THE LATER ROMAN THE LATER ROMAN EMPIREEMPIRE

180 AD-476 AD180 AD-476 AD

ROME IN CRISISROME IN CRISIS

POLITICAL UNREST THROUGHOUT THE POLITICAL UNREST THROUGHOUT THE PROVINCESPROVINCES

WARFARE WARFARE MANY EMPERORS WERE MURDEREDMANY EMPERORS WERE MURDERED ROME THREATENED BY INVADING GROUPS ROME THREATENED BY INVADING GROUPS

FROM THE PROVINCESFROM THE PROVINCES HIGH PRICES HIGH PRICES ECONOMIC PROBLEMSECONOMIC PROBLEMS FOOD SHORTAGESFOOD SHORTAGES

EMPEROR DIOCLETIAN EMPEROR DIOCLETIAN 284-305 AD284-305 AD

DIVIDED THE EMPIRE INTO DIVIDED THE EMPIRE INTO EAST AND WESTEAST AND WEST

PERSECUTION OF CHRISTIANS PERSECUTION OF CHRISTIANS INTENSIFIEDINTENSIFIED

CONSTANTINE AND CHRISTIAN CONSTANTINE AND CHRISTIAN ROMEROME

CONSTANTINECONSTANTINE

RULED FROM 306 AD-337 ADRULED FROM 306 AD-337 AD CONVERTED TO CHRISTIANITY AFTER CONVERTED TO CHRISTIANITY AFTER

SEEING A VISION IN THE SKY AND GAINING SEEING A VISION IN THE SKY AND GAINING A GREAT VICTORY IN BATTLE (BATTLE OF A GREAT VICTORY IN BATTLE (BATTLE OF THE MILVIAN BRIDGE)THE MILVIAN BRIDGE)

CLAIMED TO HAVE SEEN THE GREEK CLAIMED TO HAVE SEEN THE GREEK LETTERS X AND P (FIRST TWO LETTERS OF LETTERS X AND P (FIRST TWO LETTERS OF CHRIST)CHRIST)

ROME’S FIRST CHRISTIAN EMPERORROME’S FIRST CHRISTIAN EMPEROR

CONSTANTINE SEES THE SIGN IN THE SKYCONSTANTINE SEES THE SIGN IN THE SKY

CHI RHOCHI RHOFIRST TWO LETTERS OF CHRIST IN GREEKFIRST TWO LETTERS OF CHRIST IN GREEK

(CONSTANTINE’S VISION)(CONSTANTINE’S VISION)

EDICT OF MILANEDICT OF MILAN

ISSUED BY CONSTANTINE IN ISSUED BY CONSTANTINE IN

AD 313AD 313LEGALIZED LEGALIZED CHRISTIANITY CHRISTIANITY

THROUGHOUT THE EMPIRETHROUGHOUT THE EMPIRECONSTANTINE TOOK AN ACTIVE CONSTANTINE TOOK AN ACTIVE

ROLE IN CHURCH AFFAIRSROLE IN CHURCH AFFAIRS

COUNCIL OF NICAEA COUNCIL OF NICAEA

CALLED BY CONSTANTINE IN AD 325CALLED BY CONSTANTINE IN AD 325 WORKED TO UNIFY THE CHRISTIAN WORKED TO UNIFY THE CHRISTIAN

CHURCH IN THE EMPIRECHURCH IN THE EMPIRE ESTABLISHED THE ESTABLISHED THE NICENE CREEDNICENE CREED

TO COMBAT FALSE TEACHING AND TO COMBAT FALSE TEACHING AND AFFIRM CHURCH DOCTRINES AFFIRM CHURCH DOCTRINES CONCERNING CHRISTCONCERNING CHRIST– That Jesus Christ was GodThat Jesus Christ was God– Rose from dead (physical resurrection)Rose from dead (physical resurrection)

CHRUCH LEADERS FROM THROUGHOUT THE CHRUCH LEADERS FROM THROUGHOUT THE EMPIRE ATTENDED CONFERENCE TO DECIDE EMPIRE ATTENDED CONFERENCE TO DECIDE ON IMPORTANT ISSUES FACING THE CHURCHON IMPORTANT ISSUES FACING THE CHURCH

BYZANTIUM WAS MADE THE NEW BYZANTIUM WAS MADE THE NEW CAPITAL OF THE EASTERN EMPIRECAPITAL OF THE EASTERN EMPIRE

(RENAMED CONSTANTINOPLE)(RENAMED CONSTANTINOPLE)

EMPEROR THEODOSIUSEMPEROR THEODOSIUS

PERMANENTLY DIVIDED THE PERMANENTLY DIVIDED THE EMPIRE INTO EAST AND WESTEMPIRE INTO EAST AND WEST

ROME ROME REMAINED THE CAPITAL REMAINED THE CAPITAL

OF THE WESTERN ROMAN OF THE WESTERN ROMAN EMPIREEMPIRE

CONSTANTINOPLECONSTANTINOPLE WAS THE CAPITAL OF THE WAS THE CAPITAL OF THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIREEASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE

THEODOSIUS MADE CHRISTIANITY THEODOSIUS MADE CHRISTIANITY THE THE OFFICIAL RELIGIONOFFICIAL RELIGION OF THE OF THE

EMPIREEMPIRE

BYZANTINE CHRISTIAN BYZANTINE CHRISTIAN CHURCHCHURCH

ROME UNDER THREAT ROME UNDER THREAT

VISOGOTHSVISOGOTHS (GERMANIC) INVADED (GERMANIC) INVADED AND SACKED ROME IN AD 410AND SACKED ROME IN AD 410

THEY ALSO OVERRAN THE THEY ALSO OVERRAN THE PROVINCES OF SPAIN AND GAULPROVINCES OF SPAIN AND GAUL

THE THE SAXONSSAXONS TOOK CONTROL OF TOOK CONTROL OF THE PROVINCE OF BRITAINTHE PROVINCE OF BRITAIN

ATTILA THE HUNATTILA THE HUN (FROM CENTRAL (FROM CENTRAL ASIA) ATTACKED ROMAN TERRITORY ASIA) ATTACKED ROMAN TERRITORY IN CENTRAL EUROPEIN CENTRAL EUROPE

ROME WAS SACKED BY THE ROME WAS SACKED BY THE VISOGOTHSVISOGOTHS

ATTILA THE HUN ATTACKED ATTILA THE HUN ATTACKED ROMEROME

WESTERN ROMAN WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE COMES TO AN EMPIRE COMES TO AN

END END 476 AD476 AD

ROMULUS AUGUSTULUS WAS ROMULUS AUGUSTULUS WAS REMOVED AS EMPEROR IN THE REMOVED AS EMPEROR IN THE

WEST EMPIRE (ROME)WEST EMPIRE (ROME)

THE ROMAN EMPIRE 476 ADTHE ROMAN EMPIRE 476 AD