wg‡iKjm Ae `¨ †KviAvb

(†KviAv‡bi A‡j․wKKZ¡)

(Miracles of the Quran)

wbðqB G †KviAvb iveŸyj Avjvgx‡bi bvwhjK…Z

(†KviAvb, 26 t 192)

nvib Bqvwnqv (Harun Yahya)

fvlvš—i t Wvt D‡¤§ KvDmvi nK (Dr. Umme Kawsar)

wemwgj­vwni ivngvbxi ivnxg

wg‡iKjm Ae `¨ †KviAvb

(Miracles of the Quran)

wbðqB G †KviAvb iveŸyj Avjvgx‡bi bvwhjK…Z

(†KviAvb, 26 t 192)

nvib Bqvwnqv

fvlvš—i t Wvt D‡¤§ KvDmvi nK

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cvV‡Ki cÖwZ

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The New Masonic Disorder, Judaism and Freemasonry, Islam Denounces Terrorism,

Global Freemasonry, Solution: The Values of The Quran, The Winter of Islam and The

Spring to Come, Romanticism: A Weapon of Satan, Perished Nations, For Man of

Understanding, The Truth of Life of This World, The Nightmare of Disbelief, Matter:

The Other Name of Illusion, The Quran Leads the Way to Science, Miracles of The

Quran, The Design in Nature, Deep Thinking, Never Plead Ignorance, The Miracle in

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The Honeybees that Build Perfect Combs.

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The Quran, The Moral Values of The Quran, Devoted to Allah, The Real

Home of The Believers, Paradise, Answers from The Quran, Death

Resurrection Hell, The Importance of Conscience in The Quran, The

Arrogance of Satan, Prayers in the Quran, Before you Regret, The Alliance

of Good, Some Secrets of The Quran, Taking the Quran as a Guide BZ¨vw`

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wLjvb AvK…wZi AvKvk‡K aviY K‡i Av‡Q|

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iv‡`i wØZxq Avqv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q t ÓwZwbB Avj­vn whwb †Kvb cÖKvi Aej¤b ev ¯—‡¤¢i mvnvh¨

QvovB AvKvkmg~n‡K mgybœZ †i‡L‡Qb.... |Ó ce©Zgvjv we`¨gvb _vKvi d‡jB MMbgÛj Dc‡i

w i _vK‡Z cvi‡Q - Giƒc wek¦vm D³ AvqvZ ØvivB wg_¨v cÖgvwYZ n‡q hvq| †KviAv‡b †mB mg‡q

Ab¨vb¨ eû welqvw` msµvš— AZ¨š— ¸iZ¡c~Y© Z_¨vejx cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj- hLb Zv Kvi c‡¶B

Rvb‡Z cvivi K_v bq| ‡m mgq gvbyl †R¨vwZwe©`¨v, c`v_©we`¨v, wKsev Rxewe`¨v wel‡q LyeB Aí

Ávb ivLZ| wVK †Zgwb GK mg‡q gnvwe‡k¦i m„wó, gvbe m„wó, evqy gÛ‡ji MVb Avi †h my²

fvimvg¨ c„w_exi ey‡K Rx‡ei ev cÖv‡Yi wU‡K _vKv m¤¢e K‡i Av‡Q - G ai‡Yi eû welqvw`i

e¨vcv‡i ¸iZ¡c~Y© Z_¨vejx †KviAv‡b cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|

GLb Pjyb Avgiv †KviAv‡b cÖKvwkZ weÁvb msµvš— wKQz A‡j․wKK welqvw`i w`‡K „wócvZ

Kwi|

gnvwek¦ m„wó

wb‡gœi AvqvZwU‡Z wek¦eªþv‡Ûi DrcwËi K_v ewY©Z i‡q‡Q t

ÓwZwbB Avw` mªóv Avmgvb I Rwg‡bi|Ó (†KviAvb, 6 t 101)

cweÎ †KviAv‡b cÖ`Ë G Z_¨wU mgmvgwqK weÁv‡bi ch©‡e¶Y I cix¶vq cÖvß Z_¨vejxi m‡½

m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c msMwZc~Y©| AvR †R¨vwZwe©`¨v †h P~ovš— wm×v‡š— †c․u‡Q‡Q Zv n‡jv - e¯‧ Avi mg‡qi

cwiwamn †MvUv gnvwek¦ Aw¯—‡Z¡ G‡m‡Q weivU GK we‡ùvi‡Yi gva¨‡g - hv wKbv Lye Zwor MwZ‡Z

N‡UwQj| gnvwe‡ùviY (Big Bang) bv‡gi GB NUbvwU GKwUgvÎ ¶z`ª we› yi we‡ùvi‡Yi d‡j

gnvwek¦ Aw —Z¡nxb Ae v †_‡K Aw¯—‡Z¡ G‡m‡Q| wek¦ eªþv‡Ûi m„wó Avi wKfv‡e Zv Aw¯—‡Z¡ G‡m‡Q

- G e¨vcv‡i AvaywbK weÁvb cwil` GKB gZ †cvlY K‡i †h Ñ gnvwe‡ùviYB gnvwe‡k¦i DrcwË

Avi Aw —‡Z¡i GKgvÎ †h․w³K Avi MÖnb‡hvM¨ e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i|

gnvwe‡ùvi‡Yi c~‡e© c`v_© ev e¯‧ e‡j wKQ~ wQjbv| Ggwb GK Aw¯—Z¡nxb ev k~Y¨ve¯v †h_vq

we`¨gvb wQj bv †Kvb c`v_©, bv †Kvb kw³, GgbwK mg‡qi Aw¯—Ë¡ wQjbv - hv †Kej Awawe`¨vg~jK

(Metaphysically) wKsev weg~Z© Av‡jvPbvq eY©bv Kiv hvq- †Zgwb GKwU Ae v †_‡K c`v_©,

kw³ Avi mg‡qi m„wó n‡q‡Q| GB †h welqwU AvaywbK c`v_©weÁv‡bi gva¨‡g †Kewj m¤cÖwZ

Avwe®K…Z n‡q‡Q Ñ ZvB 1400 eQi Av‡M †KviAvb gvbeRvwZi D‡Ï‡k¨ ‡NvlYv K‡iwQj|

Mvp ev`vgx Ask¸‡jv †cQ‡bi

iwk¥ we‡ùviY, Zvc wewKi‡Yi

mv¶x enb K‡i

nvjKv †Mvjvcx AÂj¸‡jv

DËß AÂj

Mvp †Mvjvcx AÂj ¸‡jv me‡P‡q

†ekx DËß AÂj

nvjKv ev`vgx AÂj¸‡jv

VvÛv

caption

gnvwe‡k¦i cÖmviY

1400 eQi c~‡e© hLb †R¨vwZwe©`¨v wQj ZLbI Avw`g Ae vq, ZLbB Avj­vn & ZvAvjv KZ…©K

bvwhjK…Z †KviAv‡b wek¦eªþv‡Ûi cÖmvi‡Yi welqwU Ggbfv‡e ewY©Z nq t

ÓAvi Avwg ¯xq ¶gZve‡j Avmgvb‡K m„wó K‡iwQ Avi Avwg Aek¨B wbqwgZfv‡e Zv

cÖmvwiZ KiwQ|Ó (†KviAvb, 51 t 47 )

1992 mv‡j bvmv (NASA) Cobe Space m¨v‡UjvBU cvVvq hvi

ms‡e`bkxj †mÝi¸‡jv gnvwe‡ùvi‡Yi NUbvg~jK Aewkóvsk ev wQ‡U‡dvUv

a‡i ivL‡Z m¶g nq| GB Avwe®‥vi gnvwe‡ùvi‡Yi cÖgvY enb K‡i, hv wKbv

gnvwek¦ †h k~Y¨ve¯v †_‡K m„ó n‡q‡Q ZviB •eÁvwbK e¨vL¨v|

wekvj †Uwj‡¯‥vcmn GWDBb

nvej

GB AvqvZwU‡Z D³ “Heavens” kãwU w`‡q ‡KviAv‡bi wewfbœ RvqMvq gnvk~Y¨ Avi

wek¦eªþvÛ‡K wb‡ ©k Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b kãwU GKB A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| Ab¨ K_vq gnvwe‡k¦i

cÖmvi‡Yi e¨vcviwU †KviAv‡b cªKvk n‡q‡Q| Avi GUvB †mB cig wm×vš— ev K_v †hLv‡b weÁvb

AvR †c․u‡Q‡Q|

wesk kZvãxi DlvjMœ ch©š— weÁvb RM‡Z GB GKwUgvÎ aviYv cÖPwjZ wQj †h, Ógnvwe‡k¦i

i‡q‡Q GKwU w i ev AcwieZ©bxq cÖK…wZ ev Ae v Ges Abbš—Kvj a‡iB Gi Aw¯—Z¡ i‡q‡Q|ÓA_©vr

Gi †Kvb ïi †bB, cwieZ©bI †bB| hvB †nvK cÖK…Zc‡¶B gnvwe‡k¦iI †h GKwU m~PYv ev Avi¤¢

wQj Avi GwU µgvMZB ÓcÖmvwiZÓ n‡Q Ñ AvaywbK cÖhyw³mg~n Øviv M‡elYv, ch©‡e¶Y Avi MYbv

Pvwj‡q G Z_¨wU cvIqv †M‡Q|

wesk kZvãxi †Mvuovi w`‡K ivwkqvb c`v_©we` Alexander Friedmann Ges †ejwRqv‡gi

gnvwek¦welqK weÁvbx Georges Lemaitre w_Iix w`‡q ev ZË¡MZfv‡e MYbv K‡i †`‡Lb †h

wek¦eªþvÛ weivgnxbfv‡e wbqZB MwZkxj i‡q‡Q Avi GwU cÖmvwiZI n‡Q|

1929 mv‡j ch©‡e¶Yg~jK WvUvi gva¨‡gI G welqwU cÖgvwYZ nq| Av‡gwiKvb †R¨vwZwe©`

Edwin Hubble GKwU †Uwj‡¯‥vc w`‡q AvKvk ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z wM‡q Avwe®‥vi K‡ib †h

b¶ÎcyÄ Avi M¨vjw·¸‡jv ci¯úi †_‡K µgvMZB `~‡i m‡i hv‡Q | wek¦ eªþv‡Ê mewKQz ci¯úi

†_‡K `~‡i m‡i hv‡Q, G‡ZB cÖgvwYZ nq †h GB gnvwek¦ wbqZ cÖmvwiZ gnvwek¦ |

gnvwe‡ùvi‡Yi gyn~Z© †_‡KB wek¦eªþvÛ GK wekvj

†e‡M µgvMZ cÖmvwiZ n‡Q| weÁvbxMY gnvwe‡k¦i

GB cÖmviY‡K evZv‡m †dvjv‡bv GKwU †ejy‡bi c„‡ôi

m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb|

gnvwek¦ †h cÖwZwbqZ cÖmvwiZ n‡Q Ñ GwUi mZ¨Zv cieZ©x eQimg~‡ni ch©‡e¶Y Øviv cÖgvwYZ

nq| A_P GB welqwU cweÎ †KviAv‡b †h mgqwU‡Z e¨vL¨v Kiv nq ZLb Zv †KD Rvb‡Zv bv|

†Kbbv †KviAvb Avj­vni evYx, whwb mgMÖ wek¦eªþv‡Ûi m„wóKZ©v I kvmbKZ©v|

AvKvk I c„w_exi wefw³ I c„_KxKib

MMbgÛjxi m„wó cÖm‡½ Av‡iKwU Avqv‡Z wb‡gœi Dw³wU Kiv n‡q‡Q t

ÒAwek¦vmxiv wK Bnv j¶¨ K‡i bvB †h AvKvk I c„w_ex IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e wg‡k wQj (mshy³

Ae vq wQj), Zvici Avwg Dfq‡K Avjv`v K‡i w`jvg Ges cÖvYevb mg¯ — wKQz Avwg m„wó

Kijvg cvwb †_‡K| ZeyI wK Zviv Cgvb Avb‡e bv ?Ó (†KviAvb, 21 t 30)

Aviex Awfav‡b ivZ&K¡ ( ratq) kãwU Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q Ò†mjvBK…ZÓ, ÒeybbK…ZÓ k‡ã- hvi A_©

ÓGKwU AciwUi m‡½ mshy³ ev mswgwkªZ n‡q GKvKvi Ae vq wQjÓ| wfbœ wfbœ `ywU e¯‧ wg‡j

GKwU ALÛ e ‧ •Zix K‡i - GwU D‡j­L Ki‡ZB kãwU e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| ÓAvwg †mjvB Ly‡j wehy³

K‡iwQÓ - GB kã mgwó Aviex‡Z GKwU wµqvc` dvZvK¡&v (fataqa) w`‡q cÖKvk Kiv nq| GB

kãwU GUvB m~wPZ K‡i †h, †Kvb wKQz ivZK¡ Ae vq c~‡e© wQj, GLb †mwU wQu‡o wM‡q wfbœ wfbœ

Avjv`v wRwbl Aw —‡Z¡ G‡m‡Q| gvwU †f` K‡i GKwU exR †_‡K AsKzi †ei nIqvi Kv‡RI GB

wµqvc`wU e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K|

Pjyb Avgiv ü`‡q G aviYvwU †cvlY K‡i AvqvZwUi Dci Av‡iKevi „wócvZ Kwi| G

AvqvZwU Abymv‡i cÖ_‡g c„w_ex Avi MMbgÛj mshy³ Ae¯vq ivZK¡ wn‡m‡e wQj| G‡`i GKwU

AciwU †_‡K †ei n‡q Avjv`v n‡q‡Q (dvZvK¡v n‡q‡Q)| AvMÖ‡ni m‡½ Avgiv hLb gnvwe‡ùvi‡Yi

(Big Bang) cÖ_g gyn~Z©¸‡jv ¯§iY K‡i †`wL, Z‡e Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, gnvwe‡k¦i mg — e¯‧

ev c`v_© GKwU gvÎ we›`y‡Z we`¨gvb wQj| Ab¨K_vq ÒMMbgÛjx I c„w_exÓ Ñ hLb ZL‡bv m„wó

nqwb ZLb ivZK¡ Ae vq wQj | cÖPÛ ev fqsKifv‡e we› ywU we‡ùvwiZ nq - hviB d‡j we`¨gvb

mg — e — ‡jv wQbœ wfbœ n‡q hvq (dvZvK¡v†Z) ; Avi G cÖwµqv‡ZB m„ó n‡q‡Q mgMÖ wek ¦eªþvÛ|

‣eÁvwbKfv‡e cÖvß Z_¨vejxi m‡½ AvqvZwUi Awfe¨w³¸‡jv Zzjbv K‡i Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB

†h, Giv ci¯úi ci¯ú‡ii m‡½ wbLuyZfv‡e mvgÄm¨c~Y©| h‡_ó †K․Zzn‡ji e¨vcvi GwU †h wesk

kZvãxi Av‡M GB Z_¨¸‡jv cvIqv hvqwb|

K¶c_ivwR

cweÎ †KviAv‡b hLbB P› ª Avi m~‡h©i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q ZLbB AZ¨š— ¸i‡Z¡i mwnZ D‡j­L

Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, P› ª Avi m~h© `ywUB wbw`©ó K¶c‡_ N~Y©vqgvb Ae vq i‡q‡Q|

Avi wZwbB m„wó K‡i‡Qb ivwÎ I w`b Ges P›`ª I m~h©| mevB wbR wbR K¶c‡_ wePiY

K‡i| (†KviAvb, 21 t 33)

QwewU gnvwe‡ùviY‡K wPwÎZ K‡i‡Q hv Av‡iv GKevi cÖKvk K‡i †h, Avj­vn ZvAvjv

k~Y¨ve v ev Aw —Z¡nxb Ae v †_‡K gnvwek¦ m„wó K‡i‡Qb| gnvwe‡ùviY (Big Bang)

•eÁvvwbK Z_¨vw` w`‡q cÖgvwYZ GKwU w_Iix| hw`I wKQz wKQz weÁvbx gnvwe‡ùvi‡Yi

wecix‡Z wfbœ wfbœ w_Iix `vo Kiv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, wKš‧ •eÁvwbK cÖgvYvw` Øviv weÁvbx mgvR

KZ©„K G Big Bang Gi w_IixwU c~Y©fv‡e M„nxZ n‡q‡Q|

m~h© †h w i Ae vq †bB eis GKwU mywbw`©ó K¶c‡_ wePiY Ki‡Q G welqwU Av‡iKwU Avqv‡Z

D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q t

Avi m~h© ¯xq Mš—e¨ ¯v‡bi w`‡K Pj‡Z _v‡K| GUv civµgkvjx, me©‡Ái wbqš¿Y|

(†KviAvb, 36 t 38)

GB †h welqmg~n ‡KviAv‡bi gva¨‡g Avgiv AeMZ n‡qwQ †m¸‡jv Avgv‡`i hy‡M

†R¨vwZwe©Áv‡bi ch©‡e¶Y Øviv D`NvwUZ n‡q‡Q| ‡R¨vwZwe©Áv‡b AwfÁRb‡`i MYbvbymv‡i m~h©

Solar Apex bvgK GKwU wbw`©ó K¶c‡_ N›Uvq 720,000 wK‡jvwgUvi †e‡M Vega bvgK GKwU

b¶‡Îi w`‡K MwZkxj ev ågYiZ i‡q‡Q| Gi A_© GB `vovq †h, m~h© cÖwZw`b M‡o cÖvq

17,280,000 wK‡jvwgUvi c_ AwZµg K‡i _v‡K| m~‡h©i m‡½ m‡½ m~‡h©i gva¨vKl©YRwbZ

wm‡÷‡gi AvIZvq Aš—f©~&³ Ab¨vb¨ MÖn, b¶Î¸‡jvI GKB `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i| AwaKš‧

wek¦eªþv‡Ûi mg — b¶ÎcyÄ wVK Abyiƒcfv‡e cwiKwíZ MwZ‡Z Pjbkxj i‡q‡Q|

wVK Gi g‡ZvB †MvUv wek¦eªþvÛ †h GKB ai‡Yi c_ Avi K¶c‡_ cwic~Y© Zv wbgœiƒ‡c

†KviAv‡b ewY©Z i‡q‡Q t

Kmg eû c_ Avi K¶c_ wewkó Avmgv‡bi| ( †KviAvb, 51 t 7)

gnvwe‡k¦ cÖvq 200 wewjqb M¨vjvw· i‡q‡Q, hv‡`i cÖwZwU 200 wewjqb b¶ÎcyÄ wb‡q MwVZ|

‡ekxi fvM b¶‡Îi i‡q‡Q MÖn Avi MÖ‡ni i‡q‡Q DcMÖn| MMbgÛ‡ji mg — e¯‧¸‡jvB mwVKfv‡e

MYbvK…Z K¶c_mg~‡n NyY©vqgvbiZ i‡q‡Q| wgwjqb wgwjqb eQi a‡i G‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡KB wbR wbR

K¶c‡_ ci¯ú‡ii m‡½ m¤ú~Y© mvgÄm¨ I mwVK weY¨vm †i‡L ÓNy‡iÓ †eov‡Q| G QvovI eû

ayg‡KZz i‡q‡Q hviv Zv‡`i Rb¨ wbw`©ó K¶c‡_ wePiY K‡i|

gnvwe‡k¦i K¶c_ivwR †Kewj GB MMbgÛjxi MÖn-b¶‡Îi Rb¨ bq| M¨vjvw·¸‡jvI

mwVKfv‡e MYbvK…Z cwiKwíZ K¶c_mg~‡n wekvj †e‡M wePiY K‡i| GB wePi‡Yi mgq

gnvKv‡ki †Kvb e¯‧ GKwU Av‡iKwUi c‡_ P‡j hvqbv wKsev msN‡l© wjß nq bv|

GUv mywbwðZ †h, †KviAvb bvwhj nIqvi Kv‡j GLbKvi g‡Zv †Uwj‡¯‥vc Avwe®K…Z nqwb,

wQjbv ch©‡e¶‡Yi Rb¨ DbœZ cÖhyw³ hvi mvnv‡h¨ GLb gnvk~‡Y¨i wgwjqb wgwjqb RvqMv ch©‡e¶Y

Kiv hvq, wQjbv c`v_©we`¨v ev †R¨vwZwe©`¨vi AvaywbK Ávb fvÛvi| ‡KviAv‡b †hgb ejv n‡q‡Q †h

Ògnvk~Y¨ c_ Avi K¶c_mg~‡n cwic~Y©Ó - hw`I ZLbKvi mgq Zv wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e wQj bv| A_P

†KviAv‡b ‡ek ¯úófv‡e welqwU ewY©Z i‡q‡Q - ‡Kbbv GB †KviAvb gnvcivµgkvjx, gnvÁvbx

Avj­vn ZvAvjvi evYx|

c„w_exi †MvjvK…wZ

wZwb Avmgvb I Rwgb m„wó K‡i‡Qb h_vh_fv‡e| wZwb ivwÎ w`‡q w`b‡K AvQvw`Z K‡ib

Ges w`b w`‡q ivw·K AvQvw`Z K‡ib| wZwb wbqgvaxb K‡i‡Qb m~h© I P›`ª‡K| cÖ‡Z¨‡KB

wba©vwiZ mgq ch©š— Pj‡Z _vK‡e| †R‡b ivL wZwb civµgkvjx, cig ¶gvkxj|

(‡KviAvb, 39 t 5)

Dc‡i cÖ`wk©Z n¨vwji ayg‡KZz Acivci ayg‡KZzi g‡ZvB mwVKfv‡e cwiKwíZ I wbqwš¿Z GKwU

K¶c‡_ N~Y©vqgvb iZ i‡q‡Q| GwUi GKwU mywbw`©ó K¶c_ i‡q‡Q- †h c‡_ ayg‡KZzwU

gnvk~Y¨RvZ Ab¨vb¨ e¯‧i m‡½ mvgÄm¨ ‡i‡L Zvj wgwj‡q N~Y©biZ i‡q‡Q|

MÖnivwR, MÖn¸‡jvi DcMÖnmg~n, b¶ÎcyÄ Avi GgbwK M¨vjvw·mg~n- Gme gnvk~Y¨RvZ

cÖwZwU e ‧iB i‡q‡Q wbR wbR K¶c_ ‡h¸‡jv AZ¨š— my² MYbv Øviv wbY©q Kiv n‡q‡Q| ‡mB

Avj­vn whwb mgMÖ wek¦eªþvÛ m„wó K‡i‡Qb, wZwb GB mwVK k„sLjv cÖwZôv K‡i‡Qb Ges wZwbB

Zv eRvq †i‡L hv‡Qb |

gnvwe‡k¦i eY©bv w`‡Z wM‡q ‡KviAv‡b †h mg — kãvejx e¨eüZ i‡q‡Q - †m¸‡jv †ek

D‡j­L‡hvM¨| ÒAvQvw`Z ev †gvov‡bvÓ A‡_© Dc‡ii AvqvZwU‡Z †h Aviex kãwUi e¨envi Kiv

n‡q‡Q †mwU n‡jv “Takwir”| Bs‡iRx‡Z Gi A_© ÓGKwU wRwbl Øviv Aci GKwU wRwbl‡K

Rwo‡q ev gywo‡q †`qv - hv wKbv GKwU †cvlv‡Ki g‡Zv fvuR Kiv Ae¯vq †MvQv‡bv i‡q‡Q|Ó

