Western Religion Pp-1

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Religious Architecture inWorld Religions

(Judaism, Christianity, andIslam)


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Purpose of religiousarchitecture

To please God

Remembrance of their religion

Place to worship, praise, and pray

All sacred architecture achieves its

basic goal of placing man in thepresence of the divine through thespace which it forms.


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Judaism


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Western Wall


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Synagogue

Belz GreatSynagogue in

Jerusalem (worldslargest)

Delos Synagogue(Worlds OldestSynagogue)


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The significance of thearchitecture and the shape

in Judaism Standard laws governs the layout of a

synagogue

No set architectural design which resultsin variation of exteriors and interiors.

Historically, synagogues were built in

the prevailing architectural style of theirtime and place.


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Important Items

Aron ha-kodesh

-( holy ark, where the Torah scrolls

were kept) Eternal light

-(sybolizes the spiritual

enlightenment which is forever


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Judaism

How are the tenets of a specific faithreflected in the design, shape, andthe structure of its religious building?

The Talmud also requires that synagogues always have windows (BTBerakhot 31a). The rabbis based this ruling on the example of Daniel's placeof prayer in which, the Bible says, "his windows were open in his upperchamber" (Daniel 6:11).

The interior of the synagogue was relatively simple and functional. It wasdevoid of such bold religious symbols as statues, crosses, crucifixes, icons,censers, fonts, relics, or reliquaries. In comparison with some houses ofworship, the synagogue was simplicity itself. But it was not lacking inmeaningful symbols.

The Jew never knew when he would have to pack up and wander forth to a


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Pictures of Synagogue

New Synagoguein Berlig,Germany

ChoralSynagogue in

Moscow, Russia

Great Synagogue ofPizen, Czech

Republic

Belzer Synagogue of Belz,Ukraine (No longer exists)

Knesset Eliyahoo, a 150 yearold

in Mumbai, India

Grand Choral

Synagoge ofSt. Petersburg, Russia


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Christianity


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Cenacle of Mt. Zion


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Chapel of Ascension


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Garden of Gethsemane


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Church of nativity inBethlehem


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Sea of Galilee


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Christianity

The significance of thearchitecture:

The invention of the Christian churchwas one of the brilliant perhaps the

most brilliant--solutions inarchitectural history. This was

achieved by a process of assimilatingand rejecting various precedents, such

as the Greek temple, the Roman

public building, the private Roman


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Christianity

Ornaments with religious significance

In narrative scenes we see the illusionistictradition of ancient painting being transformedby new content. Long sequences of scenes,selected from the Old and New Testaments,adorned the nave walls of Early Christian

basilicas.Christians have three-dimensional statues and

half-relief images of religious scenes in plaster,

wood, and stone to show the times of Jesus.'


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Christianity


-many artists and architects reflectedthis philosophy in their creations.

These mediums were used to express

their deep rooted religious convictionswhilst also publicly demonstrating theirsecular loyalty.

-Church design and construction is


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Christianity

St. Peters Basilica in the Vatican inRome, the largest church building in the

world

Church of HallgrAmur in ReykjavAk,Iceland

Las Lajas Cathedra in Colombia, SouthAmerica

Chapel of St. Gildas in Brittany, France


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Islam


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Cave of Hira on jabal al-Nour


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Plain of Mount Arafat duringthe Hajj


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Minarets of the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca


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Hajj tents at Mina


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Jamaraat Bridge


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Al-Masjid al-Nabawi


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Dome of the Rock and theAl-Aqsa Mosque


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Islam

The significance of the architectureand the shape of each religious

building

This disregard for the outside appearance of astructure is often developed to an extremewhereby even a monumental structure, such ascongregational mosque, is completely hidden by

being totally surrounded by secondary adjacentbuildings (for instance a bazaar). This 'hiding' ofmajor monuments goes hand in hand with a totallack of exterior indications of the shape, size,function or meaning of a building. Even if astructure has a visible fa ade or a portal, these


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Islam

The items with religious significance

-Important element in the appraisal of Islamic calligraphy is the

concept of a tree. A tree is but a manifestation of a seed's potentialto derive sustenance from earth and water, and produce one of themost beautiful sights in the world, namely that of a flowering tree

complete with branches and leaves.

-Islamic architecture encompasses a wide range of both secularand religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the presentday, influencing the design and construction of buildings andstructures in Islamic culture. The principal Islamic architectural

types are: the Mosque, the Tomb, the Palace and the Fort. From


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Islam


Sacred Architecture of theIslamic Mosque

The sacred architecture of Islam parexcellence is the mosque which isbut a recreation of the harmony,order and eace inherent in nature.


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Islam

A mosque in the Roxbury sectionof Boston, MA in the US

The Sultan AhmetMosque inIstanbul, Turkey

National Mosque of

Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur

Completed in 1984, the Abuja

mosque is the national mosqueof Nigeria


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Western Religion Pp-1