person

Pronoun Agreement (continued) 2. Singular noun – plural pronoun Incorrect: If a person wants to graduate from

college, they must have good study habits. A person = 1 person They = 2 or more people

Correct: If a person wants to graduate from college, he or she must have good study habits.

Correct: If students want to graduate from college, they must have good study habits.