(D`vinYZ, cvMox †hgb K‡i cwiavb Kiv nq, wVK †Zgwbfv‡e GKwU wRwbl w`‡q AciwU‡K

Rov‡bvi Kv‡R Aviex Awfav‡b G kãwU e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q)| w`b I ivwÎ ci¯úi‡K Rwo‡q ev

AvQvw`Z Ae vq i‡q‡Q - AvqvZwU‡Z cÖ`Ë GB Z_¨ Øviv c„w_exi AvK…wZi mwVK Z_¨B cÖ`vb

Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Ae vwU †Kej ‡mB Ae vq mwVK n‡Z cv‡i hLb c„w_exi AvK…wZ nq †MvjvKvi|

Gi A_© mßg kZvãx‡Z bvwhjK…Z †KviAv‡b c„w_ex †MvjvKvi nIqvi welqwUi BswMZ †`qv

n‡qwQj|

hvB †nvK GUv ¯§iY ivLv DwPZ ‡h gnvwek¦ m¤ú‡K© †m mgqKvi †R¨vwZwe©`¨vi Ávb wQj

wfbœiƒc| ZLbKvi mgq g‡b Kiv n‡Zv †h c„w_ex GKwU mgZj GjvKv Avi G wek¦v‡mi Dci wfwË

K‡iB weÁvb welqK mg¯— MYbv Avi e¨vL¨vw` `vo Kiv‡bv n‡qwQj| A_P Avgiv MZ kZvãx‡Z †h

Z_¨wU †R‡bwQ Zv †KviAv‡bi AvqvZwU‡Z Aš—f©y³ wQj| †h‡nZz †KviAvb Avj­vn Zvqvjvi evYx,

†m‡nZz hLb wek¦eªþv‡Ûi eY©bv †`qv n‡q‡Q, ZLb mePvB‡Z ï× Avi mwVK kãwU e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q|

myiw¶Z Qv`

‡KviAv‡b gnvb Avj­vn ZvAvjv AvKv‡ki GKwU AZ¨š— †K․ZznjKi •ewk‡ó¨i cªwZ Avgv‡`i

g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y K‡i‡Qb t

Avi Avwg Avmgvb‡K m„wó K‡iwQ GKwU myiw¶Z Qv`iƒ‡c, wKš‧ Zviv Zvi wb`k©bvejx

†_‡K gyL wdwi‡q iv‡L| (‡KviAvb, 21 t 32)

wesk kZvãx‡Z •eÁvwbK M‡elYv Øviv AvKv‡ki G •ewkó¨wU cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q|

Rxe‡bi Aweivg MwZaviv eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ c„w_ex‡K wN‡i †h evqygÛj i‡q‡Q Zv †ek

¸iZ¡c~Y© KvR K‡i hv‡Q| hLb eo, †QvU eû Dév c„w_exi w`‡K †a‡q Av‡m, ZLb evqygÛj

G‡`i‡K f~c„‡ô cwZZ n‡Z †`q bv| Gfv‡eB c„w_exi RxeRMZ‡K Dév cZ‡bi ¶wZKi w`K

†_‡K evuwP‡q †`q evqygÊj|

Zv Qvov gnvk~Y¨ †_‡K RxweZ e ‧ mg~‡ni Rb¨ ¶wZKi ‡h iwk¥ wbM©Z nq Zv‡K wdëvi K‡i

ev †Q‡uK †kvab K‡i evqygÛj| ‡K․Zzn‡ji e¨vcviwU n‡jv GB †h, ‡h iwk¥mg~n Rx‡ei Rb¨

¶wZKi bq, eis DcKvix, †hgb, `k©b‡hvM¨ Av‡jv, Near Ultraviolet Light Avi †eZvi

Zi½‡KB evqygÛj AwZµg Ki‡Z †`q| G mg — iwk¥ Rxe‡bi Rb¨ AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq| Near

Ultraviolet Ray, ‡hwU wKbv †Kej AvswkKfv‡e evqygÛj KZ…©K Avm‡Z cv‡i, Zv Dw™¢‡`i

mv‡jvK ms‡k­lY Avi mg — Rxemg~‡ni wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ AZ¨š— ¸iZ¡c~Y©|

m~h© †_‡K ‡h AwZ Mvp Avëªfv‡qv‡jU iwk¥ wbM©Z nq, Zv evqygÛ‡ji I‡hvb —i w`‡q wdëvi

nq ; Gfv‡e Avëªvfv‡qv‡jU iwk¥i AZ¨š— mxwgZ Avi AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq Ask f~-c„‡ô G‡m †c․u‡Q|

evqygÛ‡ji myi¶vi KvR GLv‡bB †kl nqbv| gnvk~‡Y¨i cÖvq -270wWMªx ‡mw›U‡MÖ‡Wi g‡Zv

eid VvÛv ZvcgvÎv †_‡KI evqygÛj c„w_ex‡K i¶v K‡i _v‡K|

Rxe‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq iwk¥¸‡jv‡KB evqygÛj c„w_ex‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z †`q| D`vniY¯iƒc,

Avëªvfv‡qv‡jU iwk¥ †Kej AvswkK fv‡e Avm‡Z cv‡i| mv‡jvK ms‡k­l‡Yi gva¨‡g Dw™¢` mg~‡ni Lv`¨

cÖ¯‧wZi Rb¨ Avi cwi‡k‡l mg¯— Rxe‡K wUwK‡q ivLvi g‡Zv AZ¨š— mwVK cwigvYB (Avëªvfv‡qv‡jU iwk¥)

cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i|

MMbgÛj Ae‡jvKb Ki‡Z wM‡q †ekxifvM gvbylB evhygÛ‡ji myi¶vi ev wbivc` ivLvi

welqwU wb‡q †f‡e †`‡Lbv| Zviv cÖvq KLbB wPš—v K‡ibv †h, hw` evqygÛ‡ji Gai‡Yi MVb

bv _vK‡Zv, c„w_ex wK ai‡Yi RvqMv n‡Zv| Dévi cZ‡bi d‡j Av‡gwiKvq, AvwiRybv‡Z †h

wekvj M‡Z©i m„wó n‡q‡Q ZvB †`Lv‡Q Dc‡ii QwewU| evqygÛj bv _vK‡j wgwjqb wgwjqb

DévwcÛ c„w_ex‡Z G‡m co‡Zv, hvi d‡j Zv emev‡mi A‡hvM¨ RvqMv n‡q †h‡Zv| wKš‧

evqygÛ‡ji myi¶vi w`KwU c„w_exi RxeRMZ‡K wbivc‡` emevm Kivi my‡hvM w`‡Q| wbðqB

GwU gvbyl‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ Avj­vniB GKwU wm‡÷g Ges GKwU A‡j․wKK wRwbl hv

†KviAv‡b †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

m~‡h© we‡ùvi‡Yi d‡j wbM©Z kw³ †h wK cwigvY

¶gZv iv‡L Zv gvbegb K`vwPZB fve‡Z cv‡i|

Gi GKwUgvÎ we‡ùviY wn‡ivwkgvq cwZZ 100

wewjqb GUg †evgvi mgZzj¨| evqygÛj Avi f¨vb

G‡jb †e‡ëi Rb¨ GB kw³i ¶wZKi w`K †_‡K

gnvwek¦ wbivc` i‡q‡Q|

gvbe Rxe‡bi Rb¨ c~Y©v½ mvgÄm¨c~Y© K‡i m„ó

c„w_ex †_‡K evqygʇji evB‡i gnvk~‡Y¨ hw`

Avgiv m‡i hvB, Z‡e eid kxZj VvÛvi Ke‡j

co‡ev| gnvk~‡Y¨i -270 wWMÖx †mw›U‡MÖ‡Wi g‡Zv

eid kxZj VvÛv n‡Z c„w_ex wbivc‡` i‡q‡Q GB

evqygÛ‡ji Rb¨|

G QwewU‡Z †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q †h, GKwU Dév wcÛ c„w_ex‡Z cÖvq AvNvZ nvb‡Z hv‡Q| gnvk~‡Y¨ Pjgvb e¯‧¸‡jv

f~-c„‡ôi Rb¨ fqvbK fxwZKi n‡Z cvi‡Zv| wKš‧ whwb (Avj­vn) me‡P‡q mgwšZfv‡e m„wó K‡i‡Qb wZwb

myi¶vi Qv`I evwb‡q‡Qb| we‡kl ai‡Yi GB Qv‡`i e‡`․j‡Z †ewki fvM DévwcÛ LÛ LÛ n‡q evqygÛ‡j

cwZZ nq, wKš‧ ZviciI f~-c„‡ôi †Kvb ¶wZ K‡i bv|

evqygÛj GKvB †Kej c„w_ex‡K ¶wZKi cÖfve †_‡K i¶v K‡ibv| evqygÛ‡ji mv‡_ c„w_exi

g¨vM‡bwUK wdì Øviv •Zix f¨vb G‡jb †eë bvgK GKwU ¯—iI Avgv‡`i MÖnwU‡K †mB mg —

fxwZKi Avi ¶wZKi iwk¥ weQziY †_‡K i¶vi cÖ‡qvR‡b eg© wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| m~h© Avi Ab¨vb¨

b¶Î †_‡K AweiZ weQzwiZ G mg — iwk¥ Rxe RM‡Zi Rb¨ fqvbK ¶wZKi| f¨vb G‡jb †eëwU

hw` bv _vK‡Zv Z‡e m~‡h©i †fZ‡i Nb Nb msNwVZ wekvj we‡ùvi‡bi kw³ hv Solar Flare bv‡g

cwiwPZ Zv c„w_exi mgMÖ cÖvYx RMZ‡K aŸsm K‡i w`‡Zv|

Avgv‡`i Rxe‡bi Rb¨ f¨vb G‡jb †eë Gi ¸i‡Z¡i K_v ej‡Z wM‡q Wt wnDM im †K ej‡Z

n‡q‡Q t

cÖK…Zc‡¶ †m․i RM‡Zi Ab¨ †h †Kvb MÖ‡ni PvB‡Z Avgv‡`i c„w_exi NbZ¡

A‡bK †ekx| wekvj wb‡Kj-‡j․n ¯—i Avgv‡`i wekvj g¨vM‡bwUK wdì Gi Rb¨ `vqx|

GB g¨vM‡bwUK wdìwUB f¨vb G‡jb ‡iwW‡qkb eg©wU •Zix K‡i‡Q hv ‡iwW‡qkbRwbZ

†Mvjvel©Y †_‡K f~c„ô‡K i¶v Ki‡Q| GB eg© ev XvjwU bv _vK‡j c„w_ex‡Z cÖv‡Yi Aw¯—Z¡

Am¤¢e n‡q `vov‡Zv| eya Av‡iKwU ce©Zgq MÖn hvi g¨vM‡bwUK wdì i‡q‡Q - GB —‡ii

¶gZv c„w_exi f¨vb G‡jb †eëwUi †P‡q 100 ¸Y Kg| GgbwK ïµ MÖn †hwU Avgv‡`i

cv‡ki MÖn hvi †Kvb f¨vb G‡jb †eë †bB| f¨vb- G‡jb ‡iwW‡qk‡bi GB XvjwU GK

gvÎ c„w_exi Rb¨B m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q Abb¨iƒ‡c|1

c„w_exi g¨vM‡bwUK wdì Øviv •Zix g¨vM‡b‡Uvwùqvi ¯—i c„w_ex‡K gnvk~Y¨RvZ

e¯‧, ¶wZKi KmwgK iwk¥ Ges KYvmg~n †_‡K wbivc‡` ivLvi Rb¨ eg© wn‡m‡e

KvR K‡i| g¨vM‡b‡Uvwùqvi hvi bvg f¨vb G‡jb ‡eë - †mwUB Dc‡ii wP‡Î

†`Lv hv‡Q| c„w_ex †_‡K mnmª mnmª wK‡jvwgUvi Dc‡i Aew¯Z GB †eëwU

gvivZ¥K ¶wZKi kw³ †_‡K c„w_exi Rxe RMr‡K i¶v K‡i hv‡Q, b‡Pr

gnvk~Y¨ †_‡K fqvbK GB kw³ c„w_ex‡Z G‡m †c․uQyZ| G mg — •eÁvwbK

Z_¨vw` cÖgvY K‡i †h, we‡kl GK c×wZ‡Z c„w_ex wbivc` i‡q‡Q| ¸iZ¡c~Y©

e¨vcvi n‡jv †h , 1400 eQi c~‡e© G AvqvZwU Øviv GB wbivcËv e¨e vi K_v

Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q t Ó Avi Avwg Avmgvb‡K m„wó K‡iwQ GKwU myiw¶Z

Qv`iƒ‡c...Ó

GB we‡ùviY¸‡jvi GKwUi d‡j †h kw³ mieivn nq Zv wn‡ivwkgvq cwZZ 100 wewjqb GUg

†evgvi mgZj¨ e‡j MYbv I wbY©q Kiv n‡q‡Q| we‡ùvi‡Yi 58 eQi ci ch©‡e¶Y K‡i †`Lv

†M‡Q †h,K¤úv‡mi g¨vM‡bwUK m~PKwU A¯vfvweK bovPov cÖ`k©b Ki‡Q| Avi c„w_exi evqygÛ‡ji

250 wK‡jvwgUvi Dc‡i ZvcgvÎv mnmv †e‡o wM‡q 2500 wWMÖx †mw›U‡MÖ‡W †c․‡uQ‡Q|

ms‡¶‡c f~-c„‡ôi Dc‡i DuPz —‡i GKwU wbLuyZ wm‡÷g Kg©iZ i‡q‡Q| GwU Avgv‡`i we‡k¦i

Pvwiw`K Ry‡o Kg©iZ Ges wek¦‡K evB‡ii Avmbœ wec` ev AvksKv †_‡K i¶v Ki‡Q| hw`I kZ

kZ eQi c~‡e© Avj­vn Zvqvjv cweÎ †KviAv‡b Avgv‡`i AewnZ K‡i‡Qb †h, c„w_exi evqygÛj

GKwU myiw¶Z Xvj wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Q| A_P weÁvbxMY †Kej †mw`bB Zv Rvb‡Z †c‡i‡Qb|

AvKv‡ki cÖZ¨veZ©b Kvh©vejx

cweÎ †KviAv‡b m~iv Zvwi‡Ki 11bs Avqv‡Z Avj­vn ZvAvjv AvKv‡ki cÖZ¨veZ©b Kvh©vejxi

K_vwU D‡j­L K‡i‡Qb t

Kmg Avmgv‡bi, hv †_‡K e„wócvZ nq| (‡KviAvb, 86 t 11)

‡KviAvb Abyev‡`i †ejvq GB AveZ©bkxj (Cyclical) kãwU Av‡iv KwU A_© eywS‡q _v‡K ;

†hgb, Ò†dir cvVv‡bvÓ, wKsev Òwd‡i AvmvÓ ev ÒcÖZ¨veZ©bÓ|

meviB Rvbv Av‡Q †h, c„w_ex‡K wN‡i _vKv evqygÛj †ek KwU ¯—i wb‡q MwVZ| Gi cÖwZwU

—iB Rxe‡bi Kj¨v‡b wewea cÖKvi ¸iZ¡c~Y© fywgKv †i‡L hv‡Q| M‡elYvq D‡b¥vwPZ n‡q‡Q †h, ¯—i

¸‡jvq †h mg — e¯‧ wKsev iwk¥ G‡m †c․u‡Q †m¸‡jv‡K AvKv‡k wKsev fyc„‡ô †dir cvwV‡q †`q GB

evqygÊj| GLb Pjyb c„w_ex‡K cwi‡eóbKvix GB ¯—i¸‡jvi ÓAveZ©bÓ ev cÖZ¨veZ©b cÖwµqv wKQz

`„óv‡š—i gva¨‡g ch©‡e¶b Kwi|

(1) f~-c„‡ôi 13-15 wK‡jvwgUvi Dc‡i Uª‡cvwùqvi bvgK ¯ —iwU f~c„ô †_‡K DwÌZ cvwb

ev®ú‡K Nbxf~Z K‡i e„wóiƒ‡c †dir cvVvq|

(2) 25 wK‡jvwgUvi Dcwiw Z I‡hvb ¯—iwU gnvk~Y¨ †_‡K Avmv ¶wZKi iwk¥ Avi

Avëªvfv‡qv‡jU iwk¥ Dfq‡KB cÖwZdwjZ K‡i gnvk~‡Y¨B †dir cvVvq|

(3) Avq‡bvwùqvi †eZvi Zi½ m¤cÖPvi‡K AcÖwZ‡ivax †hvMv‡hvMKvix DcMÖ‡ni (Passive

Communication Sattelite) b¨vq cÖwZdwjZ K‡i c„w_exi wewfbœ ¯v‡b †dir cvVvq| Avi

Gfv‡eB Zv AwZ ~i `~iv‡š— Iqvi‡jm †hvMv‡hvM, †iwWI, †Uwjwfkb m¤cÖPvi‡K m¤¢e K‡i Zz‡j|

(4) g¨vM‡b‡Uvwùqvi m~h© I Ab¨vb¨ b¶Î †_‡K wbM©Z ¶wZKi †iwWI GKwUf KYv (Radio

Active Particle) †K f~-c„‡ô †c․uQzevi c~‡e©B gnvk~‡Y¨ †dir cvVvq|

cÖK…Z e¨vcviwU n‡jv ‡h, evqygÛ‡ji GB —i¸‡jvi ‣ewkó¨vejx hv wbKU AZx‡Z D‡b¥vwPZ

n‡q‡Q - †m¸‡jvB cweÎ †KviAv‡b kZ kZ eQi Av‡M †NvwlZ n‡qwQj - Avi GwUB Avev‡iv cÖgvY

K‡i †h, †KviAvb Avj­vn ZvAvjviB evYx |

I‡hv‡bvwùqvi Ggb GKwU ¯—i hv f~-c„‡ôi Rxemg~‡ni Rb¨ ¶wZKi n‡Z cv‡i Ggb me iwk¥i AvMg‡b

evav †`q| Avëªvfv‡qv‡jU iwk¥i b¨vq ¶wZKi KmwgK iwk¥¸‡jv‡K gnvk~‡Y¨ †dir cvwV‡q w`‡q

I‡hv‡bvwùqvi c„w_exi Rxemg~n‡K iwk¥mg~‡ni ¶wZKi cÖfve †_‡K i¶v K‡i _v‡K|

c„w_ex‡Z Rxemg~‡ni †e‡uP _vKvi Rb¨ cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb Acwinvh©| Uª‡cvwùqvi —iwU cvwb Drc‡bœi Kv‡R

mvnvh¨ K‡i ; f~c„ô †_‡K DwÌZ ev®ú‡K Uª‡cvwùqvi Nbxf~Z K‡i e„wó wn‡m‡e c„w_ex‡Z †dir cvVvq|

evqygÛ‡ji —i

gnvwek¦ m¤ú‡K© †KviAv‡bi Z_¨¸‡jvi GKwU n‡jv †h, AvKvk mvZwU ¯—i wb‡q MwVZ|

wZwb Ggb whwb m„wó K‡i‡Qb †Zvgv‡`i Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ c„w_exi mewKQz| Zvici wZwb

g‡bv‡hvM w`‡jb AvKv‡ki cÖwZ Ges weY¨ — Ki‡jb Zv mvZ Avmgvbiƒ‡c| Avi wZwb

me©wel‡q mwe‡kl AewnZ| (†KviAvb, 2 t 29)

AZtci wZwb Avmgv‡bi cÖwZ g‡bvwb‡ek Ki‡jb, ZLb Zv wQj a~gªer| Zvici wZwb

Zv‡K

I c„w_ex‡K ej‡jb t †Zvgiv Df‡q Avm †¯Qvq wKsev AwbQvq| Zviv Df‡q ejj t

Avgiv †¯^Qvq I mvb‡›` Avmjvg|

Zvici wZwb AvKvkgÛj‡K yÕw`‡b mvZ Avmgv‡b cwiYZ Ki‡jb Ges cÖ‡Z¨K Avmgv‡b

Zvi Rb¨ Av‡`k †cÖiY Ki‡jb| Avi Avwg wbKUeZ©x Avmgvb‡K my‡kvwfZ K‡iwQ

b¶ÎivwR w`‡q Ges Zv‡K †ndvRZ K‡iwQ| GUv civµgkvjx, me©Á Avj­vni

e¨e¯vcbv| (†KviAvb, 41 t 11-12)

evqygÛ‡ji cÖwZwU ¯—‡iiB i‡q‡Q gvbe RvwZi Rb¨ DcKvix •ewkó¨vejx| `„óvš— ¯^iƒc Avq‡bvwùqvi ¯—iwU †Kvb

wbw`©ó †K›`ª n‡Z m¤cÖPvwiZ †eZvi Zi½‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i wb‡gœ c„w_ex‡Z †dir cvVvq| Gfv‡eB —iwU `~i-`~iv‡š—

m¤cÖPvi‡K m¤¢e K‡i Zz‡j‡Q|

†KviAv‡bi eû Avqv‡Z †h “Heavens” kãwU G‡m‡Q Zv Øviv c„w_exi Dc‡ii AvKvk Z_v

gnvwek¦‡K eySv‡bv n‡q _v‡K| G kãwUi Ggb A_© n‡j †`Lv hvq †h c„w_exi AvKvk wKsev

evqygÛj mvZwU ¯ —i wb‡q MwVZ| ev¯—weKB GLb Rvbv wM‡q‡Q †h, c„w_exi evqygÛ‡ji i‡q‡Q

K‡qKwU —i †h¸‡jvi GKwU Av‡iKwUi Dci Aew¯Z| AwaKš‧ †KviAv‡b †hgb ewY©Z i‡q‡Q

†Zgwb wVK mvZwU —i wb‡q evqygÛj MwVZ| ‣eÁvwbK m~Îg‡Z welqwU wbgœiƒ‡c ewY©Z n‡q _v‡K t

weÁvbxMY ch©‡e¶b K‡i‡Qb †h, evqygÛj wewfbœ ¯—i wb‡q MwVZ| Pvc I M¨v‡mi cÖKv‡ii

gZ †f․Z ¸Yvejx Øviv ¯ —img~n wfbœZv cÖ`k©b K‡i| f~c„‡ôi me‡P‡q wbKUZg ¯—i n‡jv

Uª‡cvwùqvi| evqygÛ‡ji 90 kZvsk wb‡q GB ¯—i MwVZ| Uª‡cvwùqv‡ii Dc‡ii ¯—iwU‡K

ejv nq ÷ªv‡Uvwùqvi| I‡hvb ¯—i ÷ªv‡Uvwùqv‡iiB GKwU Ask †hLv‡b Avëªvfv‡qv‡jU

iwk¥ †kvwlZ n‡q _v‡K| ÷ªv‡Uvwùqv‡ii Dc‡ii ¯—iwU‡K ejv nq †g‡mvwùqvi|

Rxe‡bi Rb¨ c ª‡qvRbxq cÖwZwU •ewkó¨ i‡q‡Q c„w_exi| G¸‡jviB GKwU n‡jv evqygÛj, hv Rxe RMr†K i¶v Kivi

Kv‡R eg© wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| AvR GwU GKwU cÖwZwôZ mZ¨ †h, evqygÛj GKwUi Dci Ab¨wU Aew¯Z - GgbZi

mvZwU —i wb‡q MwVZ| wVK †KviAv‡bi eY©bvi g‡ZvB GwU wVK mvZwU ¯—i wb‡q MwVZ| Aek¨B GwU †KviAv‡bi

