Western RiversideWestern RiversideAQMD Town Hall MeetingAQMD Town Hall Meeting

April 21, 2008April 21, 2008

Barry Wallerstein, Barry Wallerstein, D.EnvD.Env..Executive OfficerExecutive Officer

South Coast Air Quality Management DistrictSouth Coast Air Quality Management District

SCAQMD BackgroundSCAQMD Background

L o s A n g e le sC o u n ty

O ra n g eC o u n ty

R iv e rs id eC o u n ty

S a n B e r n a rd in oC o u n ty

South Coast Basin:South Coast Basin:•• 44--county regioncounty region•• 11,000 sq. miles11,000 sq. miles•• 16½ million residents16½ million residents•• Hundreds of thousandsHundreds of thousands

diesel vehiclesdiesel vehicles•• Millions of gasoline vehiclesMillions of gasoline vehicles•• Combined Ports of Long Beach andCombined Ports of Long Beach and

Los Angeles = nation's largest cargo gatewayLos Angeles = nation's largest cargo gateway

Key Air PollutantsKey Air Pollutants

HistoricHistoric•• Smog (Ozone)Smog (Ozone)•• Fine Particulate (PM2.5)Fine Particulate (PM2.5)•• Air Toxics (Carcinogens)Air Toxics (Carcinogens)

EmergingEmerging•• Climate Change (Greenhouse Gases)Climate Change (Greenhouse Gases)

New Emission Reductions Needed

New Emission Reductions New Emission Reductions NeededNeeded

•• CA Carbon Reduction Goals CA Carbon Reduction Goals (from 1990)(from 1990)

–– 17% by 202017% by 2020–– 80% by 205080% by 2050

•• 2424--Hour PM2.5 / 8Hour PM2.5 / 8--Hr. Ozone StandardsHr. Ozone Standards–– 70% 70% NOxNOx

•• New 8New 8--Hour Ozone StandardHour Ozone Standard–– 90% 90% NOxNOx

Airborne Airborne HexavalentHexavalent Chromium Chromium in the Western Riverside Areain the Western Riverside Area

Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Study Study -- IIIIII

Compton

Burbank

Anaheim

Fontana

Rubidoux

Wilmington

Long Beach

Pico Rivera

Los Angeles

Huntington Park

Indio

Santa Ana

Sun Valley

San BernardinoIndustry

Commerce

Fixed Sites Temporary Sites

Compton

Burbank

Anaheim

Fontana

Rubidoux

Wilmington/W. Long Beach

North Long Beach

Pico Rivera

Los Angeles

Huntington Park

Indio

Santa Ana

Sun Valley

San Bernardino

Commerce

Fixed Sites Temporary Sites

Metal Processes22%

Heavy Duty Diesel Trucks

3%

Trains and Marine

1%

Off-Road Equipment

19%On-Road Gasoline

36%

Paved Road Dust19%

2005 Hexavalent Chromium 2005 Hexavalent Chromium Emissions in theEmissions in the

South Coast Air BasinSouth Coast Air Basin

Hexavalent Chromium

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

Anaheim Burbank Central LA Compton Fontana HuntingtonPark

North LongBeach

Pico Rivera Rubidoux Wilmington Average RubidouxFilter Blank

ng/m3 MATES II AQMD Lab data MATES III Year 1 MATES III Year 2

Hexavalent ChromiumHexavalent ChromiumMATESMATES--IIIIII

Western Riverside Air Monitoring Station

Riverside Cement

Initial ActionsInitial Actions

•• Examined permit records and surveyed Examined permit records and surveyed area for potential hexavalent chromium area for potential hexavalent chromium sourcessources

•• No major No major hexavalenthexavalent chromium sources chromium sources foundfound

•• Reports and literature did NOT indicate Reports and literature did NOT indicate that emissions of hexavalent chromium that emissions of hexavalent chromium from cement facilities were significantfrom cement facilities were significant

Wind Analysis at Western Wind Analysis at Western Riverside Monitoring StationRiverside Monitoring Station

•• Most frequent wind direction is from Most frequent wind direction is from the Westthe West

•• However, higher levels of However, higher levels of hexavalent chromium are measured hexavalent chromium are measured when wind blows from the Northeastwhen wind blows from the Northeast

