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WFP Kenya Update: February 2013 15 March 2013
Highlights
The short rains assessment indicates that there is substantial improvement in food secu-rity across Kenya, with the number of food insecure people reducing to 1.1 million from the 2.1 million assessed in August 2012.
Preliminary findings of the comprehensive study on market and financial services in arid areas were presented on 27 February. The study concluded that the single most limiting factor to market-based transfers (cash or vouchers) is whether the market is located on or off the main transport corridor.
Food distributions under the drought recovery operation (PRRO 200294) were low in Febru-ary mainly because of erratic food supplies caused by resourcing shortfalls. Funds trans-fers under food-for-assets were made to reduce a growing backlog of entitle-ments.
WFP signed an agreement with Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to implement the comprehensive joint programme on food security aimed at building resilience against drought emergencies.
Data collection for the Safe Access to Fire-wood and alternative Energy (SAFE) was con-ducted in Kakuma. The results will inform whether fuel-efficient stoves prevented sexual and gender-based violence and/or protected the environment, by reducing firewood collec-tion and consumption.
Total resource shortfalls from March to Au-gust 2013 are S$61.9 million, of which US$31.7 for the drought recovery operation and US$30.1 million to support refugees.
WFP :: Kenya Update :: February 2013
2012 Short Rains Assessment: The recently concluded
assessment of the 2012 short rains season has found that the number
of people in need of food assistance has declined from 2.1 million
people in August 2012, to about 1.1 million people in February 2013.
The report cited the main contributing factor as the good rainfall
received towards the end of the season in most parts of the country. In
agro-pastoral and northwestern pastoral zones (Turkana, West Pokot,
Marsabit, Samburu, Baringo, Laikipia, Kajiado and Narok ), this was
the third good season in a row. The high amounts of rainfall resulted
in good crop harvests, reduced maize prices, increased water access,
improved livestock conditions and increased milk availability to
households. The proportion of children aged five years and below who
were ‘at risk’ of malnutrition has declined in almost all livelihood
zones according to the surveillance data from National Drought
Management Authority (NDMA). This is indicative of improved food
access and consumption. Households that are still food insecure are in
localized areas where poor rainfall performance has been persistent or
are chronically poor with limited productive assets.
For the upcoming long rains season (March to May), the prognosis is
that western and coastal areas may receive enhanced rainfall, while
pastoral and southeastern marginal agricultural lowlands are
forecasted to receive normal to below normal rainfall according to the
Kenya Meteorological Department. This reinforces the need to
continue building resilience of fragile livelihoods to mitigate impact of
future shocks. The full assessment report is available on www.wfp.org/
countries/kenya
Market and Financial Study in Arid Areas: On 27 February,
WFP presented to stakeholders the preliminary analysis and findings
of the comprehensive market and financial study in arid areas. The
study sought to understand how markets and financial services in arid
areas function and what response capacity they may have. The study
also explored how different transfer modalities could support food
assistance or livelihoods, and how each option could affect the gender
dynamics in the communities.
The study looked at markets along the primary transport routes to
South Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia, and visited over 80 markets with
different levels of complexity (Nairobi markets, hub markets in the
central highlands, main markets in the arid lands and remote markets
in the arid lands). More than 1,600 traders were interviewed focusing
on supply of four commodity types, i.e., staples, vegetables, dairy
products and processed food. One of the main conclusions was that
the factor of greatest importance to market responsiveness is whether
a market is located on or off the main transport corridor as road
infrastructure dictates how well a market functions and its potential to
respond to increased demand. The final report will be uploaded on
WFP’s website once it is completed.
1. Food and Nutrition Security
WFP Kenya Update: February 2013 15 March 2013
Drought Recovery Operation (PRRO 200294) Based on the seasonality livelihood analysis done in 2012, there were
no food or cash distributions planned for February in marginal
agricultural areas where most of the asset creation (FFA/CFA)
activities are undertaken. However, distributions/transfers did take
place for work carried out the previous month mainly because
households usually receive their entitlements at least one month in
arrears after project work performed has been verified. Additionally,
WFP has a growing debt owed to households participating in CFA.
Liabilities are cleared once resources become available.