GKwU A‡j․wKKZ¡|

†g‡mvwùqv‡ii Dc‡i _v‡K _v‡g©vwùqvi| GB ¯—‡i Avq‡b cwiYZ M¨vm¸‡jv GKwU ¯—i

•Zix K‡i hv‡K ejv nq Avq‡bvwùqvi| c„w_exi evhygÛ‡ji me‡P‡q evB‡ii ¯—iwU

480 wK‡jvwgUvi †_‡K 960 wK‡jvwgUvi ch©š— we —…Z| GB —iwU‡K ejv nq

G‡·vwùqvi|2

Avgiv GB m ~‡Î —i¸‡jvi msL¨v hw` wn‡me K‡i †`wL Z‡e †`Le †h, Avqv‡Z †hgb D‡j­L

Kiv n‡q‡Q wVK †Zgb K‡iB evqygÛj mvZwU ¯—i wb‡q MwVZ t

1. Uª‡cvwùqvi

2. ÷ªv‡Uvwùqvi

3. I‡hv‡bvwùqvi

4. ‡g‡mvwùqvi

5. _v‡g©vwùqvi

6. Avq‡bvwùqvi

7. G‡·vwùqvi

G wel‡q Av‡iKwU ¸iZ¡c~Y© A‡j․wKK e¨vcvi G Dw³‡Z D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q t

AZtci wZwb AvKvk gÊj‡K `yw`‡b mvZ Avmgv†b cwiYZ Ki‡jb Ges cÖ‡Z¨K Avmgv‡b

1400 eQi c~‡e© hLb AvKvk‡K GKwU ALÛ Ask wn‡m‡e g‡b Kiv n‡Zv †KviAv‡b A‡j․wKKfv‡e ZLwb ejv

n‡jv †h GwU mvZwU wfbœ wfbœ —‡i MwVZ| Ab¨ w`‡K AwZ m¤cÖwZ AvaywbK weÁvb G mZ¨wU D`NvUb K‡i‡Q ‡h

c„w_ex‡K wN‡i _vKv evqygÛj mvZwU —i wb‡q MwVZ|

Zvi Rb¨ Av‡`k †cÖiY Ki‡jb| ...........| (†KviAvb, 41 t 22)

Ab¨ K_vq ejv hvq †h AvqvZwU‡Z Avj­vn ZvAvjv GUvB D‡j­L K‡i‡Qb †h, wZwb cÖwZwU

Avmgv‡bi Rb¨ Zv‡`i KiYxq KvR e›Ub K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| mwZ¨B c~‡e©i AvqvZ¸‡jv‡Z Avgiv

†`L‡Z †c‡qwQ †h, f~-c„‡ô emevmKvix Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYxmn gvbeRvwZi DcKviv‡_© cÖwZwU —iB AwZ

cÖ‡qvRbxq KvR K‡i hv‡Q| e„wó Drcbœ Kiv ‡_‡K ïi K‡i ¶wZKi iwk¥mg~n‡K evav `vb, †eZvi

Zi½ cÖwZdwjZ Kiv, Dév wcÛmg~‡ni ¶wZKi cÖfve †_‡K evav †`qv ev wb‡iva Kiv ch©š— we‡kl

we‡kl KvR¸‡jv wfbœ wfbœ ¯—i wfbœ wfbœfv‡e m¤úbœ K‡i _v‡K|

D`vniY¯iƒc, •eÁvwbK m~‡Î G¸‡jvi GKwU Kv‡Ri K_v wb‡gœ D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q t

f~c„‡ôi evqygÛ‡ji i‡q‡Q mvZwU ¯—i| me©wbgœ ¯—iwU n‡jv Uª‡cvwùqvi| e„wó, eid Avi

evZvm †Kej G —iwU‡ZB N‡U _v‡K|3

GwU GKwU eo ai‡Yi A‡j․wKK e¨vcvi †h, GB †h welq¸‡jv wesk kZvãxi †UK‡bvjRx

e¨ZxZ D`NvUb Kiv m¤¢e nIqvi K_v wQj bv, †m¸‡jvB †KviAv‡b 1400 eQi c~‡e© ¯úófv‡e

D‡j­L Kiv n‡qwQj|

ce©Zgvjvi KvR

ce©Zgvjvi GKwU ¸iZ¡c~Y© †f․MwjK Kvh©vejxi cÖwZ Avgv‡`i `„wó AvKl ©Y K‡i cweÎ

†KviAv‡bi wb‡gœi AvqvZ t

Avi Avwg Rwg‡bi Dci my`„p ce©Zgvjv m„wó K‡iwQ hv‡Z Zv‡`i wb‡q Rwgb Szu‡K bv

c‡o ; Ges Avwg †mLv‡b cÖk¯— cÖk — iv —v m„wó K‡iwQ †hb Zviv Mš—e¨ ‡j †cu․Q‡Z cv‡i|

(†KviAvb, 21 t 31)

f~c„‡ôi Mfx‡i bx‡P ce©Zgvjvmg~‡ni g~j Ask i‡q‡Q|

(Earth, Press and Siever, p.413)

f~c„‡ôi K¤úb cÖwZ‡iv‡a ce©Zgvjvi †h f~wgKv i‡q‡Q †mwU Avgiv AvqvZwU‡Z †Lqvj K‡iwQ|

‡KviAvb †h mg‡q bvwhj nq, ZLb †KD G e¨vcviwU m¤ú‡K © AeMZ wQj bv| cÖK…Zc‡¶

AvaywbK f~-weÁv‡bi cÖvß Z_¨mg~‡ni gva¨‡g ‡Kewj †mw`b G welqwU cÖKvk †cj|

G mg — Z_¨vbymv‡i, †h fvix fvix eo †c­U¸‡jv c„w_exi Dc‡ii k³ —i m„wó K‡i, ‡m¸‡jvi

bovPov Avi msN‡l©i d‡jB DrcwË N‡U ce©Zgvjvmg~‡ni| `ywU †c­U hLb ci¯úi av°v Lvq ZLb

kw³kvjx †c­UwU Ab¨ †c­‡Ui bx‡P Mwo‡q P‡j hvq, ZLb Dc‡ii ‡c­UwU †eu‡K wM‡q ce©Z I DuPz DPuy

RvqMvi Rb¥ †`q| wb‡gœi ¯—iwU f~wgi bx‡P AMÖmi n‡q ‡fZ‡ii w`‡K GK Mfxi cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¥

†`q| Gi gv‡b ce©‡Zi i‡q‡Q y‡Uv Ask, Dc‡i mevi Rb¨ `k©b‡hvM¨ GKwU Ask †hgb _v‡K,

†Zgwb bx‡Pi w`‡K Mfx‡i Gi mgcwigvY we —…wZ i‡q‡Q|

Ab¨ Av‡iKwU Qwe‡Z †`Lv hv‡Q †h, ce©Zgvjvi Mfxi g~‡ji Kvi‡Y wKfv‡e ce©Zmg~n †c‡i‡Ki g‡Zv AvKvi

aviY K‡i| (Earth Science, Tarbuck and Lutgens, p.158)

QKe× Ae‡Q`

ce©Zgvjvi i‡q‡Q †c‡i‡Ki g‡Zv Ask hvi Mfxi g~j gvwU‡Z †cÖvw_Z Ae¯vq Av‡Q|

(Anatomy of the Earth, Cailleux, p.220)

ce©Zmg~n f~wgi Dc‡i I wbgœ‡`‡k we¯—…Z n‡q ‡c‡i‡Ki b¨vq f~c„‡ôi wewfbœ †c­U‡K `„pfv‡e AvU‡K a‡i iv‡L| f~-c„‡ôi Dc‡ii

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K¤úb cÖwZ‡iva K‡i A‡bKvs‡k| A_P GB µv‡÷i i‡q‡Q MwZkxj MVb|

weÁv‡bi eB¸‡jv‡Z cvnv‡oi MVb ewY©Z n‡q‡Q wbgœiƒ‡c t

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—i ev µv÷ g¨v›U‡ji †fZ‡i Mfx‡i Xy‡K hvq|4

GKwU Avqv‡Z ce©Zgvjvi GB f~wgKv‡K Ò†c‡i‡KiÓ f~wgKvi m‡½ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q t

Avwg wK Rwgb‡K Kwiwb weQvbv m`„k ?

Ges cvnvomg~n‡K †c‡iK¯^iƒc ? (†KviAvb,78 t 6-7)

Ab¨ K_vq ce©Zgvjv¸‡jv f~c„‡ôi Dc‡i I bx‡P Mfx‡i ewa©Z n‡q †c­U¸‡jv‡K Zv‡`iB mwÜ

ev wgjb¯‡j w ifv‡e a‡i iv‡L| Gfv‡e Zviv c„w_exi Dc‡ii —i ev µv÷‡K „pfv‡e G‡uU iv‡L

Avi g¨vMgv —‡ii Dc‡i wKsev †c­U¸‡jvi gv‡S µv÷ Gi †f‡m hvIqv‡K cÖwZ‡iva K‡i| ms‡¶‡c

Avgiv ce©Zgvjv‡K †j․‡ni †c‡i‡Ki m‡½ Zzjbv Ki‡Z cvwi †h¸‡jv wKbv Kv‡Vi wewfbœ UzKiv‡K

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Øviv ewY©Z i‡q‡Q| Isostasy ej‡Z hv eySvq Zv wbgœiƒc t

Isostasy t gva¨vKl©bRwbZ Pv‡ci d‡j f~c„‡ôi bx‡P mn‡R eµ nq Ggb cv_i RvZxq

wRwbl Øviv c„w_exi µv÷ ev Dcwi¯—‡ii mvaviY fvimvg¨ eRvq _v‡K|5

ce©Zgvjvi GB ¸iZ¡c~Y© KvRwU eû kZvãx c~‡e© ‡KviAv‡b D‡j­L Kiv n‡qwQj hv wKbv AvR

AvaywbK f~weÁv‡b I •eÁvwbK M‡elYv Øviv D‡b¥vwPZ n‡q‡Q - GwU Avj­vn ZvAvjvi m„wó‡Z m‡e©vP

weÁZviB D`vniY|

Avi Avwg Rwg‡bi Dci my`„k ce©Zgvjv m„wó K‡iwQ hv‡Z Zv‡`i‡K wb‡q Rwgb Szu‡K bv

c‡o ; Ges Avwg †mLv‡b cÖk¯— cÖk — iv —v m„wó K‡iwQ †hb Zviv Mš—e¨ ‡j ‡cu․Q‡Z

cv‡i| (†KviAvb, 21 t 31)

ce©Zgvjvi MwZkxjZv

ce©Z¸‡jvi w`‡K ZvKv‡j g‡b nq †hb Giv w¯i, AwePj| cÖK…Zc‡¶ e¨vcviwU Zv bq|

Avm‡j cÖwZwbqZB ce©Zgvjv i‡q‡Q mPj, MwZkxj| GB e¨vcviwU †KviAv‡bi GKwU Avqv‡Z

D‡j­wLZ Av‡Q t

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hv wKQz KiQ, wZwb Zv mg¨K AeMZ Av‡Qb| (†KviAvb, 27 t 88)

c„w_exi Dcwi¯—i (Crust), hvi Dc‡i ce©Zmg~n Aew Z, ‡m ¯—‡ii (Crust) bovPovB

ce©Zgvjvi MwZkxjZvi KviY | bx‡P AwaKZi cyi Av†iKwU —i i‡q‡Q hv‡K ejv nq g¨v›Uj ;

g¨v›U‡ji Dc‡i fvmgvb i‡q‡Q GB Dcwi —iwU(Crust)| GwU wQj wesk kZvãxi cÖ_g fvM, hLb

Rvg©vb weÁvbx Alfred Wegner BwZnv‡m me©cÖ_g cÖ —ve K‡ib †h cÖ_g hLb c„w_exi m„wó nq,

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Gfv‡eB bovPovi Kvi‡Y GKwU Av‡iKwU †_‡K ~‡i m‡i hvq|

Wegner Gi g„Zz¨i cÂvk eQi ci 1980 Gi `k‡K f~-ZË¡we`MY Wegner Gi GB

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Avi BwÛqv| wØZxq AskwU wQj Laurasia bv‡g, †h_vq Aew¯Z wQj BD‡ivc, DËi Av‡gwiKv

Avi BwÛqv ev‡` Gwkqv| GB c„_KxKi‡bi ci 150 wgwjqb eQi a‡i Gondwana Avi

Laurasia ¶z ª ¶z`ª fv‡M Avjv`v n‡q hvq|

The Movement of the

Continent

evg w`‡Ki QwewU AZx‡Z gnv‡`k¸‡jvi

Ae¯vb cÖ`k©b Ki‡Q| gnv‡`k¸‡jvi

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200 wgwjqb

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135 wgwjqb eQi

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50 wgwjqb eQi ci

cwðgfvM

50wgwjqb eQi ci

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Pov weÁvbxMY wbgœiƒ‡c e¨vL¨v K‡ib t

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K‡i cªk¯— †_‡K cÖk —Zi n‡Q|6

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DcKvi| (†KviAvb, 57 t 25)

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GB we‡ùvi‡Yi d‡j †j․n enbKvix Dév¸‡jv wek¦eªþv‡Û Qwo‡q wQwU‡q hvq Ges Zviv ZZ¶Y

ch©š— k~‡Y¨ Pjv‡div K‡i hZ¶b ch©š— gnvk~Y¨RvZ c`v_©My‡jvi gva¨vKl©bRwbZ ej Øviv AvK…ó bv

nq|

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b¶Î¸‡jv n‡Z Dév w`‡q enb K‡i wb‡q Avmv n‡q‡Q c„w_ex‡Z Ges ÓAvgiv †cÖiY K‡iwQ †j․nÓ-

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kZvãx‡Z †KviAvb hLb bvwhj nq ZLbKvi mgq G welqwU weÁvb w`‡q cÖgvY Kiv hvqwb|

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Rv‡b bv Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨K‡K| (†KviAvb, 36 t 36)

hw`I †Rvov ev hyMj kãwU Øviv cyil Avi bvixi †RvovB aviYv Kiv n‡q _v‡K, Ò......wKš‧

Zviv hv‡`i‡K Rv‡b bv Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨K‡K .......Ó- G Dw³wUi Avevi we —…Z cwim‡ii e¨envi A_ev

e¨vL¨v i‡q‡Q| Aaybv GB AvqvZwUi GKwU e¨vL¨vi mZ¨Zv cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q|

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A_©vr cÖwZwU e ‧B wecixZ ¸Yvejxi cÖwZe¯‧i m‡½ †Rvovq †Rvovq ev hyMjiƒ‡c we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q|

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m„wó ev aŸsm k~‡Y¨ mKj mgq mKj ¯v‡b N‡U _v‡K|Ó8

mg‡qi Av‡cw¶KZv

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D‡b¥vwPZ ev cÖgvwYZ nq| A_P ZLbI ch©š— gvbyl RvbZ bv †h mgq Avm‡j GKwU Av‡cw¶K ev

Zzjbvg~jK aviYv Avi Zv cwi‡ek Abyhvqx cwiewZ©Z n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‧ weL¨vZ weÁvbx AvjevU©

AvBbóvBb GB welqwU cÖKv‡k¨ Av‡cw¶KZvi w_Iix w`‡q cÖgvY K‡i †`Lvb| wZwb cÖgvY K‡ib

†h, mgq fi (mass) Avi †e‡Mi (velocity) Dci wbf©ikxj| gvbe RvwZi BwZnv‡m Gi Av‡M

Avi ‡KD G welqwU cwi®‥vifv‡e cÖgvY ev cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb|

A_P wfbœfv‡e cweÎ †KviAv‡b G welqwU Aš—f©~³ i‡q‡Q †h, mgq Av‡cw¶K| welqwU m¤ú‡K©

K‡qKwU AvqvZ hv e‡j Zv wbgœiƒc t

Avi Zviv Avcbv‡K Avhve Z¡ivwš^Z Kivi Rb¨ ZvMv`v Ki‡Q| A_P Avj­vn KLbI Zvui

Iqv`v f½ K‡ib bv| wbðq Avcbvi i‡ei Kv‡Q GKw`b †Zvgv‡`i MYbvi GK nvRvi

eQ‡ii mgvb| (†KviAvb, 22 t 47)

wZwb Avmgvb †_‡K Rwgb ch©š— hveZxq welq cwiPvjbv K‡ib, Ae‡k‡l Zv Zvui mgx‡c

Ggb GKw`‡b †cu․Qv‡e, hvi cwigvY n‡e †Zvgv‡`i MYbvbyhvqx nvRvi eQ‡ii mgvb|

(†KviAvb, 32 t 5)

†d‡ikZvMY Ges iƒn Avj­vni mgx‡c Av‡ivnY K‡i hvq Ggb GK w`‡b, hvi cwigvY

cÂvk nvRvi eQi| (‡KviAvb, 70 t 4)

mg‡qi aviYvwU m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wbf©i K‡i †h mgqwU Dcjwä Ki‡Q Zvi Dci| ‡Kvb GKwU wbw`©ó mgq

GKR‡bi Kv‡Q ¯í mgq wn‡m‡e Abyf~Z n‡Z cv‡i †hLv‡b GwUB Avevi Av‡iKR‡bi Kv‡Q g‡b n‡Z

cv‡i j¤v mgq| GLv‡b †K mwVK †mwU Rvb‡Z n‡j Nwo Avi †K‡jÛv‡ii g‡Zv wKQz wRwbl ivLv `iKvi|

G¸‡jv Qvov mwVKfv‡e mgq wbY©q Kiv Am¤¢e|

wKQz wKQz Avqv‡Z wb‡ ©wkZ i‡q‡Q †h, gvbyl wfbœ wfbœ fv‡e mgq‡K Dcjwä K‡i _v‡K Avi

KLbI KLbI Lye msw¶ß ev Aí mgq‡K AwZ j¤v mgq wn‡m‡e Dcjwä K‡i _v‡K | ciKv‡j

†kl wePv‡ii w`b gvbyl †hgb ai‡Yi K_v-evZ©v ej‡e Zv GwUiB GKwU cwi®‥vi D`vniY t

Avj­vn ej‡eb t eQ‡ii MYbvq †Zvgiv c„w_ex‡Z KZ mgq Ae vb K‡iwQ‡j ?

Zviv ej‡e t Avgiv GKw`b A_ev w`‡bi wKQy Ask Ae vb K‡iwQjvg| AZGe Avcwb

MYbvKvix †d‡ikZv‡`i wR‡Ám Kib|

Avj­vn ej‡eb ; †Zvgiv †mLv‡b Aí mgqB Ae¯vb K‡iwQ‡j hw` †Zvgiv Zv Rvb‡Z ?

(†KviAvb, 23 t 112)

cÖK…Z mZ¨ e¨vcviwU n‡jv †h 610 mb ‡_‡K bvwhj n‡Z _vKv †KviAv‡b mg‡qi Av‡cw¶KZv

welqwU AZ¨š— ¯úófv‡e D‡j­wLZ n‡q‡Q - GwU ‡KviAvb cweÎ MÖš nIqvi c‡¶ Av‡iv GKwU

cÖgvY|

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g„Z Rwgb‡K mÄxweZ Kwi| Giƒ‡cB †Zvgv‡`i‡K †ei K‡i Avbv n‡e|

(†KviAvb, 43 t 11)

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n‡q‡Q †h, cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û f~-c„ô †_‡K cªvq 16 wgwjqb Ub cvwb ev®ú n‡q D‡e hvq| Avi eQ‡i G

cwigvYwU `vovq 513 wUªwjqb U‡b| Avi cvwb ev®ú nIqvi cwigvY cÖwZ eQ‡i f~-c„‡ô cwZZ

e„wóavivi cwigv‡Yi mgvb| Gi gv‡b GB `vovq †h, cvwb AweiZB GKwU Ówbw`©ó cwigv‡YÓ GKwU

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mg_© n‡e bv|

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cÖwZ eQ‡i †h cwigvY cvwb ev®ú n‡q D‡e hvq Avi †h cwigvY cvwb e„wóavivq †b‡g

Av‡m- G ywUiB cwigvY ÒaªeÓ ev ÓAcwieZ©bxqÓ t 513 wUªwjqb Ub| †KviAv‡b

GB cwigvYwU †NvwlZ n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e tÓ Avi whwb Avmgvb †_‡K cvwb el©Y K‡ib wbw`©ó cwigv‡Y........Ó

GB cwigv‡Yi wbZ¨Zv ev AcwiewZ©Zv cwi‡ekMZ fvimv‡g¨i Aw —‡Ë¡i Rb¨ Avi Gfv‡e Rxe‡bi Rb¨

AZxe ¸iZ¡c~Y©|

Rxe‡bi Aw¯—‡Ë¡i Rb¨ AwZ Riix|

e„wói DrcwË

e„wó wKfv‡e nq ? G welqwU `xN© mgq ch©š— GKwU inm¨gq e¨vcvi wQj| †Kewj †mw`b hLb

AvenvIqv wbY©‡qi Rb¨ ivWvi Avwe®K…Z n‡jv, Zvi ci ciB e„wó Drcbœ nIqvi ch©vq¸‡jv Rvbv

‡Mj|

‡m Abymv‡i e„wó Drcbœ nq wZbwU ch©v‡q| cÖ_gZt Òe„wói KvuPvgvjÓ evqycÖev‡ni gva¨‡g Dc‡i

evZv‡m D‡V Av‡m, Gici †gNgvjv Drcbœ nq Avi Ae‡k‡l e„wóKYv †`Lv †`q| ‡KviAv‡b cÖ`Ë

e „wó Drcv`‡bi eY©bvwU wVK G c×wZiB D‡j­L K‡i‡Q| GKwU Avqv‡Z Avj­vn ZvAvjv e¨vcviwU

Gfv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Qb t

Avj­vn Ggb mËv †h, wZwb evqy †cÖiY K‡ib, AZtci evqy †gNivwk‡K mÂvwjZ K‡i ;

Zvici wZwb †gNivwk‡K †hgb BQv Avmgv‡bi k~Y¨gÛ‡ji g‡a¨ BZ —Zt Qwo‡q †`b,

Ges KLbI Zv LÛ weLÛ K‡i †`b ; AZtci Zzwg †`L‡Z cvI Zvi ga¨ †_‡K †ei n‡q

Av‡m e„wóaviv| wZwb hLb Zvui ev›`v‡`i g‡a¨ hv‡`i‡K BQv Zv †c․uwQ‡q †`b, ZLb Zviv

Avb›` Ki‡Z _v‡K| (†KviAvb, 30 t 48)

Gevi Pjyb Avqv‡Z ewY©Z GB ch©vq¸‡jv Av‡iv cÖhyw³MZfv‡e cix¶v wbix¶v K‡i †`wL t

cÖ_g ch©vq t ÒwZwb Avj­vn Ggb mË¡v whwb evqy †cÖiY K‡ib ..............................Ó

mgy‡`ªi †dbvq Drcbœ evqyi AMwYZ ey`&ey` & weivgnxbfv‡e †d‡U wM‡q Rjxq KYvmg~n‡K

AvKv‡ki w`‡K Drw¶ß K‡i| Gici je‡Y cwic~Y© GB KYvMy‡jv evZv‡m evwnZ n‡q D‡aŸ©

evqygÛ‡j D‡V hvq| G‡ivmj bv‡gi GB KYv¸‡jv cvwbi dvu` wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Avi wb‡R‡`i