•• The cement production facilities are The cement production facilities are located over two miles to the located over two miles to the NortheastNortheast

Deposition Plate DeploymentDeposition Plate Deployment•• Glass plates placed to collect falling particlesGlass plates placed to collect falling particles•• A good survey tool for covering a wide areaA good survey tool for covering a wide area•• Not used for determining true atmospheric Not used for determining true atmospheric

concentrationsconcentrations•• Three rounds of deployment in the areaThree rounds of deployment in the area

–– Jan, Feb, MarJan, Feb, Mar

•• All three rounds showed higher hexavalent All three rounds showed higher hexavalent chromium content of deposited particles near chromium content of deposited particles near Riverside CementRiverside Cement

Cr6 Deposition Plate Results - Round 3Highest MiddleLowest

Extensive Sweep of the Area for Extensive Sweep of the Area for Other Hexavalent Chromium Other Hexavalent Chromium

SourcesSources•• More than 50 square mile area around More than 50 square mile area around

Riverside CementRiverside Cement•• Identified 444 regulated or potentially Identified 444 regulated or potentially

regulated sourcesregulated sources•• None had None had hexavalenthexavalent chromium chromium

emissions at levels that would lead to the emissions at levels that would lead to the observed monitored concentrations observed monitored concentrations

2.43

1.01

0.27

0.31

0.32

Hexavalent Chromium Averages (ng/m3) 26 sampling daysFeb. 12 – Apr. 9, 2008

MATES-III Basin Average = 0.20

MATES-III Rubidoux Average = 0.39

PM samplers for Hexavalent Chromium

Emissions TestsEmissions Tests

• White cement production facility - Kiln stack tested on March 19 - 21, 2008– Very low levels of hexavalent chromium

emitted– Not enough to account for levels observed at

offsite monitoring locations

Material Samples fromMaterial Samples fromRiverside CementRiverside Cement

•• Collected samples from Riverside Cement Collected samples from Riverside Cement FacilityFacility–– SoilSoil–– Finished productFinished product–– Clinker storage pilesClinker storage piles–– BagBag--house fallhouse fall--outout

•• Higher levels of hexavalent chromium found in Higher levels of hexavalent chromium found in gray cement materialsgray cement materials

•• Not enough to produce observed Not enough to produce observed concentrations at sampling sites concentrations at sampling sites

Gray Clinker Gray Clinker Storage PilesStorage Piles

Monitoring Monitoring LocationLocation

Upon Further Analysis…Upon Further Analysis…•• Separated larger pieces of storage pile gray clinker Separated larger pieces of storage pile gray clinker

from fine dust material using a sievefrom fine dust material using a sieve

Bulk samples

Sieved Samples(<44 µm)

Cr+6 Cr+6 Location (ppb) (ppb)

Bay A surface 500Bay A sub-surface 750 3980Bay B surface 800 3350Bay B sub-surface 870Bay H surface 1320 6830Bay H sub-surface 2030Bay I surface 1140 2070Bay I sub-surface 1120Bay J surface 1670 15000Bay J sub-surface 1740

•• Fine dust showed much Fine dust showed much higher hexavalent chromium higher hexavalent chromium contentcontent

•• Fine dust is more likely to Fine dust is more likely to become airborne and blow become airborne and blow offsiteoffsite

•• Observed concentrations at Observed concentrations at sampling sites now within sampling sites now within the range of model the range of model predictions predictions

FingerprintingFingerprinting•• Microscopically examined gray clinker fine dust and Microscopically examined gray clinker fine dust and

particles on the deposition platesparticles on the deposition plates

Gray Clinker Fine DustGray Clinker Fine DustDeposition Plate Adjacent to Deposition Plate Adjacent to

Riverside CementRiverside Cement

36-0432 (D) - Gypsum - Ca33-1161 (*) - Quartz, syn - 04-0733 (I) - Portlandite, sy42-0551 (*) - Calcium Silic

13-0272 (N) - Calcium Magnesiu05-0586 (I) - Calcite, syn - CaCOOperations: Y Scale Add 9500.000808109-025 - File: 0808109-025Operations: Y Scale Mul 0.542 | 0807302-004 - File: 0807302-004Operations: Y Scale Add -45750.Glass plate 114-08 - File: Glass p