The number of people reached and quantity of food distributed
through general food distributions (mostly in pastoral areas), was
affected by low food stocks due to insufficient resources. There were
no pulses and vegetable oil to distribute. Additionally, Garissa, Wajir
and Mandera counties only received food towards the end of February
but distributions could not begin until after the general elections
(presidential, parliamentary and gubernatorial) in early March. Under
supplementary feeding programme, a decrease in the number of
beneficiaries collecting the required two rations in a month was noted.
This was attributed to improved food access at the household level.
WFP received 828 mt of Plumpy’Sup at the port of Mombasa procured
by UNICEF on behalf of the government with funding from the World
Bank. Through a service agreement with UNICEF, WFP is delivering
the commodities to the health centres for distribution to moderately
malnourished children below five years. The first batches have already
arrived in the health centers. The supplies are sufficient to cover about
six months’ requirements, after which WFP will resume distributing
its own supplies of Plumpy’Sup.
PRRO 200294: Food and cash transfers – February 2013
Beneficiaries Tonnage (mt) Cash transfers (US$)
Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual
General food distri-
butions (GFD)
683,890 521,170 (76%)
9,273 3,987
(43%)
Food-for-assets
(FFA)
283,190 178,586
(63%)
3,100 1,424
(46%)
Targeted supple-
mentary feeding
(TSFP)*
115,000 74,389
(65%)
885 429
(49%)
Cash-for-assets
(CFA)
- 192,149 - 2,071,101
Unconditional Cash
Transfers (UCT)
16,190 15,677
(97%)
105,235 222,329
(211%)
GRAND TOTAL 1,098,270 981,971
(89%)
105,235 2,293,430
(2,179%)
Cash Transfers in Arid Areas - Use of Mobile Money Services (MMS) and Com-plaints and Feedback Mechanism
The unconditional cash transfers in arid reached 2,797 households, which represented 98.5 percent of the plan with KES 27 million (US$ 313,000) being disbursed during the pilot pe-riod.
During registration of the beneficiar-ies, 13 percent of the households did not have national identification cards (ID), which is required to transact money using a mobile phone. WFP facilitated the registration of alter-nates to collect their entitlements.
Less than 1 percent of beneficiaries receiving their cash through an alter-nate reported any problem in access-ing their cash, which suggests that the use of beneficiary alternates does not have a significant negative effect on reaching the intended beneficiar-ies.
The majority of beneficiaries were moderately or very satisfied with the MMS delivery mechanism. The main source of dissatisfaction was the waiting time experienced by benefici-aries at MMS agents’ shops.
The majority of beneficiaries (95 per-cent) reported that they knew there were mechanisms of raising a com-plaint or providing feedback to WFP, with 92 percent reporting knowing how use the hotline.
Some 254 complaints were received during the life span of the MMS pilot. After a direct follow-up interview with complainants, about 85 percent of them reported to be satisfied with the way WFP dealt with their com-plaint. The dissatisfaction expressed by some complainants was mainly due to what was perceived as delays by WFP in providing a positive feed-back to their complaint.
2. WFP Response in February 2013
WFP Kenya Update: February 2013 15 March 2013
WFP completed the 3-month pilot cash transfer using
mobile money services (MMS) in arid areas i.e., Isiolo
(Isiolo town), Turkana (Lodwar and Kalokol) and Wajir
(Habaswein and Eldas). The selected sites are located in
areas with functional markets along the main transport
and trade corridors. Besides meeting household food
needs, other objectives of the pilot were to test the use of
mobile money transfer services in delivery of assistance,
build WFP’s and partners’ capacity to use cash transfers
as an emergency response, and test a mobile phone-based
beneficiary complaints and feedback mechanism. In line
with WFP’s seasonal approach to providing food
assistance, transfers were made to meet food needs for
October, November and February. Double payments were
made in February to cater for missed transfers during the
previous months. The transfer amount was based on the
equivalent retail value of WFP’s food ration, plus an
amount to cover one withdrawal fee per month.