Pviw`‡K cvwb ev®ú R‡ov K‡i Drcbœ K‡i †gNKYv|

wØZxq ch©vq t Ò..........evqy †gNivwk‡K mÂvwjZ K‡i Zvici wZwb †gNivwk‡K †hgb BQv

Avmgv‡bi k~Y¨gÛ‡ji gv‡S BZ¯—Zt Qwo‡q †`b............. Ó

evZv‡m fvmgvb jeY ùwUK wKsev a~wjKYvi Pviw`‡Ki cvwb KwYKv Nbxf~Z n‡q Drcbœ nq

†gNgvjv| ‡Kbbv †gNgvjvq we`¨gvb cvwb KYv¸‡jv AZ¨š— ¶z`ª (.01-.02wgwj wgUvi e¨vm) nIqvq

†gNmg~n evZv‡m Sz‡j _v‡K Avi AvKv‡k Qwo‡q c‡o| Gfv‡eB †g‡N cwic~Y© n‡q †X‡K hvq

AvKvk|

Z…Zxq ch©vq t Ò Zzwg †`L‡Z cvI Zvi ga¨ †_‡K †ei n‡q Av‡m e„wóaviv...................|Ó

jeY ùwUK wKsev a~wjKYvi PZzw`©‡K wN‡i we`¨gvb cvwbKYv¸‡jv Nb I fvix n‡q •Zwi K‡i e„wói

KYv| Gici evZv‡mi †P‡q fvix e„wóKYv¸‡jv †gN †_‡K m‡i Av‡m Ges e„wóaviv wn‡m‡e gvwU‡Z

†b‡g Avm‡Z ïi K‡i|

Avgiv BwZg‡a¨ †`‡LwQ †h, e„wó Drcv`‡bi cÖwZwU avcB †KviAv‡bi AvqvZmg~‡n ewY©Z

i‡q‡Q| AwaKš‧ GK`g mwVK Abyµ‡g ev GKUvi ci Av‡iKwU ce© AZ¨š— mwVKfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv

n‡q‡Q| f~c„‡ô we`¨gvb Ab¨vb¨ welq ev e ‧i b¨vq G welqwUi me‡P‡q mwVK e¨vL¨v Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb

gnvb Avj­vn ZvAvjv Avi Gfv‡eB gvbyl e„wói ch©vq¸‡jv D`NvUb Kivi kZ kZ eQi c~‡e©B

Avj­vn& ZvAvjv †m m¤‡Ü gvbyl‡K AeMZ K‡ib| Ab¨ GKwU Avqv‡Z e„wói Drcv`b m¤ú‡K© wb‡gœi

Z_¨wU †`qv n‡q‡Q t

Zzwg wK †`L bv †h, Avj­vn †gNgvjv‡K mÂvwjZ K‡ib| Zvici †gN¸‡jv‡K GKÎ K‡ib

Ges c‡i Zv cyÄxf~Z K‡ib ¯—‡i —‡i ; AZtci Zzwg †`L‡Z cvI ‡h, †m †g‡Ni ga¨

†_‡K wbM©Z nq e„wó| Avi wZwb Avmgvbw¯Z cvnvom „k †gNgvjv †_‡K el©Y K‡ib wkjv

Dc‡ii QwewU‡Z †`Lv hv‡Q †h cvwbi KYv¸‡jv evZv‡m gy³ n‡Q| e„wó •Zixi cÖ_g ch©vq GwU| Gi ci b~Zb

•Zix †g‡N cvwb KYv¸‡jv evZv‡m Sz‡j _v‡K Avi c‡i ‡m¸‡jv Nbxf~Z n‡q e„wó •Zix K‡i| Gme¸‡jv ch©vqB

†KviAv‡b ewY©Z Av‡Q|

Ges Zv w`‡q wZwb hv‡K BQv AvNvZ K‡ib Ges hvi Dci †_‡K wZwb BQv K‡ib Zv ~‡i

mwi‡q †`b| ‡m †g‡Ni we`y¨‡Zi PgK Ggb, †hb g‡b nq `„wókw³ cÖvq †K‡o †bq|

(m~iv b~i t 43)

weÁvbxMY †gNgvjvi cÖKvi ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z wM‡q e„wói †gN DrcwËi GK we¯§qKi djvd‡ji

gy‡LvgyLx nb| mywbw`©ó wm‡÷g I ch©vqmg~‡ni ga¨ w`‡q •Zix nq I AvKvi aviY K‡i e„wói

†gNgvjv| cyÄ cyÄ †gNgvjv GK ai‡Yi †gN hv wb‡gœi ch©vq¸‡jv‡Z av‡c av‡c •Zix nq|

1bs ch©vq t †gNgvjvmg~n mÂvwjZ n‡q _v‡K

evqycÖev‡ni gva¨‡g †gNgvjv evwnZ n‡q _v‡K|

2bs ch©vq t ms‡hvMxKiY, c yÄxf~ZKiY

Gi ci evqyevwnZ ¶ ª ¶z`ª †gNgvjv GKwÎZ n‡q •Zwi K‡i e„nËi †gN|9

3bs ch©vq t ¯‧cxK…Z nIqv ev ‧‡c ¯‧‡c Rgv nIqv

¶z`ª ¶z`ª †gNgvjv GK‡Î mshy³ n‡j e„n`vKvi †gNgvjvi gv‡S Updraft ‡e‡o hvq| GB

Updraft †gNgvjvi cÖvš—fv‡Mi †P‡q †K› ªfv‡M †ekx †Rviv‡jv| G cÖwµqv‡Z †gN¸‡jv

LvovLvwofv‡e ev j¤vjw¤fv‡e Rgv n‡q evo‡Z _v‡K| Gfv‡eB †gNgvjvmg~n —‡i —‡i mw¾Z

nq| ‡g‡Ni GB Lvov e„w× †gN‡K evqygÛ‡ji kxZjZi ¯v‡bi w`‡K †U‡b wb‡q hvq, ‡mLv‡bB

Drcbœ nq cvwbwe› y Avi wkjv - G¸‡jvB e„nr †_‡K e„nËi n‡q e„w×cÖvß nq AvKv‡k| hLb GB

wkjv I cvwb we›`y¸wj †ekx fvix nq, hLb †g‡Ni GB Updraft Avi enb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv ZLb

†gN †_‡K Giv gvwU‡Z cwZZ n‡Z _v‡K e„wó, wkjv BZ¨vw`iƒ‡c|10

1.c„_K c„_K UzKiv †gN|

2. †gN¸‡jv hLb mshy³ nqZLb G‡`i wfZ‡i Updraft e„w× cvq| e„n`vKv‡ii †gN evo‡Z _v‡K Avi

†gNgvjvmg~n ‧cxf~Z nq|

0†c­b, DcMÖn. Kw¤úDUvi GgbZi DbœZ cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i AvenvIqvwe`MY †Kewj AwZ

m¤cÖwZ †gN Drcv`b, MVb Avi Kvh©vejx m¤ú‡K© we¯—vwiZ Rvb‡Z †c‡i‡Qb - G welqwU Avgv‡`i

Aek¨B ¯§iY ivLv DwPZ| GwU ¯úó †h, Avj­vn Ggb GKwU Z_¨ w`‡q‡Qb hv 1400 eQi c~‡e©

gvby‡li Rvbv wQj bv|

¶z`ª ¶z`ª †gNgvjvmg~n (cyÄxf~Z †gNgvjv) evqy cÖev‡ni gva¨‡g evwnZ n‡q mshy³ nq hv bx‡Pi AvqvZwU‡Z

ewY©Z i‡q‡Q tÓ..... Avj­vn †gNgvjv‡K mÂvwjZ K‡ib| Zvici †gN¸‡jv‡K GKÎ K‡ib Ges c‡i Zv

cyÄxf~Z K‡ib ¯—‡i

—‡i.........|Ó

‡g‡Ni Updraft Gi d‡j —‡i —‡i †gNgvjv j¤vjw¤fv‡e e„w× cvq| j¤vjw¤ e„w×i d‡j †gN‡`nwU‡K

evqygÛ‡ji AwaKZi VvÛv A‡j †U‡b wb‡q hvq †hLv‡b e„wó KYv, wkjve„wó ‣Zwi n‡Z _v‡K, e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K|

hLb e„wóKYv Avi wkjve„wó AwZwi³ fvix n‡q hvq ZLb †g‡Ni GB Updraft Avi †gNgvjvmg~n‡K aviY Ki‡Z

bv cvivq †gN¸‡jv n‡Z e„wó, wkjve„wó bx‡P cwZZ n‡Z _v‡K| 1400 eQi Av‡M cweÎ †KviAv‡b m~iv b~‡ii 43

bs Avqv‡Z Avj­vn ZvAvjv †NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jb, Ó .....Zvici †gN¸‡jv‡K GKÎ K‡ib Ges c‡i Zv cyÄxf~Z K‡ib

—‡i —‡i : AZtci Zzwg †`L‡Z cvI †h †m †g‡Ni ga¨ †_‡K wbM©Z nq e„wó|Ó

cÖPzi Drcv`bkxj evqy

evqycÖev‡ni cÖPzi Drcv`b ¶gZv wKsev De©iv ¶gZv i‡q‡Q| GwU evqyi GKwU •ewkó¨| GB

•ewkó¨wU Avi ZviB dj¯iƒc e„wó Drcv`‡bi K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q cweÎ †KviAv‡bi GKwU Avqv‡Z|

ÓAvi AvwgB ‡cÖiY Kwi evqyivwk‡K hv enb K‡i cvwbc~Y© †gNgvjv¸‡jv‡K ; Zvici AvwgB

Avmgvb †_‡K e„wó el©Y Kwi Ges Zv †Zvgv‡`i cvb KivB........|Ó (†KviAvb, 15 t 22)

e„wócv‡Zi ev e„wó Drcv`‡bi cÖ_g ch©vq †h evqycÖevn - AvqvZwU‡Z †m wel‡qB g‡bv‡hvM

AvKl©Y Kiv n‡q‡Q | evZvm ev evqycÖevn †gNgvjv‡K fvwm‡q wb‡q hvq - evqycÖevn Avi e„wói

ga¨Kvi GB GKwU gvÎ m¤ú‡K ©i K_vB Rvbv wQj wesk kZvãxi ïii w`K ch©š—| hvB †nvK bv

†Kb AvaywbK AvenvIqv weÁvb †_‡K cÖvß Z_¨v¸‡jv nv‡Z Kj‡g †`wL‡q w`‡Q †h e„wó Drcv`‡bi

†¶‡Î evZ‡mi Drcv`bkxj ev De©iv ¶gZvi f~wgKv i‡q‡Q|

evqyi GB De©iv ev cÖPzi Drcv`bkxjZvi ¶gZv wbgœiƒ‡c KvR K‡i t

cvwbi †dwbj ev †dbvwqZ Kvh©vejxi Rb¨ gnvmgy`ª Avi mgy`ªc„‡ôi Dcwic„ô †_‡K AMwYZ

evqyi ey`&ey`& •Zix nq| wVK †h gyn~‡Z© ey` &ey& & wj †d‡U hvq ZLbB gvÎ 100 fv‡Mi GK fvM

cwiwai nvRvi nvRvi ¶z`ª ¶z`ª KwYKv ‡ei n‡q G‡m Dc‡i evZv‡m DwÌZ nq|ÓG‡iv‡mvjÓ bv‡gi

GB KwYKv¸‡jv ¯jfvM †_‡K evqy evwnZ a~wjKYvi m‡½ wg‡k f~wg †_‡K Dc‡i evqygÛ‡ji Dc‡ii

—i¸‡jvq D‡V hvq| evZv‡mi gva¨‡g GB KwYKv¸‡jv Av‡iv DPuy‡Z DwÌZ n‡q cvwb ev‡®úi

ms¯ú‡k© Av‡m| cvwbev®ú GB KwYKv¸‡jvi Pvicv‡k¦© Nbxf~Z n‡q cvwbKwYKvq iƒc †bq| cÖ_‡g

GB cvwbKYv¸‡jv GK m‡½ wg‡k †gN Drcbœ K‡i Avi evwiaviv wn‡m‡e †b‡g Av‡m aivZ‡j|

†`Lv †Mj †h, mgy`ª †_‡K e‡q wb‡q Avmv KwYKv¸‡jvmn evZv‡m fvmgvb cvwb ev®ú cÖPzi

cwigv‡Y Drcbœ nq GB evqycÖev‡ni gva¨‡g Avi ZviB dj¯iƒc e„wói †gN •Zix‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i GB

evqycÖevn|

hw` evqyi GB •ewkó¨wU bv _vK‡Zv Zvn‡j evqygÛ‡ji Dc‡ii ¯—‡i KL‡bv cvwb we›`y •Zix

n‡Zv bv, d‡j e„wó bv‡gi GB c`v_©wU Drcbœ n‡Zv bv|

GLv‡b me‡P‡q ¸iZ¡c~Y© welqwU n‡jv kZ kZ eQi c~‡e© cweÎ †KviAv‡bi GKwU Avqv‡Z

evqygÛ‡ji AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq f~wgKvwU ewY©Z n‡qwQj ZLbB, hLb gvbyl cÖvK…wZK e¨vcvi m¨vcvi

LyeB Kg Rvb‡Zv ........|

mvMimg~n KL‡bv wg‡k hvqbv

‡Kewj †mw`b mgy‡ ªi GKwU •ewkó¨ D`NvwUZ n‡q‡Q - hv wKbv cweÎ †KviAv‡bi GKwU

Avqv‡Zi m‡½ m¤úwK©Z, wb‡gœ †mB AvqvZwU n‡jv t

ÒwZwbB gy³fv‡e cÖevwnZ K‡ib `yB `wiqv, hviv ci¯úi wgwjZ n‡q _v‡K, wKš‧ Df‡qi

gvSLv‡b i‡q‡Q GKwU c ©v, hv Zviv AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| (†KviAvb, 55 t 19-20)

Dc‡ii wPÎwU GKwU †XD Drcv`‡bi ch©vqmg~n cÖ`k©b Ki‡Q| cvwb c„‡ôi Dc‡i evwnZ

evqycÖev‡ni gva¨‡gB GB †XD¸‡jv Drcbœ nq| evZv‡mi Øviv GB cvwbwe› y¸‡jv GKwU

†MvjvKvi Ave‡Z© AvewZ©Z n‡Z _v‡K| GB cªev‡ni ev MwZkxjZvi gva¨‡g G‡Ki ci GKwU

†XD •Zix nq| GB †XD¸‡jv •Zix K‡i ey`&ey` mg~n - hviv evZv‡m hvq Qwo‡q| e„wó Drcv`‡bi

cÖ_g ch©vq GwU| GB c×wZwUB †NvwlZ n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e t ÓAvwgB †cÖiY Kwi evqyivwk‡K hv enb

K‡i cvwbc~Y© †gNgvjv‡K Zvici AvwgB Avmgvb †_‡K e„wó el©Y KivB........|Ó

mgy`ª ‡jv cvkvcvwk e‡q hvq, KvQvKwQ Av‡m wKš‧ KL‡bvB wg‡k hvqbv - mvMi¸‡jvi GB

•ewkó¨wU mv¤cÖwZK Kv‡j gnvmgy ªwe`MY KZ©„K D`NvwUZ n‡q‡Q| Surface Tension ev

ewnc„‡ôi Uvb bvgK GK cÖvK…wZK kw³i Kvi‡YB cÖwZ‡ekx mgy‡ ªi cvwb KLbB GK‡Î wgwkªZ nq

bv| ewnc„‡ôi Uvb bvgK GB ejwUi m~ÎcvZ N‡U mvM‡ii cvwbi Nb‡Z¡i ZviZ‡g¨i Kvi‡Y- hv

wKbv GK mgy‡`ªi cvwb‡K Aci mgy‡ ªi m‡½ wgwkªZ n‡Z †`q bv| eis `ywU mgy‡`ªi cvwbi gv‡S

GKwU cvZjv AveiY wn‡m‡e we`¨gvb _v‡K|11

‡h hy‡Mi gvbyl c`v_©we`¨v, c„ôUvb wKsev gnvmgy`ªwe`¨v - G¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© †Kvb Ávb ev aviYvB

ivL‡Zv bv, wVK †m mg‡qB GB welqwU †KviAv‡b cÖKvwkZ nq- GwU GKwU weivU Avð‡h©i

e¨vcvi|

mgy‡`ªi Mfxi AÜKvi Avi Avf¨š—ixY Zi½gvjv

A_ev Zv‡`i Kvh©vejx AZ¨š— Mfxi mgy‡`ªi Zj‡`‡ki AÜKv‡ii b¨vq, hv‡K AvQbœ K‡i

Zi‡½i ci Zi½, hvi Dc‡i i‡q‡Q Kv‡jv‡gN ; AÜKv‡ii Dci AÜKvi| GgbwK hLb

†KD Zvi nvZ †ei Ki‡e, ZLb †m Av‡`․ Zv †`L‡Z cv‡e bv| Avi hv‡K Avj­vn &

f~ga¨ mvMi Avi AvUjvw›UK gnvmvM‡i i‡q‡‡Q weivU weivU †XD, kw³kvjx cÖevn Avi we`y¨Z|

wReªvëvi cÖYvjxi gva¨‡g f~ga¨ mvM‡ii cvwb AvUjvw›UK gnvmvM‡i PvwjZ nq| wKš‧ †h GKwU

cÖvPxi ev †`qvj G‡`i Avjv`v K‡i †i‡L‡Q †mwUi Kvi‡YB G‡`i ZvcgvÎv, jeYË¡ I Nb‡Ëi

gv‡S †Kvb cwieZ©b N‡U bv|

†n`v‡q‡Zi b~i `vb bv K‡ib Zvi Rb¨ †Kv_vI †Kvb b~i †bB| (†KviAvb, 24 t 40)

Oceans bvgK eBwU‡Z Mfxi mgy‡`ªi mvaviY cwi‡e‡ki K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q t

Mfxi mgy`ª I gnvmgy ªmg~‡ni Mfx‡i 200 wgUvi I ZviI bx‡P GK Avuavi cwi‡ek weivR

K‡i| G cwigvY MfxiZvq cÖvq †Kvb Av‡jv †bB| Avi cÖvq 1000 wgUvi MfxiZvq

GK`gB †Kvb Av‡jv _v‡K bv|12

Aaybv mgy‡`ªi mvaviY MVbcÖYvjx, Gi gv‡S we`¨gvb Rxemg~‡ni •ewkó¨vejx, Gi NbZ¡, Gi

aviYK…Z cvwbi cwigvY, Gi c„ôZj Avi MfxiZv m¤ú‡K© Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi| AvaywbK cÖhyw³

w`‡q •Zix Wy‡ev RvnvR I we‡kl hš¿vw`i gva¨‡g weÁvbxMY GB Z_¨mg~n †c‡Z cv‡ib|

†Kvb ai‡bi we‡kl hš¿vw`i mvnvh¨ Qvov gvbyl mvM‡ii 40 wgUvi Mfx‡i ev Av‡iv bx‡P Wye

w`‡Z ev †h‡Z cv‡i bv| ‡hgb, 200wgUvi Mfx‡i mgy‡`ªi Mfxi AÜKvi As‡k †Kvb cÖKvi mnvqZv

Qvov †eu‡P _vK‡Z cvi‡e bv gvbyl| G mg — Kvi‡YB weÁvbxMY m¤cÖwZ mgy`ª m¤ú‡K© my²vwZmy²

Z_¨vw` D`NvUb Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Qb| A_P 1400 eQi Av‡MB m~iv b~‡i Ómgy‡ ªi AvuaviÓ kãwU

e¨eüZ n‡qwQj| GUv Aek¨B †KviAv‡bi A‡j․wKKZ¡ cÖgv‡Yi c‡¶ GKwU hyw³ †Kbbv G Z_¨wU

†KviAv‡b Ggb mgq cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q, hLb gvbyl gnvmgy‡ ªi Mfx‡i wM‡q Z_¨vw` Ly‡uR Avbvi

gZ †Kvb hš¿vw`i Aw —Z¡B wQj bv|

AwaKš‧, ÓZi‡½i ci Zi½, hvi Dc‡i i‡q‡Q Kv‡jv‡gN ; AÜKv‡ii Dci AÜKviÓ

- m~iv b~‡ii G AvqvZwUI †KviAv‡b ewY©Z Av‡iKwU A‡j․wKK welq wn‡m‡e Avgv‡`i `„wó AvKl©Y

K‡i _v‡K|

mv¤cÖwZK Kv‡j weÁvbxMY D`NvUb K‡i‡Qb †h, †mLv‡b i‡q‡Q Avf¨š—ixb Zi½gvjv

hviv Òcvwbi wfbœ wfbœ Nb‡Z¡i —‡ii gv‡S m„wó n‡q wfbœ wfbœ ¯—‡i wfbœ wfbœ iƒ‡c Ae vb

K‡iÓ| Avf¨š—ixb Zi½gvjv ev †XDmg~n mvMi I gnvmvMi mg~‡ni Mfxi cvwbi ¯—i¸‡jv

†X‡K _v‡K, †Kbbv DciKvi cvwbi †P‡q †fZ‡ii cvwbi i‡q‡Q †ekx gvÎvi NbZ¡|

Avf¨š—ixb Zi½gvjv Dcwi c„‡ôi Zi½gvjvi b¨vq KvR K‡i _v‡K| Dcwic„‡ôi

Zi½gvjvi g‡Zv Avf¨š—ixb Zi½gvjvI fv½‡Z cv‡i| ‡Kvb gvbe P¶z w`‡q bq eis †Kvb

GKwU wbw`©ó Ae v‡bi ZvcgvÎv ev je‡Yi Nb‡Z¡i cwieZ©‡bi cix¶v-ch©‡e¶b K‡iB

Z‡e Avf¨š—ixb Zi½gvjv‡K mYv³ Kiv n‡q _v‡K|13

Qwe

Dc‡ii e¨vL¨v¸‡jvi m‡½ †KviAv‡bi Dw³mg~n mymvgÄm¨c~Y©| †Kvb cÖKvi M‡elYv e¨ZxZ

GKRb †Kej mgy`ªc„‡ôi †XD¸‡jv‡KB Pg©P‡¶ Ae‡jvKb Ki‡Z cv‡i| mgy‡ ªi Avf¨š—ixb Zi½

m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nIqv GKR‡bi c‡¶ Amva¨ e¨vcvi| Zvic‡iI m~iv b~‡i Avj­vn ZvAvjv mgy‡`ªi

wewfbœ Nb‡Z¡ Av‡iK ai‡Yi Zi‡½i cÖwZ Avgv‡`i g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y K‡i‡Qb| wbwðZfv‡eB AwZ

mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j weÁvbxMb hv D`NvUb Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb, Zv Av‡iv GKevi cÖgvY K‡i †h,

†KviAv‡bi cÖwZwU K_vB Avj­vn †mvenvbvj­vn ZvAvjvi K_v|

AvR‡Ki cÖhyw³ w`‡q cwigvc K‡i †`Lv †M‡Q †h, mg ªc„‡ô kZKiv 3-30 Ask m~h©v‡jvK cÖwZdwjZ nq| Gi

ci Av‡jvi eY©vjxi cÖvq mvZwU is cÖ_g 200 wgUv‡i †kvwlZ nq †Kej bxj Av‡jv Qvov| (ev‡gi wPÎwU) cÖvq