Operations: Y Scale Add 11000.0Glass plate 120-08 - File: Glass pOperations: Y Scale Add 10500.0Glass plate 118-08 - File: Glass pOperations: Y Scale Add 10000.0Glass plate 116-08 - File: Glass pOperations: Y Scale Add 10500.0Glass plate 121-08 - File: Glass p

Operations: Y Scale Add 6416.660808109-001 - File: 0808109-001Operations: Y Scale Add 9166.660808109-021 - File: 0808109-021Operations: Y Scale Add -1833.30808109-019 - File: 0808109-019Operations: Y Scale Add 7333.330808109-015 - File: 0808109-015

Operations: Y Scale Add 8250.000808109-013 - File: 0808109-013Operations: Y Scale Add 9625.000808109-007 - File: 0808109-007Operations: Y Scale Add 8708.330808109-006 - File: 0808109-006Operations: Y Scale Add 8250.000808109-023 - File: 0808109-023

Lin

(Cou

nts)

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

100000

110000

120000

130000

140000

150000

160000

2-Theta - Scale9 10 20 30 40

114-08 Fleetwood

120-08 Aramark

121-08 Plumbers Union

118-08 Rubidoux Station

116-08 Wilson residence

(025) Bay J T-II clinker sub-surface

(019) Bay G Block clinker surface

(006) Bay A T-II clinker sub-surface

(021) Bay H T-II clinker surface

(023) Bay I T-II clinker surface

(007) Bay B T-II clinker surface

(015) Bay E Scrap clinker,soil,cement surface

(013) Bay E Dirt and scrap surface

(001) Spillage from Kiln #1

LN 0807302-004 Gray cement

calcium hydroxide

calcium silicates

More FingerprintingMore Fingerprinting•• XX--Ray Diffraction Ray Diffraction

(XRD) to (XRD) to measure measure chemical chemical composition and composition and crystal structurecrystal structure

•• Calcium Calcium hydroxide a hydroxide a marker for fine marker for fine clinker dustclinker dust

•• Found on Found on deposition plates deposition plates nearer facilitynearer facility

NearPlates

Fine Clinker

Dusts

DistantPlates

Calcium Hydroxide

Average PM10 from 3/26 - 4/9, 2008

0

20

40

60

80

W. Riverside MonitoringStation

Adjacent to Riverside Cement

Location

ug/m

3

State 24-hour standard

Dust Emissions (PM10)Dust Emissions (PM10)

Cancer RiskCancer Risk

•• Lifetime cancer risk based on 70 years of Lifetime cancer risk based on 70 years of continuous exposurecontinuous exposure

•• BasinwideBasinwide average is ~1200 in one millionaverage is ~1200 in one million•• Only 7 weeks of data collected to dateOnly 7 weeks of data collected to date•• Immediately adjacent to the siteImmediately adjacent to the site

–– 350 to 500 in one million350 to 500 in one million

•• Similar to risk levels found next to a busy Similar to risk levels found next to a busy freeway, a rail yard or a chrome plating freeway, a rail yard or a chrome plating facilityfacility

Hexavalent Chromium Regulatory Levels and Monitored Levels

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

OSHA NIOSH CalEPAReferenceExposure

Level

RiversideCement*

WestRiversideMATES III

Basin Avg.MATES III

ng/m3

200

1000

5000

2.43 0.39 0.20

*Samples from Feb 12 to Apr 9, 2008 taken adjacent to Riverside Cement

Next StepsNext Steps

•• Aggressive action to reduce the Aggressive action to reduce the hexavalenthexavalentchromium emissions from Riverside Cement and chromium emissions from Riverside Cement and lower the risk levels in the community around the lower the risk levels in the community around the facilityfacility–– Notices of Violation for visible dust emissionsNotices of Violation for visible dust emissions–– Potentially modify permit requirementsPotentially modify permit requirements–– New regulation, specific to cement production facilities, New regulation, specific to cement production facilities,

limiting hexavalent chromium emissionslimiting hexavalent chromium emissions–– Continued and additional sampling in the community for Continued and additional sampling in the community for

hexavalent chromium and dust (PM10)hexavalent chromium and dust (PM10)–– Ongoing field surveillance and inspectionsOngoing field surveillance and inspections