On 21 February, WFP and FAO signed a strategic
partnership for a Joint Programme Initiative on Disaster
Risk Reduction and Resilience Building to improve food
security and build capacity to manage shocks. The initial
joint activities will start in Garissa, Turkana and Kitui
counties. WFP committed to provide US$3.3 million for
rainwater harvesting structures, crop production, pasture
and browse regeneration alongside capacity strengthening
of government, partners and communities. The other
Rome-based agency, International Fund for Agriculture
Development (IFAD), will join the partnership later in
2013 or 2014 when their strategic shift in funding will
cover the arid and semi-arid areas.
During March, WFP will begin retargeting and registering
new beneficiaries to reduce the numbers to 1.1 million
people as per the assessment recommendations. A budget
revision will be prepared to cater for the reduced
requirements over the next six months.
Refugee Operation (PRRO 200174)
There were 554,000 registered refugees living in Kenyan
camps by the end of February i.e. 444,000 in Dadaab and
110,000 in Kakuma.
In February, WFP collected data for the end project study
of the Safe Access to Firewood and alternative Energy
(SAFE) initiative in Kakuma. The study aimed to
ascertain whether:
the fuel-efficient stoves used less fuel to cook
compared to previously used stoves;
there is a reduction in time spent, frequency of
collection and distance travelled by women and girls
in the collection of firewood;
A nomadic herder watering his livestock at a pan built through FFA in Turkana
PHOTO: WFP/Rose Ogola
PRRO 200174: Food Distributions – February 2013
Beneficiaries Food tonnage
(mt)
Planned Actual Planned Actual
General food distributions (GFD) 580,000 553,56
5 (95%)
9,744 8,672
(89%)
Targeted supplementary feeding
programme (TSFP) – moderately
malnourished children aged 6 to 59
months
15,000 8,832
(59%)
45 18
(40%)
MCHN – Children aged 6 to 23
months
35,000 23,037
(66%)
226 132
(58%)
MCHN – Pregnant & Lactating
Women
26,000 18,325
(70%)
74 54
(73%)
School meals programme (SMP)
including girls take home rations
71,000 58,304
(82%)
156 142
(91%)
Institutional feeding (Hospital, HIV,
TB & other special cases)
4,300 1,954
(45%)
42 11
(26%)
Food-for-assets (host communities) 36,000 19,708
(55%)
475 229
(48%)
Food-for-training (youth from host
and refugee communities)
2,000 1,154
(58%)
18 3
(17%)
Summary of the Beneficiary Planned Number by Activity: April to Septem-ber 2013
GFD (Food)
GFD (Cash)
FFA (Food)
FFA (Cash)
Total
Pastoral and Agro-pastoral areas
413,900 15,800 260,800 0 690,500
Marginal Agricultural (semi-arid) areas
28,000 0 61,000 370,000 459,000
TOTAL 441,900 15,800 321,800 370,000 1,149,500
Proportionate Share
40% 60%
WFP Kenya Update: February 2013 15 March 2013
the potential time saved that could result from the provision of firewood translates into time spent on productive
activities.
The report is being prepared and will include a desk review for Dadaab to complement the in-depth survey in
Kakuma. By the end of the pilot in March 2013, WFP should have distributed 24,500 fuel-efficient stoves to
households in Kakuma and Dadaab, benefitting refugee and host communities.
Country Programme (CP 106680) On 21 and 22 February, WFP participated in a strategic meeting organized by the Ministry of Education where a joint
work plan on technical assistance to the ministry was discussed and finalized. The work plan outlines partners’
activities and contributions towards strengthening the capacity of the government to effectively implement and
manage its homegrown school meals programme, and ensure it is sustainable.
Purchase for Progress (P4P) WFP issued contracts for 1,223 mt of food worth US$529,974 to 25 farmer organizations and small scale traders.
Thirteen of these were new farmer organizations who were awarded contracts for the first time through direct
negotiations (non-competitive modality). WFP directly negotiates with new farmer organizations at least twice before
they can participate in competitive tendering process. This gives them an opportunity to learn about WFP
procurement processes and improve the quality of their grains.
Donor Missions During the last two months, WFP hosted several high level missions to the field as follows:
On 11 January, WFP facilitated a joint donor mission to
Dadaab refugee camps. There were representatives from
European Commission’s Humanitarian Aid and Civil
Protection (ECHO), France, Switzerland and Sweden.