1000wgUvi Zj‡`‡k G‡Kev‡iB ‡Kvb Av‡jv ‡bB| (Dc‡ii wPÎ) 1400 eQi Av‡M GB •eÁvwbK mZ¨wU m~iv

b~‡ii 40bs Avqv‡Z wb‡ ©k Kiv n‡qwQj|

ev‡gi wPÎwU wfbœ wfbœ Nb‡Z¡i `ywU

—‡ii ga¨Kvi Avf¨š—ixb Zi½gvjv¸‡jv‡K wb‡ ©k Ki‡Q| bx‡Pi ¯—iwU Dc‡ii ¯—i A‡c¶v AwaKZi

Nb| A_P •eÁvwbKfv‡eI mZ¨ G wb`k©bLvbvB cweÎ †KviAv‡b m~iv b~‡i 1400 eQi Av‡MB †NvwlZ

n‡qwQj- hv wK-bv †Kej †mw`b AvwRKvi •eÁvwbKMY D`NvUb Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Qb|

gw¯—‡¯‥i †h AskUzKz Avg‡`i MwZwewa wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K

Avi Giƒc Kiv KLbB DwPZ bq, hw` †m Giƒc Kiv †_‡K wd‡i bv Av‡m, Z‡e Avwg Zv‡K

Aek¨B jjv‡Ui †Kk¸Q a‡i †nuPwo‡q wb‡q hve|

‡h †Kk¸Q wg_¨vPvix cvcvPvixi| (†KviAvb, 96 t 15-16)

Ò‡h †Kk¸Q wg_¨vPvix, cvcvPvixiÓ - Dc‡ii Avqv‡Zi GB Awfe¨w³wU mePvB‡Z

†K․ZznjKi| mv¤cÖwZK eQiM y‡jvq Pvjv‡bv M‡elYvq cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q †h, gw —‡®‥i wcªd«Ö›Uvj AÂj

hv gw —‡®‥i we‡kl we‡kl Kvh©vejx wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K, Zv gv_vi Lywji Af¨š—‡i m¤§yLfv‡M

we`¨gvb| weÁvbxMY GB A‡ji Kvh©vejx MZ lvU eQ‡i D`NvUb K‡i‡Qb, hv wKbv †KviAv‡b

1400eQi Av‡MB wb‡ ©wkZ n‡qwQj| Avgiv hw` gv_vi Lywji †fZ‡ii Avi m¤§y‡Li As‡k `„wócvZ

Kwi Zvn‡j Avgiv †mwieªv‡gi d«›Uvj AÂjwU Lyu‡R cve| Essentials of Anatomy and

Physiology bv‡gi GKwU eB, hv‡Z GB A‡ji Kvh©vejxi Dc‡ii me©‡kl M‡elYvi djvd‡ji

K_v D‡j­L i‡q‡Q, †mB eBwU e‡j t

cwiKíbv Kivi Avi bovPov ïi Kivi Rb¨ DØy×Zv Avi yi`wk©Zv gw —‡®‥i mvg‡bi

‡jv‡ei (frontal lobe ) m¤§y‡Li As‡k A_©vr wcÖdª›Uvj A‡j N‡U _v‡K| GwU mn‡hvMx

K‡U©‡·i AÂj...| 14

eBwU Av‡iv e‡j t

wcÖd«›Uvj A‡ji DØy× Kivi Kv‡R RwoZ _vKvi m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z wM‡q GwUI aviYv Kiv

nq †h, GB AÂjwU AvMÖvm‡bi Kvh©Ki †K› ª |...15

ZvB †mwieªv‡gi GB AÂjwU cwiKíbv, DØy× Kiv Avi fvj I g›` AvPiY ïi Kiv Ges

mZ¨-wg_¨v ejvi Rb¨ `vqx|

GwU cwi¯‥vi eySv †Mj †h, Ò†h †Kk¸Q cvcvPvix, wg_¨vPvixiÓ - Dw³wUi m‡½ Dc‡ii

e¨vL¨vwU m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c m½wZc~Y©| weÁvbxMY MZ lvU eQ‡i †h welqwU Avwe®‥vi K‡i‡Q, ZvB A‡bK

A‡bK eQi Av‡M gnvb Avj­vn †KviAv‡b D‡j­L K‡ib|

gvbe wkïi Rb¥

gvbyl‡K wek¦v‡mi c‡_ Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡Z wM‡q ‡KviAv‡b eû ‣ewPÎgq wel‡qi D‡j­L i‡q‡Q|

KL‡bv ev AvKvk, KL‡bv cÖvYx RMr, KL‡bv ev Dw™¢`mg~n‡K Avj­vn gvby‡li Rb¨ mv¶¨ wn‡m‡e

eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| A‡bK Avqv‡Z gvbyl‡K AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q wb‡R‡`i m„wó m¤ú‡K© g‡bv‡hvMx

n‡Z| cÖvqB gvbyl‡K g‡b Kwi‡q †`qv n‡q‡Q †h, †m wKfv‡e G c„w_ex‡Z Avmj, wK wK ch©v‡qi

g‡a¨ w`‡q †m G‡jv, Zvi †g․wjK ¯fve wK ?

AvwgB †Zvgv‡`i m„wó K‡iwQ, Z‡e †Zvgiv †Kb wek ¦vm KiQ bv ?

†Zvgiv wK ‡f‡e †`‡LQ †Zvgv‡`i exh©cvZ m¤ú‡K© ?

†Zvgiv wK Zv m„wó Ki, bv Avwg Zvi mªóv ? (‡KviAvb, 56 t 57-59)

eû Avqv‡Z gvby‡li Rb¥ Avi R‡b¥i A‡j․wKK Ask¸‡jvi Dci †Rvi †`qv n‡q‡Q| GB

AvqvZ¸‡jvq wKQz wKQz wel‡qi Z_¨vw` GZ cysLvbycysL †h, mßg kZvãx‡Z we`¨gvb †Kvb †jv‡Ki

c‡¶ Rvbv Am¤¢e wQj | G‡`i wKQz wKQz wbgœiƒc t

1. m¤ú~Y© exh© †_‡K gvbyl m„wó nqwb, Gi AZ¨š— ¶z`ªvsk †_‡K Zv m„wó n‡q‡Q (kyµvYy)|

2. cyil †_‡KB wkïi wjsM wba©vwiZ nq|

3. gvby‡li åY Rivqyi Mv‡q †Ruv‡Ki gZ †j‡M _v‡K|

4. gvbe wkï Rivqy‡Z wZbwU AÜKvi A‡j ‡e‡o D‡V|

‡KviAvb ‡h mg‡q bvwhj n‡q‡Q, ‡m mg‡qi gvby‡liv Rvb‡Zv †h, ‡h․Ywgj‡bi mgq †ei n‡q

Avmv ex‡h©i m‡½ gvbe R‡b¥i ‡g․wjK welqwUi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| Avi bq gvm mgqmxgv c‡i evPv

Rb¥ MÖnb K‡i hv ¯úófv‡eB `„wóMÖvn¨ GKwU welq wQj ; GwU‡K Av‡iv NvwU‡q †`Lvi cÖ‡qvRb wQj

bv| hvB †nvK GB AvqvZ¸‡jvq ewY©Z welq¸‡jv †m mg‡qi gvby‡li Rvbvi cwiwa †_‡K Av‡iv

AwaK `~‡ii e¨vcvi wQj | hv wesk kZvãxi weÁvb KZ…©K mZ¨ e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q|

GLb Pjyb G‡Ki ci GK welq¸‡jvq hvB|

GKwe›`y exh©

‡h․Y wgj‡bi mgq cyi‡li †`n †_‡K cÖwZev‡i 250 wgwjqb ïµKxU †ei n‡q Av‡m| gv‡qi

†`‡n ïµKxU GKwU yiviƒn hvÎv Pvjvq wW¤vY y‡Z ‡c․uQv ch©š— | 250 wgwjq‡bi gv‡S †KejgvÎ

GK nvRviwU ïµvYy wW¤vYy ch©š— †c․uQz‡Z mdj n‡q _v‡K| GB cvuP wgwb‡Ui †`․o †k‡l GKwU

je‡Yi `vbvi A‡a©K AvKv‡ii GKwU wW¤vYy ‡Kewj GKwU ïµvYy‡K Zvi ‡fZ‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z ‡`q|

ZvB gvby‡li R‡b¥i mvisvk cyi exh© bq, eis GwU Zvi GKwU ¶ y ªvsk gvÎ| ‡KviAv‡b Zv e¨vL¨v

Kiv n‡q‡Q t

gvbyl wK g‡b K‡i †h, Zv‡K Ggwb †ewnmve †Q‡o †`qv n‡e ?

†m wK GKwe› y ïµ wQjbv, hv gvZ…M‡f© wb‡¶c Kiv n‡qwQj ?

(†KviAvb, 75 t 36-37)

Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, gvbyl meUzKz exh© †_‡K bq eis Gi AwZ Aí Ask †_‡K gvbyl m„wó n‡q

_v‡K| we‡kl ¸iZ¡ †`qv GB Dw³wU Ggb GKwU wel‡qi †NvlYv Ki‡Q hv ‡Kewj AvaywbK weÁvb

KZ©„K Avwe®K…Z n‡q‡Q | ZvB GB Dw³wU †h ¯M©xq GwU ZviB cÖgvY|

ev‡gi QwewU‡Z Avgiv †`wL †h, Rivqy‡Z exh© Drw¶ß n‡Q| cyi‡li †`n n‡Z †ei nIqv 250wgwjqb ïµKx‡Ui

g‡a¨ gvÎ Aí msL¨K kyµKxUB wW¤^vYyi w`‡K cwiPvwjZ n‡Z cv‡i| ‡h nvRvi Lv‡bK ïµKxU †eu‡P _vK‡Z cv‡i

Zv‡`i gv‡S gvÎ GKwU ïµvYy wW¤^vYy‡K wbwl³ Ki‡Z cv‡i| gvbyl cy‡iv exh© bq eis GKwU ¶z`ªvsk †_‡K m„ó

n‡q‡Q †mwU †KviAv‡b ewY©Z n‡q‡Q ÒGK we›`y ïµÓ wn‡m‡e|

ex‡h©i wgkªY

exh© bvgK Zij c`v_©wU ïaygvÎ ïµvYy wb‡qB MwVZ bq| wecixZµ‡g GwU Avm‡j wewfbœ Zij

c`v‡_©i wgkªY| GB Zij c`v_©wUi wewfbœ KvR i‡q‡Q| ‡hgb, G‡Z ïµKx‡Ui kw³ mieiv‡ni

Rb¨ kK©iv _v‡K, Rivqy‡Z i cÖ‡ek c‡_i GwmW wbw®…q K‡i _v‡K GB Zij c`v_©wU, Avi

ïµKxUwUi mnR MwZwewai Rb¨ GKwU wcwQj cwi‡ek eRvq iv‡L|

h‡_ó ‡K․Z~n‡ji welq n‡jv †h, †KviAv‡b GB ex‡h©i K_v D‡j­wLZ Av‡Q Avi GwU‡K Zij

c`v‡_©i wgkªY e‡j msÁvwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| A_P AvaywbK weÁvb †Kej †mw`b GwU Avwe®‥vi Kijt

Avwg‡Zv gvbyl‡K wgkª ïµwe› y †_‡K m„wó K‡iwQ Zv‡K cix¶v Kivi Rb¨ ; G Kvi‡Y Avwg

Zv‡K K‡iwQ kªeYkw³ m¤úbœ I `„wókw³ m¤úbœ| (†KviAvb, 76 t 2)

Ab¨ GKwU Avqv‡Z exh©‡K Avevi wgkª Zij c`v_© wn‡m‡e D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q Avi gvb yl‡K †h

GB Zi‡ji wbh©vm †_‡K m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q †mwU †Rvi w`‡q ejv n‡q‡Q|

whwb AZ¨š— my›`iiƒ‡c Zvui cÖ‡Z¨KwU m„wó‡K m„Rb K‡i‡Qb Ges gvbyl m„wói m~PYv

K‡i‡Qb Kv`vgvwU w`‡q, Zvici Zvi eskai‡K m„wó K‡ib bMY¨ cvwbi wbh©vm †_‡K|

(‡KviAvb, 32 t 7-8)

Aviex kã ÒmyjvjviÓ Abyev` Kiv n‡q‡Q wbh©vm wn‡m‡e, hvi gv‡b n‡jv †Kvb wKQzi `iKvix

A_ev DËg Ask wn‡m‡e| e¨ÄYv‡_©I Gi A_© GKwU ALÛ wRwb‡li GKwU Ask| GwU ‡`wL‡q †`q

†h, †KviAvb GK gnvkw³i K_v whwb gvby‡li m„wói cÖwZwU AYy cigvYy Ask Rv‡bb| Avi GB

gnvkw³kvjxB n‡j­b Avj­vn, gvby‡li m„wóKZ©v|

wkïi wj½

GB‡Zv †mw`b ch©š— aviYv Kiv n‡Zv †h, gvZ…‡Kvl w`‡q evPvi wj½ wbY©q n‡q _v‡K| A_ev

GUzKz Aš—Z wek¦vm Kiv n‡Zv †h evev-gv Df‡qi †Kvl w`‡q evPvi wj½ wbwY©Z nq| A_P cweÎ

†KviAvb Avgv‡`i wfbœ Z_¨ w`‡q _v‡K hv e‡j †h, ÓwbM©Z ïµwe› y ‡_‡KÓ †g‡q ev †Q‡j wj½

wbwY©Z nq|

Avi wZwbB m„wó K‡i‡Qb †Rvov bi I bvix

ïµwe›`y †_‡K hLb Zv Mf©cvZ Kiv nq|

(†KviAvb, 5 t 45-46)

µ‡g DbœZ ‡R‡bwUKm Avi gwjwKDjvi ev‡qvjRxi kvLv †KviAv‡b cÖ`Ë GB Z_¨wU mZ¨ e‡j

cÖgvY K‡i‡Q| GLb eySv †M‡Q †h, cyi‡li ïµKxU †_‡KB wj½ wbwY©Z nq Avi G cÖwµqvq bvixi

†Kvb f~wgKv †bB|

wj½ wba©vi‡Yi e¨vcv‡i †µv‡gv‡RvgB cÖavb Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i _v‡K| mbv³ Kiv †M‡Q

†h 46wU †µv‡gvR‡gi gv‡S `yBwU gvby‡li MVb cÖK…wZ wbY©q K‡i Avi G¸‡jv‡K e‡j †m·

†µv‡gv‡Rvg| cyi‡l G `ywU †µv‡gv‡Rvg n‡jv “XY” Avi bvix‡Z G ywU “XX”| †Kbbv G `ywU

†µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi AvK…wZ G `ywU A¶‡ii g‡ZvB| Y †µv‡gv‡Rv‡g we`¨gvb Rxb¸‡jv cyilvjx fv‡ei

†KvW ev ms‡KZ enb K‡i Avi X †µv‡gv‡Rvg ¯¿xmyjf fv‡ei †KvW enb K‡i _v‡K|

cweÎ †KviAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q †h, ÓwbM©Z GK we›`y i DciÓ cyilZ¡ ev bvixZ¡ welqwU wbf©i K‡i|

hvB †nvK †gvUvgywUfv‡e mv¤cÖwZK Kv‡jI wek¦vm Kiv n‡Zv †h, gvZ…‡Kvl n‡ZB wkïi wj½ wba©vwiZ

nq| ‡KviAv‡b cÖ`Ë GB Z_¨wU wesk kZvãxi weÁvb D`NvUb K‡i‡Q| gvby‡li Rb¥ m¤‡Ü GwU Ges

eû Z_¨vw` kZvãx c~‡e© †KviAv‡b D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q |

G †µv‡gv‡Rvg؇qi †h †Kvb GKwUi µm K¤vB‡bk‡bi gva¨‡g byZb GK gvbe mš—v‡bi

R‡b¥i m~ÎcvZ N‡U Avi G †µv‡gv‡Rvg¸‡jv cyil Avi bvix‡Z †Rvovq †Rvovq Ae¯vb K‡i|

Af~¨‡jk‡bi ( wW¤vkq †_‡K wW¤vYy †ei nIqvi mgq) mgq bvixi †m· †Kv‡li `ywU Ask `ywUfv‡M

wef³ nq, G`ywU AskB X †µv‡gv‡Rvg enb K‡i _v‡K| Ab¨w`‡K cyi‡li †m· †Kvl y ai‡Yi

ïµKxU ev ¯úvg© •Zix K‡i, G‡`i GKwU†Z _v‡K X ‡µv‡gv‡Rvg Avi Ab¨wU‡Z Y ‡µv‡gv‡Rvg|

hLb bvixi X †µv‡gv‡Rvg cyi‡li X †µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi m‡½ wgwjZ nq ZLb evPvwU n‡e †g‡q|

Avi hw` Zv cyi‡li ïµvYyi Y †µ‡gv‡Rv‡gi m‡½ wgwjZ nq Z‡e evPvwU n‡e †Q‡j|

Ab¨ K_vq cyi‡li †h †µv‡gv‡RvgwU bvixi wW¤vYyi †µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi m‡½ wgwjZ nq †mwUi DciB

wbf©i Ki‡Q evPvi †m· ev wj½|

wesk kZvãx‡Z †R‡bwU· Avwe®‥v‡ii Av‡M ch©š— GB Z_¨¸‡jv Rvbv m¤¢e wQj bv| ev¯—‡e eû

ms¯‥…wZ‡ZB wek¦vm wQj †h, evPvi wj½ wba©vwiZ nq bvixi †`n Øviv| Avi †mR‡b¨B Kb¨v mš—vb

Rb¥ wb‡j bvix‡KB †`vlx mve¨ — Kiv nZ|

gvby‡li Rxb Avwe®K…Z nIqvi Av‡M †Z‡ivkZ eQi c~‡e© ‡KviAvb Z_¨ w`‡qwQj hv AÜ

wek¦vm cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i Ges wjsM wbY©‡q cyi‡li f~wgKvi K_v e‡j|

Y ‡µv‡gv‡Rvg cyilvjx •ewkó¨mg~n aviY K‡i _v‡K Avi X †µv‡gv‡Rv‡g bvixmyjf •ewkó¨ we`¨gvb|

gv‡qi wW¤^vY~‡Z _v‡K ïay X †µv‡gv‡Rvg hv bvixi ¯^fve wbY©q K‡i| wcZvi ex‡h© ïµvYy†Z _v‡K nq X

†µv‡gv‡Rvg A_ev Y ‡µv‡gv‡Rvg| myZivs evPvi wjsM wbf©i K‡i - wcZvi ïµvYyi X A_ev Y

†µv‡gv‡Rvg wW¤^vYy‡K wbwl³ K‡i wKbv Zvi Dci| Ab¨ K_vq AvqvZwU‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q wVK †Zgwb evPvi

wjsM wba©viYKvix Dcv`vb Av‡m cyil †_‡K wbM©Z exh© †_‡K| GB ÁvbwU †KviAvb bvwhj nIqvi mg‡q

gvby‡li Rvbv wQj bv hv wKbv cÖgvY K‡i †h †KviAvb Avj­vniB K_v|

Rivqy‡Z AvU‡K _vKv i³wcÛ

gvbe wkïi Rb¥ m¤ú‡K© †KviAv‡b †NvwlZ Z_¨vw`mg~n hw` Avgiv ch©†e¶Y K‡i ‡h‡Z _vwK

Z‡e Avgiv AwZ ¸iZ¡c~Y© •eÁvwbK A‡j․wKK NUbvmg~‡ni m¤§yLxb ne|

c yi‡li ïµKxU hLb gwnjvi wW¤vYyi m‡½ wgwjZ nq ZLb Rb¥ †bqv wkïi †g․wjK Ask MwVZ

n‡q hvq| Rxewe`¨vq ÓRvB‡MvUÓ bv‡gi GKwU †Kvl Zr¶Yvr wefvR‡bi gva¨‡g cyYircv`b ïi

K‡i †`q Avi d‡j Zv åY bvgK GKwU Ógvsmj wc‡ÛÓ cwiYZ nq| Aek¨ GwU gvbyl †Kej

gvB‡µv‡¯‥v‡ci mvnv‡h¨ †`L‡Z cv‡i|

hvB †nvK GB åY c~Y©Zv jvf Kivi mgq Rivqy‡Z †Kewj k~‡Y¨ mgq KvUvq bv| †kKo †hgb

Gi AvuKwki gva¨‡g gvwU‡Z k³fv‡e †Mu‡_ _v‡K, åYI †Zgwb Rivqyi Mv‡q k³ n‡q †j‡M _v‡K|

G e܇bi gva¨‡g åY Zvi e„w×i Rb¨ gv‡qi †`n †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq cywó †c‡q _v‡K|16

G wel‡q †KviAv‡b GKwU Zvrch©c~Y© A‡j․wKK welq cÖKvwkZ Av‡Q| gvZ…M‡f© å‡Yi c~Y©Zv

jv‡fi e¨vcviwU D‡j­L Ki‡Z wM‡q Avj­vn ZvAvjv ÓAvjvK¡Ó kãwU e¨envi K‡i‡Qb t

cvV Kib Avcbvi i‡ei bv‡g, whwb m„wó K‡i‡Qb|

whwb m„wó K‡i‡Qb gvbyl‡K RgvU i³ (AvjvK¡) †_‡K,

cvV Kib, Avi Avcbvi ie AwZkq `qvjy | (†KviAvb, 96 t 1-3)

Aviex fvlvq ÒAvjvK¡Ó k‡ãi A_© Ggb ÓGKwU wRwbl hv †Kvb RvqMvq AvU‡K _v‡K|Ó

Av¶wiK A‡_© GKwU †Ruv‡Ki eY©bv †`qv hvq hv †Kvb †`‡n †j‡M †_‡K Zvi i³ †kvlY K‡i|

wbwðZfv‡eB gvZ…M‡f© å‡Yi e„w×i †ejvq Ggb GKwU mwVK k‡ãi e¨envi Av‡iv GKevi

cÖgvY K‡i †h, †KviAvb mviv Rvnv‡bi gvwjK Avj­vn KZ…©K bvwhj n‡q‡Q|

gvsm Aw ‡K Rwo‡q Ave„Z K‡i iv‡L

†KviAv‡bi Avqv‡Z ‡cÖwiZ Z_¨vw`i Av‡iKwU ¸iZ¡c~Y© w`K n‡jv gvZ…MnŸ‡i gvbe wkïi

e„w×i ch©vq¸‡jvi eY©bv| ‡m AvqvZmg~‡n D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, Rivqy‡Z Aw mg~n cÖ_g •Zix n‡q

e„w×cÖvß nq Avi Zvici gvsm‡ckx m„ó n‡q ‡m¸‡jv‡K Rwo‡q †X‡K ‡`q|

Gici Avwg ïµwe›`y‡K cwiYZ Kwi Ggb ÕAvjv‡K¡Õ hv †j‡M _v‡K, Gici †m AvjvK¡‡K

cwiYZ Kwi wcÛ‡Z, Zvici †mB wcÛ †_‡K m„wó Kwi Aw¯, c‡i Aw¯‡K †X‡K †`B

Rivqy‡Z cÖ_g c~Y©Zv jv‡fi mgq evPv RvB‡MvU AvKv‡i gv‡qi Rivqy‡Z ‡j‡M _v‡K †hb gv‡qi i³ †_‡K cywó

†c‡Z cv‡i| Dc‡ii wPÎwU GKwU RvB‡Mv‡Ui, hv †`L‡Z GKwU gvsmwc‡Ûi b¨vq| AvaywbK åyYwe`¨v GB MVbwU

Avwe®‥vi Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q hv wKbv cweÎ †KviAv‡b 1400 eQi Av‡MB A‡j․wKKfv‡e ÓAvjvK¡Ó kãwU Øviv D‡j­wLZ

n‡qwQj hvi A_© ÓGgb GKwU wRwbl hv‡Kvb RvqMv AvuK‡o c‡o _v‡KÓ| Avi G kãwU Øviv †Rvu‡Ki eY©bv †`qv

n‡q‡Q hv i³ †kvl‡Yi Rb¨ †`n‡K AvU‡K a‡i _v‡K|

†Mvk&Z w`‡q, Zvici Zv‡K M‡o Zzwj GK b~Zb m„wóiƒ‡c| myZivs KZ gnvb Kj¨vYgq

Avj­vn whwb m‡e©vËg mªóv| (†KviAvb, 23 t 14)

weÁv‡bi GKwU kvLv åƒYweÁvb gvZ…M‡f© 僇Yi e„w× wb‡q ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i | AwZ

mv¤cÖwZKKv‡ji åƒYZË¡we`M‡Yi aviYv wQj †h, gvsm Avi Aw¯ åƒY †_‡K GKB mg‡q m„ó n‡q

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Dcvw (cartilage) wUm~¨ Aw ‡Z cwiYZ nq| Gici Aw¯mg~‡ni Pviw`‡Ki wbe©vwPZ wUm~¨ Abyhvqx

gvs‡mi ‡Kvlmg~n GK‡Î G‡m Aw¯mg~n‡K Ave„Z K‡i iv‡L|

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Av‡Q †h, Rivqy‡Z cÖ_g Dcvw ¸‡jv Aw ‡Z cwiYZ nq| G¸‡jv c‡i gvsm‡ckx w`‡q Ave„Z

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c‡i Aw ‡Z cwiYZ Kwi Avi Zvici gvsm‡ckx Øviv Aw ‡K Rwo‡q †`B|Ó

nvwÇmg~n gvZ…M‡f© DbœxZ nIqv †kl n‡j c‡i GKwU wbw ©ó ch©v‡q gvsm †ckx w`‡q AvewiZ nq

ev †X‡K hvq|

GKwU •eÁvwbK cwÎKvq Developing Human bv‡g UvB‡Uj ‡`qv GKwU cwiQ‡` GB

NUbvwU Gfv‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q t

mßg mßv‡ni w`‡K Aw¯mg~n cy‡iv †`‡n Qwo‡q hvq Avi Zv‡`i cwiwPZ AvK…wZ aviY

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Ae vb MÖnY K‡i|17

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åƒYwe`¨vi cÖvß Z_¨mg~‡ni m‡½ mvgÄm¨ weavb K‡i|

gvZ…M‡f© evPvi wZbwU ch©vq

gvbyl ‡h gvZ…M‡f© wZbwU wfbœ wfbœ ch©v‡q m„ó nq‡Q - GUvB ewY©Z n‡q‡Q cweÎ †KvivAv‡b t

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†bB| AZGe †Zvgiv †Kv_vq wd‡i hvQ ? (†KviAvb, 39 t 6)

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t cÖ_g AvovB mßvn Ñ åƒY cye©eZ©x Ae v ( Pre-embryonic), AvUmßv‡ni †kl ch©š— åƒYve v

(Embyonic), Avi AvU mßvn †_‡K Rb¥ ch©š— Ae v (Fetal)|

GB Ae¯vmg~n wkïi e„w×i mgq wewfbœ ch©v‡qi D‡j­L K‡i _v‡K| ms‡¶‡c GB cwic°

nIqvi mg‡qi wfbœ wfbœ •ewkó¨mg~n wbgœiƒc t

åƒY c~e©eZ©x ch©vq t

G ¯ —‡i RvB‡MvU wefvR‡bi gva¨‡g e„w×cÖvß n‡q _v‡K Avi hLb GwU †Kvl¸‡Q (cell

cluster) cwiYZ nq ; GwU ZLb wb‡R‡K wb‡R Rivqyi †`qv‡j AvswkK XywK‡q ‡`q| hLb ewa©Z

n‡Z _v‡K ZLb †Kvl¸‡jv wb‡Riv wZbwU ¯—‡i mw¾Z nq|

åƒYve v t

wØZxq GB ch©vqwU we`¨gvb _v‡K mv‡o cvuP mßvn| G mgq wkï‡K ejv nq åƒY| G mgq

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åƒY cieZ©x Ae¯v t

G Ae¯v †_‡K åƒb‡K ejv nq wdUvm | Mf©ve¯vi Aóg mßvn †_‡K G Ae vwU ïi nq Avi

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cvmn wkïwU G ch©v‡q gvbe wkïi g‡Zv †`Lv hvq| hw`I cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q GwU gvÎ wZb †mw›UwgUvi

j¤v, Z_vwc mg — A½- cÖZ¨½mg~n cwi®‥vifv‡e †`Lv hvq| G Ae vwU wÎk mßvn eRvq _v‡K Avi

evPvi e„w× Rb¥ ch©š— Ae¨vnZ n‡Z _v‡K|

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ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q A‡j․wKKfv‡e| †h mg‡q wPwKrmvwe`¨v m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li AíB Ávb wQj †m mg‡q

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Avj­vni evYx GwUB cwi®‥vifv‡e cÖgvwYZ nq|

gv‡qi ya

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A‡j․wKK GB wgkª‡Yi DrmwUi (gv‡qi `ya) weKí Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e cÖwZ vcb Kiv hvq bv|

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weÁv‡b hv Avwe®‥vi Kiv n‡Q ZviB GKwU n‡jv †h - R‡b¥i ci `y eQi ch©š— gv‡qi `ya cv‡bi

we‡kl DcKvwiZv i‡q‡Q|19

AwZ mv¤cÖwZK Kv‡j weÁvb KZ…©K Avwe®K…Z GB e¨vcviwUB Avj­vn

ZvAvjv †KviAv‡b 1400 eQi Av‡M GB Avqv‡Z Avgv‡`i AewnZ K‡i‡Qb ---

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Zvi gvZv K‡ói ci Kó mn¨ K‡i Zv‡K M‡f© aviY K‡i‡Q Ges `yeQ‡i Zvi `y» Qvov‡bv

nq| myZivs †kvKi¸Rvix Ki Avgvi Ges †Zvgvi gvZv-wcZvi| Ae‡k‡l AvgviB Kv‡Q

wd‡i Avm‡Z n‡e| ( †KviAvb, 31 t 14)

Av½y‡ji Qv‡c gvby‡li cwiPq

hLb ‡KviAv‡b ejv nq †h, g„Zz¨i ci gvbyl‡K c~e©ve¯vq wdwi‡q Avbv Avj­vn ZvAvjvi Rb¨

AwZ mnR KvR, ZLb gvby‡li Av½y‡ji †iLvmg~‡ni (Qv‡ci) Dci we‡klfv‡e †Rvi ‡`qv n‡q‡Q|

gvbyl wK aviYv K‡i †h, Avwg Zvi nvomg~n GKÎ Ki‡Z cvie bv ?

nu¨v, Aek¨B Avwg GKÎ Kie| †Kbbv Avwg Zvi A½ywji AMÖfvM ch©š— h_vh_fv‡e wVK

K‡i w`‡Z m¶g| ( †KviAvb, 75 t 3-4)

Qwe

A½yjxi †iLv mg~‡ni Dci ¸iZ¡ cÖ`vb Kivi e¨vcv‡i GKwU we‡kl A_© i‡q‡Q| KviY

cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki A½yjxi †iLvmg~n Abb¨, AwØZxq| cÖwZwU gvbyl, RxweZ wKsev ‡Kvb Kv‡j RxweZ wQj,

Giƒc cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB GK‡mU Abb¨ †iLv½yjx i‡q‡Q|

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MÖnb K‡i †bqv n‡q‡Q Avi G D‡Ï‡k¨B Zv c„w_exi me©Î e¨envi Kiv nq|

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n‡q‡Q| Gi Av‡M gvbyl G¸‡jv‡K †Kvb ¸iZ¡nxb mvaviY eµ‡iLv wn‡m‡eB Rvb‡Zv| wKš‧

†KviAv‡b GB A½yjx †iLvmg~‡ni cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q hv †m mg‡q Kv‡iv g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y

Ki‡Z cv‡iwb Ges Avj­vn GB ¸iZ¡wUi cÖwZ Avgv‡`i g‡bv‡hvM †`qvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb K‡i‡Qb- †h

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GgbwK ûeû GKB iƒc hgR ch©š— cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB i‡q‡Q Abb¨ mvaviY A½ywji †iLvmg~n| Ab¨

K_vq gvby‡li cwiPq Zv‡`i A½ywj mg~‡n msKjbfy³ A_vr ms‡KZ wjwci mvnv‡h¨ †jLv

i‡q‡Q| msKj‡bi GB wm‡÷gwU AayYv e¨eüZ evi‡KvW ev †iLv-m‡¼Z wm‡÷‡gi m‡½ Zzjbv

Kiv P‡j|

‡KviAv‡b fwel¨revYx

f~wgKv

Ggb wKQz ¸iZ¡c~Y© NUbvi K_v ‡KviAvb Av‡MB cÖKvk K‡i †h¸‡jv c‡i fwel¨‡Z mwZ¨ mwZ¨

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Avqv‡Z Avj­vn ZvAvjv gymjgvb‡`i GB mymsev` †`b †h ZLbKvi w`‡b †c․ËwjK‡`i `LjK…Z

g°v AwP‡iB gymjgv‡biv Rq K‡i †b‡e t

wbðqB Avj­vn Zvui ivm~j‡K ev —evwqZ K‡i †`wL‡q‡Qb ¯cœwU h_vh_fv‡e| Aek¨B

†Zvgiv Avj­vni BQvq gmwR‡` nviv‡g cÖ‡ek Ki‡e wbivc‡`, ZLb †Zvgv‡`i g‡a¨ †KD

†KD gv_v gyov‡Z _vK‡e Ges †KD †KD Pzj KvU‡Z _vK‡e| †Zvgv‡`i †Kvb cÖKvi fq

_vK‡e bv | Avj­vn Rv‡bb hv †Zvgiv Rvb bv| Avi wZwb †Zvgv‡`i‡K G ¯cœ ev¯—evwqZ

nIqvi c~‡e© GK Avï weRq w`‡jb| (‡KviAvb, 48 t 27)

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cÖ_‡g Bn~w`‡`i `LjK…Z LvBevi `yM© `Lj K‡i †bq Ges Zvici g°vq cÖ‡ek K‡i|

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D`vniY gvÎ| ‡KviAv‡bi K_v †h Amxg Ávbevb Avj­vniB evYx GB mv¶¨I w`‡Q GB e¨vcviwU|

evB‡R›UvB‡bi civR‡qi K_v fwel¨‡Z N‡U hvIqv Ab¨vb¨ NUbvi g‡Zv GKwU hv †KviAv‡b †NvlYv

Kiv n‡qwQj †h¸‡jv †m mgqKvi gvby‡li c‡¶ ‡Kvb fv‡eB Rvbv m¤¢e wQj bv| GB NUbvi

mePvB‡Z ‡K․Zn‡ji e¨vcviwU GB †h †ivgvbiv c„w_exi mePvB‡Z wbgœZg A‡j civRq eiY K‡i

wQj Ñ cieZ©x cvZvq e¨vcviwU we —vwiZ eY©bv Kiv n‡e| GwU gRvi †h GLv‡b Òme©wbgœ c‡q‡›UiÓ

K_v we‡klfv‡e D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q| ‡m Avg‡ji cÖhyw³ w`‡q Ggb GKwU gvc‡hvL K‡i c„w_exi

wbgœZg AÂj wba©viY G‡Kev‡i ¯úófv‡eB Am¤¢e e¨vcvi wQj| GmeB gvbe RvwZi D‡Ï‡k¨

gnvÁvbx Avj­vn †mvenvbvj­vn ZvAvjvi cÖKvwkZ evYx|

evB‡R›UvBb‡`i weRq

†KviAvb bvwh‡ji Av‡iKwU Avðh© NUbv GB †h m~iv iƒ‡gi cÖ_g Avqv‡Z evB‡R›UvBb m¤ú‡K©

fwel¨r evYx Kiv n‡q‡Q| cieZ©x †ivgvb mvgªv‡R¨i c~e©w`‡Ki GKwU AskB n‡jv evB‡R›UvBb|

D³ AvqvZ¸‡jv‡Z D‡j­L Kiv nq †h, evB‡R›UvBb mvgªvR¨ GKwU civR‡qi gy‡LvgywL n‡qwQj

wVKB wKš‧ kxNÖB R‡qi gyL †`L‡e|

Avwjd-jvg-gxg

†ivgKiv civwRZ n‡q‡Q,

GK wbgœZg ¯v‡b Ges Zviv Zv‡`i G civR‡qi ci AwZ mZ¡i Rqjvf Ki‡e,

wZb †_‡K bq eQ‡ii g‡a¨| c~‡e©i I c‡ii dqmvjv Avj­vniB| Avi †mw`b gywgbiv

Avbw›`Z n‡e| (†KviAvb, 30 t 1-4)

Qwe

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m‡b D³ AvqvZ¸‡jv bvwhj n‡qwQj| evB‡R›UvBbiv Lye Aí mg‡qi gv‡SB weRq wQwb‡q †b‡eÑ

g„ZmvM‡ii Zjvwb †hLv‡b evB‡Rw›Ubiv cvim¨‡`i nv‡Z civRq eiY K‡i|

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mePvB‡Z wbgœZg GB GjvKvwU mgy`ª c„‡ôi 395 wgUvi wb‡gœ Aew¯Z|

AvqvZ¸‡jv‡Z ZvB ewY©Z n‡qwQj| mwZ¨ ej‡Z wK, evB‡R›UvBbiv †Kej gvivZ¥K civRqB eiY

K‡iwb, GgbwK GwUi wU‡K _vKvB †hLv‡b Am¤¢e n‡q `vwo‡qwQj †mLv‡b wRZvi K_v ev`B w`‡Z

nq| ‡Kej cvim¨ivB bq, gvivZ¥K fxwZi KviY wn‡m‡e AviI we`¨gvb wQj Avfvim, ¯­vf, Avi

j¤vW©iv| Avfvim& KÝUvw›U‡bv‡cv‡ji †`qvj ch©š— G‡m wM‡qwQj| evB‡R›UvBb mgªvU †nivwK¬qvm

wMR©vmg~‡ni ¯Y©, ‡i․c¨¸‡jv Mwj‡q gy ªv evwb‡q Zvi evwnbx‡`i LiP †gUv‡bvi Av‡`k w`‡jb|

G¸‡jvI hLb Ach©vß g‡b n‡jv ZLb GgbwK †eªv‡Äi g~wZ©¸‡jv Mwj‡q g~`ªv evbv‡bv n‡jv| eû

MfY©i †nivwK¬qv‡mi wei‡× we‡`ªvn †NvlYv K‡iwQj Avi Zvi mvgªvR¨ wQj cZ‡bi gy‡L| Av‡Mi

evB‡R›UvB‡bi Aaxb¯— ivóª, †hgb, †g‡mvc‡Uwgqv, wmwjwmqv, wmwiqv, †c‡j÷vBb, wgmi, Av‡g©wbqv

ZLb g~wZ©c~RK cvim¨‡`i Aaxb¯ — n‡q wM‡qwQj|20

¯í K_vq mK‡jB g‡b KiwQj †h evB‡R›UvBb mvgªvR¨ aŸsm n‡q hv‡e| wVK †mB gyn~‡Z© m~iv

iƒ‡gi cÖ_g K‡qKwU AvqvZ bvwhj nq, hv‡Z †NvwlZ n‡qwQj †h, K‡qK eQ‡ii gv_vq

evB‡R›UvBbiv weRq wQwb‡q †b‡e| wKš‧ weRq ZLb Ggwb Am¤¢^e wQj †h, eû-Ck¦iev`x Avieiv

AvqvZ KqwU wb‡q cwinvm ïi K‡i w`j| Zviv †f‡ewQj †h †KviAv‡bi GB weR‡qi NUbv KLbI

mwZ¨ n‡e bv|

m~iv iƒ‡gi cÖ_g AvqvZLvbv bvwh‡ji mvZ eQi c‡i 627 m‡bi wW‡m¤‡i evB‡R›UvBb Avi

cvim¨‡`i gv‡S GKwU P~ovš— hy× k yi nj wb‡b‡fn‡Z| GB mgq AvkvZxZfv‡e evB‡R›UvBbiv

cvim¨‡`i civwRZ Kij| K‡qK gvm c‡i cvim¨iv evB‡R›UvBb‡`i m‡½ Pzw³ Ki‡Z eva¨ nj,

hviB d‡j Zv‡`i‡K wb‡R‡`i `Lj Kiv Ask¸‡jv n‡Z nU‡Z eva¨ n‡qwQj|21

Ae‡k‡l Avj­vn ZvAvjvi †NvlYvK…Z Ó‡ivgK‡`i weRqÓ evYxwU A‡j․wKKfv‡e mZ¨ n‡q

wM‡qwQj|

D³ AvqvZwUi Av‡iKwU A‡j․wKK welq n‡jv ‡f․MwjK welq m¤‡Ü GKwU †NvlYv hv ZLbKvi

gvby‡li c‡¶ Rvb‡Z cviv m¤¢e wQj bv|

m ~iv iƒ‡gi Z…Zxq Avqv‡Z Avgiv Av‡iv AeMZ nB †h, †ivgvbiv c„w_exi me‡P‡q wbgœ GjvKvq

civwRZ n‡q‡Q| ÒAv`bv Avj AvieÓ GB Awfe¨w³wU eû Abyev‡` Òcvk¦eZ©x ¯vbÓ wn‡m‡e

Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| wKš‧ GwU g~j e³‡e¨i Av¶wiK A_© bv n‡q eis Avj¼wiK A_© cÖKvk K‡i‡Q|

Aviex‡Z ÒAv`bvÓ kãwU DrcwË n‡q‡Q Ò†`wbÓ kã †_‡K hvi gv‡b n‡jv ÒbxPzÓ, Avi ÒAvi`&Ó

k‡ãi A_© c„w_ex| ZvB ÒAv`&bv Avj Avi`&Ó Gi cÖKvk f½xwUi A_© n‡jv Òc„w_exi wbgœZg

GjvKvÓ|

me‡P‡q ‡K․Z~n‡ji welq n‡jv evB‡R›UvBb Avi cvi‡m¨i †h hy‡× evB‡R›UvBb†`i civRq nq

Avi d‡j Zviv †RiRv‡j†gi Dci AwaKvi nvwi‡q †d‡j †mB hy‡×iB GKwU AwZ msKUc~Y© ch©vq

mwZ¨ N‡UwQj c„w_exi GKwU wbgœZg GjvKvq| we‡kl GB GjvKvwU n‡jv g„Z mvM‡ii †ewmb ev

MnŸ‡i hv wKbv wmwiqv, ‡c‡j÷vBb Avi R`©v‡bi f~-fv‡Mi †Q`b we› y‡Z we`¨gvb| mgy ª c„‡ôi

395 wgUvi wb‡gœi GB g„Z mvMiwU Avm‡jB f~-c„‡ôi me©wbgœvÂj|

Zvi gv‡b n‡jv †h †KviAv‡b †hgb D³ i‡q‡Q wVK †Zgbfv‡eB evB‡R›UvBbiv we‡k¦i me©wbgœ

GjvKvq †n‡i wM‡qwQj|

gRvi e¨vcviwU n‡jv GB †h, †Kej gvÎ AvaywbKKv‡ji cwigvcK cÖhyw³ w`‡qB g„Z mvM‡ii

MfxiZv gvcv †h‡Z cv‡i| Gi Av‡M c„w_exc„‡ôi me©wbgœ GjvKvwU ‡Kv_vq ev †KvbwU Zv Rvbv m¤¢e

wQj bv| wKš‧ †KviAv‡b D³ n‡q‡Q †h G GwU c„w_exi me©wbgœ GjvKv| G e¨vcviwU Avev‡iv mv¶¨

w`‡Q †h †KviAvb GKwU ¯M©xq ag©MÖš|

Dc‡i g„Z mvMi MnŸ‡ii GKwU fy-DcM Ön wPÎ| †Kej gvÎ AvaywbK cwigvcK hš¿vw` w`‡q g„Z

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me©wbgœ GjvKv|

†KviAv‡bi HwZnvwmK A‡j․wKKZv

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cÖvPxb wgmi m¤ú‡K© †KviAv‡bi wKQz Z_¨ eû HwZnvwmK welq D‡b¥vwPZ K‡i ‡h¸‡jv wKbv

mv¤cÖwZK Kvj ch©š— Aby`NvwUZ wQj| GB welq¸‡jv Avgv‡`i Av‡iv wb‡ ©k Ki‡Q †h G †KviAvb

GK wbwðr gnvwe‡Ái c¶ †_‡K bvwhj n‡q‡Q|

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Kv‡Qi gvbyl wn‡m‡e G bvgwU †KviAvb kix‡di QqwU wfbœ As‡k D³ n‡q‡Q|

Avð‡h©i welq ‡h, †Z․iv‡Zi †h As‡k g~mvi Rxebx i‡q‡Q, Zv‡Z G bvgwU KL‡bv D‡j­L Kiv

nqwb| Z‡e Iì †Uóv‡g‡›Ui me©‡kl Aa¨v‡q e¨vwej‡bi GK ivRvi mvnvh¨Kvix wn‡m‡e G bvgwU

cvIqv hvq, ‡h ivRv wK-bv g~mvi mg‡qi 1100 eQi c‡i BmivCjx‡`i Dci wbôzi AZ¨vPvi

Pvwj‡qwQj|

wKQz Agymwjg, hviv `vex K‡i †h, ivmyjyj­vn (`t) †Z․ivZ Ges evB‡ej †_‡K bKj K‡i

†KviAvb kixd mvwR‡q‡Qb, Zviv †Rvi Mjvq e‡j †h, G cÖwµqvi mgq bex (`t) wKQz wKQz wel‡q

ÎwU mnKv‡i †KviAv‡b G‡b‡Qb|

wKš‧ 200 eQi Av‡M hLb wgmixq cÖvPxb ms‡KZ wjwc nvBAv‡ivwM­wdK (hieroglyphic)

D`NvUb K‡i eySv †Mj Avi cÖvPxb wjwc¸‡jvq nvgvb kãwUi D‡j­L i‡q‡Q Rvbv †Mj Ñ ZLb GB

`vwei AmviZv cÖgvwYZ n‡jv|

GB Avwe¯‥v‡ii Av‡M cÖvPxb wgmixq wjLv Avi AwfwjLb (wkjvi Mv‡q wjLv) eySv †h‡Zv bv|

nvBAv‡ivwM­wdK ev ms‡KZ wjL‡b wjLv cÖvPxb wgmixq fvlv hyM hyM wU‡K wQj| Z‡e, wØZxq Ges

Z…Zxq kZvwã†Z L„óvb ag© cÖPvi Avi Ab¨vb¨ ms®‥…wZi cÖmv‡ii d‡j wgmixqiv cÖvPxb wek¦vm Avi

nvBAv‡ivwM­wdK ev ms‡KZ wjwc fy‡j hvq| ms‡KZ wjL‡bi me©‡kl Rvbv D`vniYwU 394 m‡bi