On 22 January, Mr Richard Marles, Parliamentary Secretary
for Foreign Affairs in Australia visited various sites in Dadaab
refugee camps. The Australian Ambassador to Kenya H.E.
Geoffrey Tooth accompanied him.
Between 21 and 25 January, WFP and UNICEF participated in
a five-day scoping mission by the Canadian International
Development Agency (CIDA) to Turkana County. The mission
sought to gain a better understanding on the potential
programme issues and context around resilience, extractive
industries (oil and energy), livelihoods and education. The
probe questions included current challenges, opportunities and
gaps in addressing each of the sectors. Limited project
monitoring for CIDA-funded activities with UNHCR and WFP
in the Kakuma refugee camp was also undertaken.
On 06 February, WFP organized a joint donor mission various
activities in Turkana County. Present were H.E. David Angell,
Canadian High Commissioner; H.E. Sofie From-Emmesberger,
Finnish Ambassador; Mr. Ricardo Losa, Deputy Head of
Mission - Embassy of Spain; Mr. Takaaaki Takezawa, First
Secretary - Embassy of Japan. There was also representation
from the government (National Drought Management
Above and below, some of the high level donor missions
that visited WFP operations in Kenya in January and Febru-
ary 2013
PHOTOS: WFP/ Rose Ogola
WFP Kenya Update: February 2013 15 March 2013
3. Resourcing and Pipeline Summaries (through August 2013 )
Authority and Ministry of Foreign Affairs) and United Nations agencies (FAO and IFAD).
On 11 February, Ms Eltje Aderhold of the German Foreign Office accompanied by Malte Locknitz of the German
Embassy visited nutrition programmes in Dadaab refugee camps
On 21 February, the US Ambassador to Kenya H.E Robert F. Godec accompanied by United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA) visited WFP’s school meals programme in Stara Rescue Centre in Nairobi. Stara is one of 89
schools in Nairobi’s unplanned settlements where pupils receive a hot lunch from WFP.
WFP’s resource shortfalls for the next six months (March to August 2013) were US$61.9 million for operations in Kenya as of 28 February 2013.
The drought recovery operation (PRRO 200294) does not have Super Cereal and salt to distribute from April onwards. As of 28 February, the shortfalls through August 2013 were US$31.7 million of which US$19.1 million is for cash transfers. Because of lack of adequate funds, the operation is accruing increasing liabilities to households participating in its cash-for-assets activity. Already, US$6.8 million is owed for work completed in the previous months and will be repaid from new contributions.
Whereas the pipeline for the refugee operation (PRRO 200174) improved after some contributions were received, it remained fragile with huge outstanding advances. Therefore, besides addressing resource gaps, the advances need to be repaid from donor cash contributions. The six-month shortfall is US$30.1 million.
The Country Programme (CP 106680) requires US$100,000 to meet the needs of beneficiaries HIV and AIDS programme, which has already been substantially reduced because of inadequate funding.
The shortfalls are illustrated on the next page.
WFP Kenya Update: February 2013 15 March 2013
0
2
4
6
8
Mar-13 Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13
US$
in M
illio
ns
PRRO 200294 - Drought Operation - Cash Transfers (US$)
Needs Shortfalls
10500
10600
10700
10800
10900
11000
Mar-13 Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13
PRRO 200174 - Refugee Operation - Food in mt
Needs Shortfalls
0
5000
10000
Mar-13 Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13
CP 106680- Country Programme- Food in mt
Needs Shortfalls
Resource shortfalls
for food distributions
over the next six
months (March to
August 2013) are
US$12.6 million
(excludes unpaid ad-
Shortfalls for cash-for
-assets activities are
US$19.1 million.
The shortfalls for the
refugee operation
are US$30.1 million,
including unpaid ad-
vance requests
Six months resource
shortfalls for the
Country Programme
are US$100,000
0
0
0
0
Mar-13 Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13
Foo
d i
n m
t
PRRO 200294 - Drought Operation - Food Distributions (mt)
Needs Shortfalls