GKwU AwfwjLb wQj| Gici G fvlvwU ¯§„wZ †_‡K gy‡Q wM‡qwQj, Avi †KD Zv wjL‡Z ev eyS‡Z

cvi‡Zv bv| 200 eQi Av‡M ch©š— G Ae¯vwU we`¨gvb wQj ...|

1799 m‡b ÒRosetta Stone” bv‡gi GKwU U¨ve‡jU ev wjwcdjK Avwe®‥v‡ii d‡j cÖvPxb

wgmixq ms‡KZwjwc ev nvBAv‡ivwM­wdK Gi in‡m¨i mÜvb cvIqv †Mj ; djKwU wQj Lªx‡ói R‡b¥i

196 eQi Av‡Mi| GB AwfwjLb Lvwbi ¸iZ¡ Ggwb wQj †h, GwU wZbwU wfbœ wfbœ Dcv‡q wjLv

wQj ; Dcvq¸‡jv wQj nvBAv‡ivwM­wdK, ‡W‡gvwUK (cÖvPxb wgmixq nvBAv‡iwUK wjL‡bi mnRiƒc)

Avi MÖxK | MÖxK wjLbwUi mvnvh¨ wb‡q cÖvPxb wgmixq ms‡KZ wjLb¸‡jvi A_© †ei Kiv n‡jv |

Jean-Francoise Chamollion bv‡gi GKRb divmx †jv‡Ki mnvqZvq wjwcLvwbi Abyev`

m¤ú~Y© Kiv n‡qwQj| Gfv‡e GB fy‡j hvIqv fvlv Ges Gi m‡½ RwoZ wKQz NUbvi cÖKvk NUj|

Ggb K‡i cÖvPxb wgm‡ii mf¨Zv, ag© Avi mgvR Rxe‡bi wekvj GK Áv‡bi †LvuR cvIqv †Mj|

nvBAv‡ivwM­wdK Gi ms‡KZ¸‡jvi M~pv_© eyS‡Zvivq ¸ c iZ¡c~Y© Áv‡bi mÜvb cvIqv †Mj t

ev —weKB ÓnvgvbÓ kãwU wgmixq ms‡KZwjwc‡Z wjLv wQj| wf‡qbvi Hof Museum G bvgwUi

D‡j­L i‡q‡Q|22

mgMÖ AwfwjLb¸‡jvi msMÖ‡ni Dci wbf©i K‡i ‣Zix Awfavb People in the New

Kingdom G nvgvb‡K Òcv_i P~Y©Kvix‡`i †bZvÓ wn‡m‡e cwiPq †`qv n‡q‡Q|23

Ebwesk kZvãx‡Z wgm‡ii fvlv nvBAv‡ivwM­wdK Abyev` K‡i D`NvUb Kivi Av‡M ch©š— ÓnvgvbÓ bvgwU

Rvbv wQj bv| nvBAv‡ivwM­wdK Abyev` K‡i eySv †Mj †h nvgvb †divD‡bi GKRb wbKU mn‡hvMx wQj Ges

†m wQj cv_i P~Y©Kvix‡`i cÖavb| (Dc‡i cÖvPxb wgmixq wbg©vY kªwgK‡`i †`Lv hv‡Q) GLv‡b mwZ¨Kv‡ii

¸iZ¡c~Y© c‡q›UwU n‡jv †h †KviAv‡b nvgvb †divD‡bi Av‡`‡k wbg©vYKvh© cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zv e‡j D‡j­L Kiv

n‡q‡Q| Gi gv‡b GwUB `vuovq †h GB †h Z_¨wU hv m¤ú‡K© Kv‡iv c‡¶ wKQz Rvbv m¤¢e wQj bv, ZvB

†KviAv‡b D³ n‡qwQj|

djvdjwU GKwU AZ¨š— ¸iZ¡c~Y© m‡Z¨i D‡b¥vPb K‡i w`j| †KviAvb we‡ivax‡`i wg_¨v `vexi

wecix‡Z †`Lv †Mj GB †mB e¨w³ nvgvb, †h wKbv g~mvi (Avt) mgqKv‡j ‡divD‡bi GKRb AwZ

Kv‡Qi gvbyl wn‡m‡e wgm‡i emevm K‡i AvmwQj| †KviAv‡b ‡hgb ejv n‡q‡Q wVK †Zgwb, nvgvb

wbg©vY Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ wQj|

AwaKš‧ †KviAv‡bi GKwU Avqv‡Z GKwU NUbvq ‡hgb D³ Av‡Q ‡h †divDb nvgvb‡K GKwU

UvIqvi wbg©v‡Yi K_v ej‡Q, †mwU cÖZœZË¡we`‡`i cÖvß Z_¨vejx¸‡jvi m‡½ GK`g wg‡j

hvq t

†divDb ejj t †n mfvm`e„›` ! Avwg Qvov †Zvgv‡`i Ab¨ †Kvb Dcvm¨ Av‡Q e‡j Avwg

g‡b Kwi bv| †n nvgvb! Zzwg Avgvi Rb¨ BU †cvovI, Zvici Avgvi Rb¨ GKwU myDP

cÖvmv` wbg©vY Ki, hv‡Z Avwg g~mvi gvÕey‡`i cÖwZ DuwK †g‡i †`L‡Z cvwi| Z‡e Avgvi‡Zv

aviYv †h, †m Aek¨B wg_¨vev`x| (‡KviAvb, 28 t 38)

cwi‡k‡l, nvgv‡bi Aw¯—‡Ë¡i welqwU †KviAvb we‡ivax‡`i ev‡bvqvU Rvj `vwe‡KB ïay ¸iZ¡nxb

e‡j cÖgvY K‡iwb, eis Avev‡iv GKevi cÖgvY K‡i w`j †h, †KviAvb G‡m‡Q me©kw³gvb Avj­vni

Zid †_‡K| GKiKg A‡j․wKKfv‡eB †KviAvb †mB mg¯— HwZnvwmK NUbvmg~n m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i

Rvwb‡q‡Q hv bexi (`t) mg‡q N‡Uwb wKsev Rvbv wQj bv|

†KviAv‡b wgm‡ii kvmKM‡Yi Dcvwa

wgm‡ii cªvPxb BwZnvm †Nu‡U G Z_¨B †ewi‡q Av‡m †h, †m A‡j gymv (Avt) B GKgvÎ bex

n‡q Av‡mbwb| gymvi (Avt) mg‡qi eû Av‡M BDmyd (Avt) wgm‡i emevm K‡i †M‡Qb|

gymv (Avt) Ges BDmyd (Avt)Ñ G `yR‡bi NUbvejx co‡Z wM‡q Avgiv wKQ~ mv „‡k¨i ev

Zzjbvi gy‡LvgywL nB| ‡KviAv‡b BDmyd (Avt) Gi mgqKvi wgm‡ii kvmK‡`i m‡¤vab Ki‡Z

wM‡q gvwjK kãwU e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|

gvwjK (ev`kvn) ejj t BDmyd‡K Avgvi Kv‡Q wb‡q G‡mv, Avwg Zv‡K Avgvi GKvš—

mnPi K‡i ivLe | Zvici †m hLb Zvi mv‡_ K_v ejj ZLb †m ejj t wbðqB AvR

Avcwb Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q AwZkq gh©v`vevb I wek¦¯—| (†KviAvb, 12 t 54)

wKš‧ gymvi (Avt) mg‡q kvmK‡`i WvKv n‡Zv Ò‡divDb Ó |

Avi Avwg †Zv g~mv‡K bqwU cÖKvk¨ gyÕwRhv w`‡qwQjvg, Avcwb ebx BmivCj‡K wR‡Ám

Kib ; hLb †m Zv‡`i Kv‡Q G‡mwQj ZLb †diAvDb Zv‡K e‡jwQj t Ò†n g~mv ! Avwg

†Zv g‡b Kwi, Aek¨B Zzwg hv`yMÖ¯—| (†KviAvb, 17 t 101)

AvR †h mg — HwZnvwmK †iKW© cvIqv hv‡Q Zv‡Z kvmKM‡Yi wfbœ wfbœ bvgKi‡Yi KviY

Ly‡uR cvIqv hv‡Q| c~‡e© cÖvPxb wgm‡i ivRcÖvmv`‡K Ó†divDbÓ ejv n‡Zv Avi GLvb †_‡KB

G‡m‡Q GB kãwU| cÖvPxb ivRes‡ki kvmKMY Zv‡`i Dcvwa wn‡m‡e GB bvgwU e¨envi K‡ibwb|

wgm‡ii BwZnv‡m Ób~Zb ivR¨Ó hy‡Mi c~e© ch©š— ivRv‡`i Dcvwa wn‡m‡e G bvgwU ïi nqwb| GB

mgqKvjwU 18 Zg ivRes†ki m‡½ ïi nq Avi weskZg ivResk †_‡K ivRv‡`i cÖwZ m¤§vb

cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z wM‡q GB Ó†divDbÓ kãwU UvB‡Uj wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡Z ïi K‡i|

GLv‡b Av‡iKevi †KviAv‡bi A‡j․wKKZ¡ cÖgv‡Yi Av‡iKwU D`vniY cvIqv hvq t BDmyd

(Avt) cÖvPxb ivR‡Z¡ eZ©gvb wQ‡jb †h hy‡M ivRv‡`i Ó†divDbÓ bq eis ÓgvwjKÓ e‡j m‡¤vab

Kiv n‡Zv| D‡ëv †h‡nZz gymv (Avt) b~Zb iv‡R¨i hy‡M eZ©gvb wQ‡jb, ZvB ZLbKvi kvmK‡`i

Ó†divDbÓ bv‡g WvKv n‡Zv|

m‡›`n †bB †h Ggb c„_K K‡i ejvi Rb¨ GKRb‡K wgm‡ii BwZnvm Rvb‡Z n‡e| wKš‧ PZz_©

kZ‡Ki gv‡SB wgm‡ii BwZnvm m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c fy‡j hvq gvbyl ; KviY gvbyl Avi wgm‡ii fvlv

(nvBAv‡ivwM­wdK) eyS‡Z cv‡iwb ; `xN©w`b ci wgm‡ii BwZnvm cyYivq Dwbk kZ‡K D×vi Kiv

nq| myZivs †KviAvb bvwhj nIqvi mgq wgm‡ii BwZnvm m¤ú‡K© †Kvb cyLvbycyL Ávb AR©b Kiv

m¤¢e wQj bv| AMwYZ mv¶¨-cÖgv‡Yi gv‡S GwUI cÖgvY K‡i †h †KviAvb Avj­vni evYx|

Dcmsnvi

‡KviAvb Avj­vniB evYx

GB Aewa Avgiv hv †`‡LwQ, Zv‡Z GKwU mZ¨B ¯úófv‡e ‡ewi‡q Av‡m t †KviAvb †mB MÖš

hv‡Z ewY©Z cÖwZwU Z_¨B mZ¨ e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| weÁvb welqK Z_¨vejx Avi fwel¨‡Z NU‡e

Ggb KwU welq m¤ú‡K© †KviAv‡bi D‡j­L Ñ hvi gv‡b, †h mg‡q hv wKQz gvby‡li c‡¶ Rvbv m¤¢e

wQj bv Ñ †mmeB †KviAv‡bi AvqvZ¸‡jvq ‡mB mg‡q †NvwlZ n‡qwQj| †mB mg‡qi Ávb Avi

†UK‡bvjwRi gvÎv ev Ae v w`‡q Gme Z_¨mg~n Rvb‡Z cviv wQj Am¤¢e| GUvB ¯úó mv¶¨ `vb

Ki‡Q †h †KviAvb †Kvb gvby‡li K_vejx bq| whwb me wKQz m„wó K‡i‡Qb Avi whwb Zuvi Áv‡bi

gva¨‡g me wKQz cwi‡eób K‡i Av‡Qb †mB gnvkw³kvjx Avj­vniB K_vgvjv GB †KviAvb|

†KviAv‡bi GKwU Avqv‡Z Avj­vn D‡j­L K‡i‡Qb ‡h, Ó†KviAvb hw` Avj­vn wfbœ Ab¨ Kv‡iv Zid

†_‡K Avm‡Zv, Z‡e Zv‡Z Zviv AmsL¨ AmvgÄm¨ Lyu‡R †cZ|Ó (‡KviAvb, 4 t 82) †KviAv‡b

AmvgÄm¨ †Zv bqB, eis G ¯M©xq eBwUi cÖwZwU Z_¨ w`‡b w`‡b D‡Ëv‡ivËi A‡j․wKKZ¡ cÖKvk

Ki‡Q|

GLb gvby‡li KZ©e¨ Avj­vni bvwhj Kiv GB eBLvwb `„pfv‡e AvuK‡o a‡i Zvi AbymiY Kiv

Avi GwU‡KB GK gvÎ MvBW ev cwiPvwjKv wn‡m‡e MÖnb K‡i †bqv| Avj­vn Avgv‡`i AvnŸvb K‡i

e‡j‡Qb t

GwU GKwU wKZve, hv Avwg bvwhj K‡iwQ, AZxe eiKZgq| AZGe Gi AbymiY Ki

Ges mZK© nI, hv‡Z †Zvgiv ingZcÖvß nI| (†KviAvb, 6 t 155)

Ab¨ GKwU Avqv‡Z Avj­vn D‡j­L Ki‡Qb t

ejyb t mZ¨ †Zvgv‡`i i‡ei Zid †_‡K G‡m‡Q ; AZGe hvi BQv nq Cgvb AvbyK Ges

hvi BQv nq Kzdix KiK| (†KviAvb, 18 t 29)

bv KLbI Giƒc Ki‡eb bv, G †KviAvb †Zv Dc‡`kevYx|

AZGe hvi BQv nq, †m Zv MÖnb KiK| (†KviAvb, 80 t 11-12)

weeZ©‡bi åvš— aviYv

f~wgKv

Avj­vni MÖš †KviAvb hv wKbv Avgv‡`i Avgv‡`i c_-cwiPvwjKv I mveavb evYx wn‡m‡e †cÖiY

Kiv n‡q‡Q, †mwUiB wKQz A‡j․wKK w`K Avgiv Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| GB mg — A‡j․wKK welq¸‡jv

w`‡q Avj­vn Avgv‡`i wb`k©b †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb †h GwU m‡Z¨i MÖš Ges wZwb gvbyl‡K AvnŸvb

Rvwb‡q‡Qb ‡hb Zviv GB eBwUi e¨vcv‡i we‡ePbv K‡i ev †f‡e †`‡L| f~c„‡ô m„wói wbLyZ wWRvBb

m¤‡Ü gvbyl ¯xK…wZ `vb Ki‡e Avi G¸‡jv ¯§i‡Yi gva¨‡g Zv ui kw³i ¸YMvb Ki‡e - GB

¸iZ¡c~Y© welqwU †KviAv‡b wb‡`©k K‡i‡Qb Avj­vn ZvAvjv| wKš—y AvR Ggb wKQz fvev`k© we`¨gvb

‡h¸‡jv gvby‡li gb †_‡K m„wói m‡Z¨i welqwU‡K fywj‡q w`‡Z Pvq Ges wfwËnxb wKQ~ aviYv Øviv

G welqwU‡K ~‡i †V‡j w`‡Z Pvq|

G¸‡jvi gv‡S me‡P‡q Zvrch©c~Y© welq n‡jv e ‧ev`|

e¯‧ev` †hwU‡K wb‡Ri Rb¨ Z_vKw_Z ‣eÁvwbK wfwË wn‡m‡e a‡i †bq †mwUB nj

WviDBbev`| cÖvY A‣Re e¯‧ †_‡K hyMcr msNU‡bi gva¨‡g D‡®§wlZ n‡q‡Q e‡j hyw³ cÖ`vbKvix

GB w_IwiwU bm¨vr n‡q wM‡q‡Q ZLbB, hLb ¯xKvi K‡i †bqv n‡q‡Q †h GKgvÎ Avj­vn ZvÕAvjvB

GB wek¦PivPi m„wó K‡i‡Qb|

wZwb Avj­vn whwb gnvwek¦ m„wó K‡i‡Qb Avi ¶z`ªZg I cyLvbycy| L wWRvBb •Zix K‡i‡Qb

weeZ©‡bi †h w_IixwU ‡cvlY K‡i †h Rxe RMr Avj­vni m„wó bq eis hyMcr msNU‡bi djvdj

†mB w_IixwU mZ¨ n‡ZB cv‡i bv|

Avðh© bq †h, hLb Avgiv weeZ©b gZev`wUi w`‡K `„wócvZ Kwi, ZLb †`L‡Z cvB †h GUv

•eÁvwbK Z_¨¸‡jv ØvivB evwZj n‡q hvq | cÖwZwU Rx‡ei wWRvBb AZ¨š— RwUj Avi wPËvKl©K

| D`vniY¯iƒc, Ro RM‡Z AbymÜvb K‡i Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h wK GK m~² fvimv‡g¨i Dci

cigvYy¸‡jv Ae vb K‡i Av‡Q Ges Rxe RM‡Z Avgiv j¶¨ Kwi †h, †Kgb RwUj wWRvB‡bi

gva¨‡g cigvYy¸‡jv GKwGZ nq Avi †Kgb AmvaviY †mB c×wZmg~n ; Avi Avwgl, GbRvBg Avi

‡Kvlmg~‡ni MVb ‡h¸‡jv GB c×wZ¸‡jvi gva¨‡gB Drcbœ n‡q _v‡K |

wesk kZvãxi †k‡li w`‡K Rx‡e we`¨gvb GB we¯§qKi wWRvBb WviDBbev`‡K Awm× cÖgvY

K‡i‡Q |

Avgiv GB welqwU wb‡q Avgv‡`i Ab¨vb¨ c‡h©lYv¸‡jvq mwe¯—v‡i Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ Ges

Gfv‡eB Zv K‡i hvIqv Ae¨vnZ ivLe| Aek¨ Avgv‡`i aviYv, welqwUi ¸iyZ¡ we‡ePbvq G‡b

GLv‡bI Gi Dci GKwU †QvU mvivsk ‣Zix Ki‡j Zv Kv‡R Avm‡e|

•eÁvwbKfv‡e WviDBbev‡`i cZb

cÖvPxb MÖxm †_‡KB GKwU gZev` wn‡m‡e P‡j Avm‡jI weeZ©b w_IwiwU Ebwesk kZvãx‡Z

e¨vcKfv‡e cÖmvi jvf K‡i| me‡P‡q ¸iZ¡c~Y© Dbœqb N‡U hLb ÓcÖRvwZi DrmÓ bvgK eBLvbv

cÖKvwkZ n‡q w_IwiwU‡K weÁvb RM‡Z me©‡kl Uwc‡K wb‡q Av‡m| Avj­vn Zvqvjv wewfbœ cÖvYx

cÖRvwZ†K c„_K c„_Kfv‡e m„wó K‡i†Qb - GwU WviDBb Zvi G eBLvbvq A¯xKvi K‡ib |

WviDB‡bi gZvbymv‡i mg¯— Rx‡eiB GKwU mvaviY c~e©cyil wQj Ges Giv Kv‡ji hvÎvq

¶y`ªvwZ¶z ª cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g

wewPÎ iƒ‡c AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i‡Q |

WviDB‡bi w_IwiwU †Kvb `„p •eÁvwbK Z‡_¨i Dci wfwË K‡i cÖwZwôZ wQj bv ; wZwb wb‡RI

†g‡b wb‡q‡Qb †h GUv wQj wbQKB GK ÒAbygvb Ó| AwaKš‧, WviDBb Zvi Òw_Iixi cÖwZK~jZv Ó

bvgK eBLvbvi `xN© Aa¨vqmg~‡n ¯xKvi K‡i‡Qb †h, w_IwiwU eû mgv‡jvPbvg~jK cÖ‡kœi DËi

cÖ`v‡b e¨_© nwQj |

WviDBb be be •eÁvwbK Avwe®‥v‡ii cv‡b Zvi mg¯— Avkv wb‡qvM Ki‡jb,

‡h¸‡jv Zvi w_Iwii cÖwZK~jZv¸‡jvi mgvavb wb‡q Avm‡e e‡j Zvi cÖZ¨vkv wQj | wKš‧ Zvi

Avkvi wecix‡Z ‣eÁvwbZ Z_¨¸‡jv GB mgm¨v¸‡jvi cwiwa Av‡iv evwo‡q w`j|

weÁv‡bi †gvKv‡ejvq WviDBbev‡`i GB civRqwU‡K wZbwU g~j Av‡jvP¨ wel‡q c~Ywb©ix¶Y

Kiv hvq t

1) f~c„‡ô cÖv‡Yi E‡b¥l wKfv‡e nj - Gi e¨vL¨v gZev`wU †Kvbfv‡eB cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

2) w_IwiwU KZ…©K cÖ —vweZ ÓweeZ©b cÖwµqv¸‡jviÓ weeZ©b NUv‡bvi †Kvb cÖKvi ¶gZv Av‡`․ Av‡Q wK

†bB - Zv cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨ †Kvb •eÁvwbK Z_¨ †bB |

3) Rxevk¥ †iKW©mg~n weeZ©b w_Iwii cÖ¯—vebvmg~‡ni m¤ú~Y© D‡ëv Z_¨ ev cÖgvY mieivn K‡i |

GB cwi‡Q‡` Avgiv GB wZbwU g~j welq mvaviY cwiwa‡Z ch©‡e¶Y Kie t

AbwZµg¨ cÖ_g avc t cÖv‡Yi E‡b¥l

weeZ©b gZev` ïaygvÎ Z‡K©i LvwZ‡i GUvB ï× e‡j a‡i †bq †h, 3.8 wewjqb eQi Av‡M

Avw` c„w_ex‡Z Avwef~©Z GKwU gvÎ Rxe†Kvl n‡ZB mg¯— RxweZ cÖRvwZi weKvk N‡U‡Q | wKfv‡e

GKwU gvÎ †Kvl n‡Z wgwjqb wgwjqb RwUj cÖRvwZi D™¢e n‡jv, Avi weeZ©b e‡j hw` wKQz N‡UB

_v‡K Z‡e dwmj †iK‡W© †KbBŸv Gi mvgvb¨ †Kvb wb`k©b cvIqv hvq bv Ñ G ai‡Yi †Kvb cÖ‡kœi

DËi cÖ`v‡b gZev`wU A¶g| hvB‡nvK, me©v‡MÖ, D³ weeZ©b cÖwµqvi cÖ_g avcwU AbymÜvb Ki‡Z

n‡e t wKfv‡e GB ÓAvw`†Kv‡liÓ DrcwË n‡jv ?

†h‡nZz weeZ©bev` m„wó †K․kj‡K A¯xKvi K‡i Avi AwZ cÖvK…wZK †Kvb cÖKvi ga¨¯Zv†K

†g‡b †bq bv, ‡m‡nZz Zv G†ZB AUj _v‡K †h, ÒAvw`†KvlÓ †Kvb wWRvBb,cwiKíbv ev †Kvb

e¨e¯vcbv QvovB cÖK…wZi wbqgvbyhvqx GK AvKw¯§K †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g DrcwË jvf K‡i‡Q| GB

gZev` Abyhvqx, hyMcr NUbvmg~‡ni dj¯iƒcB wbwðZfv‡e Ro e¯‧¸‡jvB GKwU Rxe‡Kv‡li Rb¥

w`‡q‡Q | hv‡nvK, GUv GgbwK RxeweÁv‡bi me‡P‡q Abvµg¨ wbqgvejxi m‡½ AmsMwZc~Y© GKwU

`vex |

ÒcÖvYx †_‡K cÖvYxi DrcwËÓ

WviDBb Zvi eBLvbvq cÖv‡Yi D™¢‡ei e¨vcviwU KLbI D‡j­L K‡ibwb | RxweZ mËv¸‡jvi

MVb KvVv‡gv AZ¨š— mij - G Abygv‡bi DciB Zvi mgqKvi weÁv‡bi Avw` aviYv cÖwZwôZ wQj |

ga¨hyM †_‡K ¯ZtdZ© Drcv`†bi bv‡g GKwU w_Iix `vex K‡i AvmwQj †h, Ro e¯‧¸‡jv GK‡Î

wgwjZ n‡qB Rx‡ei D™¢e NUvq, Avi GwU ZLb we¯—…Zfv‡e MÖnb‡hvM¨ wQj | mvaviYfv‡e wek¦vm

Kiv n‡Zv †h, ‡d‡j ivLv AwZwi³ Lvevi †_‡K †cvKvgvKo Avi Mg †_‡K B uyi Rb¥ †bq | GB

gZev`wU cÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ gRvi gRvi M‡elYv Pvjv‡bv n‡Zv | GKwU gqjv Kvc‡oi UzKivq wKQz Mg

†d‡j ivLv n‡Zv Avi wKQz¶b c‡iB Zv †_‡K B yui Rb¥ †b‡e e‡j wek¦vm Kiv n‡Zv | Abyiƒcfv‡e

gvsm †_‡K Kx‡Ui DrcwˆK ¯ZtùZ© Drcv`‡bi GKwU cÖgvY e‡j aviYv Kiv n‡Zv | Aek¨ gvÎ

wKQz w`‡bi e¨eav‡b GUv †evSv †M‡jv †h, KxU¸‡jv gvs†m ¯ZtùZ© fv‡e nvwRi nq bv, eis Lvwj

†Pv‡L †`Lv hvq bv - Ggb wKQz jvf©vi AvKv‡i gvwQ¸‡jv KxU¸‡jv‡K enb K‡i wb‡q Av‡m |

GgbwK †h mg‡q WviDBb Zvi ÓcÖRvwZi DrcwË Ó eBLvbv wj‡Lb ZLbI e¨vK‡Uwiqv Roe¯‧

†_‡K Rb¥ †bq Ggb GKwU wek¦vm weÁvb RM‡Z eûj cÖPwjZ wQj |

Aek¨ WviDB‡bi eB cÖKvkbvi gvÎ cvuP eQ‡ii gv_vq jyB cv¯‧i `xN© ch©‡e¶b I M‡elYv

†k‡l Zvi djvdj †NvlYv K‡ib hv WviDB‡bi gZev‡`i wfwË ¯_vcbKvix GB ¯ZtùZ©

Drcv`b‡K wg_¨v cÖgvY K‡i | 1864 m‡b, m‡e©v‡b †`qv GK weRqx †jKPv‡i jyB cv ‧i e‡jb,

ÒGB mij M‡elYvwU n‡Z cÖvß ¸iZi AvNvZ †_‡K ¯ZtùZ© Drcv`‡bi gZev`wU Avi KLbI

c~e©ve¯vq wd‡i Avm‡Z m¶g n‡e bv |Ó

weeZ©b gZev`wUi mg_©KMY cv ‧‡ii GB Z_¨¸‡jv†K `xN© mgq †VwK‡q †i‡LwQ‡jb| Aek¨

weÁv‡bi RqhvÎv hLb Rxe‡Kv‡li AwZ RwUj MV‡bi RU †Lv‡j w`j, Zvi mv‡_ mv‡_ hyMcr

NUbvq cÖv‡Yi Aw —‡Z¡ Avmvi KvíwbK aviYv m¤ú~Y© APjve¯vi m¤§yLxb n‡jv |

wesk kZvãx‡Z wm×vš—nxb cÖ‡Póv

L¨vZbvgv ik RxeweÁvbx Av‡jKRvÛvi Icvwib cÖ_g †mB weeZ©bev`x, whwb wesk

kZvãx‡Z ÒcÖv‡Yi DrcwË Ó welqwU‡K wb‡q Avevi b~Zb K‡i KvR ïi K‡ib | 1930 m‡b wZwb

wewfbœ w_wmm wb‡q GwM‡q Avm‡jb Avi cÖgvY Ki‡Z †P®Uv Ki‡jb †h, Rxe‡Kvl hyMcr NUbvq

Drcbœ n‡Z cv‡i| Aek¨ GeviI GB AbymÜvb¸‡jv e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ n‡jv Avi Icvwib‡K

wb‡gœv³ ¯xKv‡ivw³Lvwb Ki‡Z n‡jv t ÒhvB‡nvK, yf©vM¨RbKfv‡e nq‡Zvev †Kv‡li DrcwË welqK

mgm¨vwU Rxemg~‡ni weeZ©‡bi c~Y©v½ AbymÜv‡bi †ejvq me‡P‡q A¯úó GKwU c‡q›U wn‡m‡e i‡q

wM‡q‡Q |Ó25

Icvwi‡bi weeZ©bev`x AbymvixMY cÖv‡Yi DrcwË welqK mgm¨vwUi mgvavbK‡í bvbv cix¶v-

wbix¶v Pvwj‡q †h‡Z jvM‡jb| GB cix¶v¸‡jvi gv‡S me‡P‡q mycwiwPZ cix¶vwU m¤úbœ K‡ib

1953 m‡b Av‡gwiKvb ivmvqbwe` ó¨vbjx wgjvi| wZwb M‡elbvi GKwU †mU •Zix Ki‡jb ; Zvi

hyw³ Abyhvqx c„w_exi Avw` cwi‡e‡k wKQz M¨vm we`¨gvb wQj ‡h¸‡jv‡K wZwb Zvi †mUwU‡Z

GKms‡M †gkv‡jb I wgkªYwU‡Z kw³ mieivn Ki‡jb| Ae‡k‡l ms‡k­lY cÖwµqvq wewfbœ ai‡Yi

•Re AYy (GgvB‡bv GwmW) Drcbœ Ki‡jb †h¸‡jv †cÖvwU‡bi MVb KvVv‡gv‡Z we`¨gvb _v‡K |

†m mgq G cix¶vwU‡K weeZ©‡bi ¯c‡¶ GKwU ¸iZ¡c~Y© c`‡¶c e‡j Dc vcb Kiv

n‡qwQj | wKš‧ K‡qK eQi †h‡Z bv †h‡ZB G M‡elYvwU AMÖnb‡hvM¨ e‡j cÖKvwkZ n‡jv ; †Kbbv

M‡elYvq †h cwi‡ek e¨eüZ n‡qwQj Zv c„w_exi cÖK…Z Ae v n‡Z wQj A‡bK A‡bK wfbœ | 26

`xN© bxieZvi ci wgjvi ¯xKvi K‡i wb‡jb †h, wZwb †h cwi‡e‡ki gva¨g e¨envi K‡iwQ‡jb

Zv ev —‡e †bB |27

wesk kZvãx Ry‡o cÖv‡Yi DrcwËi e¨vL¨v `v‡b weeZ©bev`x‡`i †ckK…Z mg¯— cÖ‡Póv e¨_©Zvq

ch©ewmZ n‡jv | mvwÛqv‡Mv w¯…cm Bbw÷wUDU †_‡K f~-imvqbwe`, †Rdix ev`v, 1998 m‡b Av_©

g¨vMvwR‡b cÖKvwkZ GK Aby‡Q‡` G mZ¨wU ‡g‡b wb‡q e‡jb t

AvR GB wesk kZvãx †Q‡o hvIqvi cÖv°v‡jI me‡P‡q eo †h AgxgvswmZ mgm¨vwUi gy‡LvgywL

Avgiv nwQ, ‡hgbwU n‡qwQjvg G kZ‡K cÖ‡e‡ki mgq ; mgm¨vwU nj t f~c„‡ô cÖv‡Yi mÂvi n‡jv

wKfv‡e ? 28

Rxe‡`‡ni RwUj MVb

cÖv‡Yi DrcwË cÖms‡M weeZ©b gZev` Ggb GKwU eo ai‡Yi APjve vq mgvß nIqvi GKwU

cÖv_wgK KviY Ñ †h mg¯— Rxe¸‡jv AZ¨š— mij MV‡bi e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv n‡qwQj, †m¸‡jviI

Awek¦vm¨ ai‡Yi RwUj MVb i‡q‡Q| gvbe-cÖhyw³ Øviv •Zix mg¯— c‡Y¨i †P‡q GKwU Rxe‡Kvl

AwaKZi RwUj | AvR GB mg‡q GgbwK c„w_exi me‡P‡q DbœZ j¨ve‡iUix¸‡jv‡ZI A‣Re

e¯‧¸‡jv‡K GKwÎZ K‡i GKLvwb Rxe‡Kvl •Zix Kiv hvq bv |

GKLvwb †Kvl •Zix‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ©vw`i cwigvY GZ wecyj †h GUv‡K hyMcr NUbvq msNwUZ

nIqvi e¨vL¨v †`qvB fvi | ‡Kv‡li MVb KvVv‡gv‡Z e­K wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq †h †cÖvwUb¸‡jv,

Zv‡`i cÖwZwU M‡o 500 GgvB‡bv GwmW wb‡q MwVZ ; hyMcrfv‡e ms‡k­lb cÖwµqvq †m

†cÖvwUb¸‡jvi •Zix nIqvi m¤¢vebv 10950

fv‡MiI GK fvM| MvwYwZKfv‡e 1050

fv‡Mi †P‡q Kg

wKsev ¶z`ªZi †h †Kvb m¤¢vebv ev¯—‡e Am¤¢e|

†Kv‡li †K‡› ª Aew¯Z wW.Gb.G. GKwU Awek¦vm¨ WvUv e¨vsK, hv eskMwZi mg¯— Z_¨vejx enb

K‡i _v‡K | MYbv K‡i †`Lv †M‡Q †h, wW.Gb.G. †Z †h Z_¨vw` msKwjZ i‡q‡Q Zv hw` wjwce×

Kiv †h‡Zv Zvn‡j Zv 900 fwjDg GbmvB‡K¬v‡cwWqvi GK wekvjvKvq jvB‡eªix •Zix Ki‡Zv,

†hLv‡b cÖwZ fwjDg GbmvB‡K¬v‡wWqvq i‡q‡Q 500 c„ôv |

GB c‡q›UwU‡Z GKwU Dfq msKU •Zix nq t wW.Gb.G. †KejgvÎ we‡kl ai‡Yi wKQz †cÖvwU‡bi

(GbRvBg) mnvqZvq wefvwRZ nq | Avevi G GbRvBg¸‡jv ms‡k­l‡bi gva¨‡g ‣Zix nIqvi

hveZxq Z_¨vejx wW.Gb.G. Gi Mv‡q msKwjZ _v‡K | Avi GB Z_¨vejx †_‡KB ms‡k­lY

cÖwµqv¸‡jv ey‡S †bqv hvq | †`Lv hv‡Q †h, Df‡qB ci¯úi ci¯ú‡ii Dci wbf©ikxj | Avi

ZvB †Kvl wefvR‡bi mgq Zv‡`i Dfq‡K GKB m†½ eZ©gvb _vK‡Z n‡e| G Kvi‡YB cÖvY wb‡R

wb‡RB DrcwË jvf Ki‡e - Giƒc KvíwbK m¤¢vebvwU evwZj n‡q hvq| K¨vwj‡dvwb©qvq mvwÛqv‡Mv

BDvbfvwm©wUi mybvgab¨ weeZ©bev`x, Aa¨vcK †imwj Ai‡Mj, mv‡qw›UwdK G‡gwiKvb g¨vMvwR‡bi

1994 m‡bi †m‡Þ¤‡ii cÖKvkbvq GKwU AvwU©‡K‡j G mZ¨wU ¯xKvi K‡i e‡jb t

GUv G‡Kev‡iB Am¤¢e †h MVbMZfv‡e RwUj †cÖvwUb I GgvB‡bv GwmW Df‡qB GKB mg‡q

GKB RvqMv n‡Z Drcbœ n‡e | Z ycwi G‡`i GKwU Qvo&v Ab¨wUi Aw¯—Z¡ Am¤¢e e‡jB g‡b

nq | Avi ZvB, cÖ_g `„wó‡Z GKRb G wm×v‡š— DcbxZ n‡Z cv‡ib †h, cÖK…Zc‡¶ cÖvY

KLbI ivmvqwbK c×wZ‡Z •Zix n‡Z cvi‡Zv bv | 29

ej‡Z wØav †bB †h, hw` cÖK…wZMZ Kvi‡Y cÖv‡Yi DrcwËi m¤¢vebv bv _v‡K, Z‡e ZLb GUvB

†g‡b wb‡Z n‡e †h, GK AwZcÖvK„Z ev A‡j․wKK Dcv‡qB cÖv‡Yi mÂvi N‡U‡Q| G mZ¨UzKz

my¯úófv‡e †mB weeZ©b gZev`‡K evwZj †NvlYv K‡i hvi cÖK…Z D‡Ïk¨ Óm„wó Kg©Ó ‡K A¯xKvi

Kiv|

KvíwbK weeZ©b cÖwµqvmg~n

wØZxq †h ¸iZ¡c~Y© welqwU WviDB‡bi gZev`‡K evwZj K‡i †`q Zv n‡jv - ÒweeZ©‡bi

cÖwµqvejxÓ wn‡m‡e †h `ywU aviYvi AeZvibv Kiv n‡qwQj †m¸‡jvi ev¯—‡e weeZ©b NUv‡bvi †Kvb

¶gZv †bB e‡j eySv wM‡q‡Q |

Rxe‡bi Awek¦vm¨ iK‡gi RwUj MVb weeZ©b w_Iix‡K bm¨vr Kivi gZ GKwU welq| Rxe

†Kv‡li †K‡› ª Aew¯Z wW.Gb.G GwUiB GKwU D`vniY| wW.Gb.G GK cÖKvi WvUv e¨vsK

hv PviwU wfbœ wfbœ Aby mw¾Z n‡q •Zix nq| RxemË¡vi •`wnK •ewk󨸇jvi †KvW enb K‡i

GB WvUv e¨vsK| MYbv K‡i †`Lv †M‡Q †h,hw` gvby‡li wW.Gb.G wjLvi e¨e¯v Kiv nq Z‡e

Zv n‡e 900 fwjDg GbmvB‡K¬v‡cwWqvi mgvb| cÖkœvZxZfv‡eB GB AmvaviY Z_¨wU

wbwðrfv‡e nVvr hyMcZ msNU‡bi aviYvwU åvš— e‡j cÖgvY K‡i|

caption

WviDBb ÓcÖvK…wZK wbe©vPbÓ cÖwµqv†K Zvi DÌvwcZ weeZ©bev‡`i wfwË wnmv‡e `uvo Kivb|

wZwb GB c×wZi Dci †h we‡kl ¸iZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb Zv Zvi eBwUi bvgKi‡YB ¯úó n‡q D‡V t

ÓcÖRvwZi DrcwË, cÖvK…wZK wbe©vP‡bi ga¨ w`‡q .......|Ó

cÖvK…wZK wbe©vPb we‡ePbv K‡i †h, †h mg¯— Rxe AwaKZi kw³kvjx I ‡h¸‡jv Zv‡`i Avevm

f~wgi ¯vfvweK Ae¯vq AwaKZi Dc‡hvMx ev †hvM¨Zi e‡j we‡ewPZ nq - ZvivB Rxeb msMÖv‡g

wU‡K _vK‡e| D`vniY¯^iƒc, †Kvb GK nwi‡Yi cvj hLb Ab¨ †Kvb wnsmª Rš‧i Ke‡j cwZZ nq,

ZLb †h nwiY¸‡jv AwaKZi `ªyZ †e‡M †`․‡o †h‡Z cv‡i ZvivB †Kej wU‡K _vK‡e | Aek¨

cÖkœvZxZfv‡eB, GB c×wZ †Kvb nwi‡Yi gv‡S weeZ©b NUvq bv Avi G‡K weKwkZ K‡i Ab¨ †Kvb

cÖRvwZ, †hgb, †Nvovq iƒcvš—wiZ K‡i bv |

AZGe weeZ©b NUv‡bvi †Kvb ¶gZvB cÖvK…wZK wbe©vP‡bi †bB | WviDBb wb‡RI G mZ¨wU

AeMZ wQ‡jb Avi Zv‡K Zvi cÖRvwZi Drm bvgK eBwU†Z wbgœ wjwLZ Dw³Lvwb Ki‡Z n‡qwQj t

ÒcÖwZwU †¶‡Î AbyK~j •elg¨ wKsev •ewPΨ bv NUv ch©š— cÖvK…wZK wbe©vPb wKQzB Ki‡Z cv‡i bv

|Ó 30

j¨vgv‡K©i cÖfve

Zvn‡j wKfv‡e GB ÒAbKj cwieZ©b¸‡jvÓ NU‡e ? WviDBb Zvi hy‡Mi weÁv‡bi Avw` aviYvi

`„wó‡KvY †_‡K G cÖ‡kœi DËi cÖ`v‡bi †Póv K‡ib | WviDB‡bi c~e© hy‡M we`¨gvb d«v‡Ýi

RxeweÁvbx j¨vgv‡K©i gZvbymv‡i, Rxe Zv‡`i RxeÏkvq Zv‡`i AwR©Z •ewk󨸇jv Zv‡`i cieZ©x

cÖR‡b¥ †cÖiY K‡iwQj Avi †m¸‡jv cÖRb¥ n‡Z cÖRb¥vš—‡i GKÎxf~Z n‡q b~Zb cÖRvwZi cÖvYxi D™¢e

NwU‡qwQj | ‡hgb, j¨vgv‡K©i g‡Z, wRivd¸‡jv GK ai‡Yi K„&òKvq nwiY †_‡K weKwkZ

n‡qwQj | hLb nwiY¸‡jv DuPy e„‡¶i cvZv LvIqvi AvcÖvY †Póv KiZ, ZLb Zv‡`i Nvo GKUz

GKUz K‡i cÖmvwiZ n‡q GK cÖRb¥ n‡Z Ab¨ cÖR‡b¥ j¤v n‡q‡Q |

WviDBb wb‡RI GKB ai‡Yi D`vniY w`‡q‡Qb ; `„óvš— iƒc wZwb Zvi cÖRvwZi Drm eBwU‡Z

e‡j‡Qb ‡h Lvev‡ii †Lvu‡R cvwb‡Z bvg‡Z wM‡q wKQz fvjyK Kv‡ji cwiµgvq wb‡RivB wZwg‡Z

iƒcvš—wiZ n‡qwQj |31

hvB †nvK, wesk kZvãx‡Z g¨v‡Ûj DËivaxKvi m~Îvejx Avwe®‥vi Ki‡jb Avi eskvbyMwZ

m¤Üxq weÁvb KZ…©K †m m~θ‡jvi h_v_©Zv hvPvB Kiv n‡jv | eskvbyMwZi ev DËivaxKvi m~θ‡jv

‡m mg‡q Av‡jvob m„wó K‡i Avi AwR©Z •ewk󨸇jv cieZ©x cÖR‡b¥ †cÖwiZ nq - G ai‡Yi

DcvL¨vbwU bvKP K‡i †`q| Gfv‡eB cÖvK…wZK wbe©vPb, weeZ©b cÖwµqv wn‡m‡e mg_©b †c‡Z m¤ú~Y©

e¨_© nq |

be¨-WviDBbev` Ges wgD‡Ukb

WviDBb f³iv 1930 mv‡ji †kl w`‡K GKwU mgvav‡b †c․uQvi j‡¶¨ ÓAvaywbK ms‡k­lb

w_IixÓ wKsev Av‡iv mvaviYfv‡e †hwU be¨-WviDBbev` bv‡g cwiwPZ, †mwU‡†K GwM‡q wb‡q hvb|

be¨-WviDBbev‡` wgD‡Ukb cÖwµqvwU †hvM Kiv nq ; Avi wgD‡Ukb n‡jv - evwn¨K wKQz KviY

†hgb, wewKi‡Yi (radiation) wKsev ms‡hvRb åvwš—i (replication error) Kvi‡Y Rxe‡`‡ni

Rx‡b msNwUZ weK…wZ ; Dc‡iv³ d¨v±i¸‡jvi Rb¨ cÖvK…wZK wgD‡Uk‡bi m‡½ ÓAbyKj cwieZ©†bi

KviYÓ wn‡m‡e Rx‡b G weK…wZ N‡U _v‡K |

eZ©gv‡b GB c„w_ex‡Z weeZ©‡bi g‡Wj wn‡m‡e Avgiv †hwU‡K †`L‡Z cvB ZvB n‡jv be¨-

WviDBbev` | w_IwiwU GUvB e‡j hv‡Q †h, c„w_ex‡Z wgwjqb wgwjqb Rxe G‡m‡Q GKwU cÖwµqvi

gva¨‡g, hÏviv Rxe¸‡jvi RwUj A½vw` †hgb: Kvb, †PvL, dzmdzm Avi cvLvmg~‡n ÓwgD‡UkbÓ

wKsev wRbMZ wek„sLjv msNwUZ nq | Z_vwc GKwU wbR©jv •eÁvwbK Z_¨ i‡q‡Q hv G w_IwiwU‡K

m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c eR©b K‡i t

wgD‡Ukb KL‡bv Rxe‡`‡ni weKvk ev Dbœqb NUvq bv eis Zvi ¶wZmvab K‡i |

Gi KviYwU AZ¨š— mvaviY t wW.Gb.G. Gi i‡q‡Q GKwU AwZ RwUj MVb Avi G‡jvcvZvwo †h

‡Kvb cwieZ©b G KvVv‡gvwUi ¶wZ mvab K‡i | Av‡gwiKvi wRbZË¡we` we.wR. iv½vbv_vb welqwU

Gfv‡e e¨vL¨v K‡ib t

wgD‡Ukb n‡jv ¶z`ª, G‡jvcvZvwo Avi ¶wZKi cªwµqv| G¸‡jv K`vwPr N‡U Avi NU‡jI fvj

j¶Y †h, Giv Kvh©Kix n‡e bv| wgD‡Uk‡bi 4wU •ewkó¨ GUvB m~wPZ K‡i †h, cÖwµqvwU

KL‡bv weeZ©bRwbZ weKvk NUvq bv| AZ¨š— RwUj Rxe†`‡n G‡jvcvZvwo cwieZ©b¸‡jv nq

e¨_© b‡Pr ¶wZKi e‡j cwijw¶Z nq| GKwU Nwo‡Z G‡jvcvZvwo cwieZ©b G‡K †Kvb DbœZi

Nwo‡Z iƒcvš—wiZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Lye m¤¢eZ G†Z NwowUi ¶wZ n‡e A_ev eo‡Rvi Zv e¨_©

n‡e| f~wgK¤ú KLbI bMixi mg„w× NUvq bv eis Gi aŸsmB †W‡K Av‡b|32

GUv †Kvb Avð‡h©i K_v bq †h, wgD‡Uk†bi †Kvb D`vniYB Kvh©Kix nq bv, Zvi gv‡b,

wgD‡Ukb cÖwµqv Rx‡bi Mv‡q we`¨gvb ms‡KZwjwci †Kvb cÖKvi Dbœqb NUvq - Ggb †Kvb `„óvš—

cwijw¶Z nq bv| me ai‡Yi wgD‡UkbB ¶wZKi e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| wgD‡Ukb¸‡jv - hv‡`i

weeZ©b cÖwµqv e‡j Dc vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zviv cÖK…Zc‡¶ Rxe‡`‡n Rx‡bi KZK¸‡jv msNUbgvÎ,

†h¸‡jv eis †`‡ni ¶wZi KviY n‡q `vovq e‡jB †`Lv wM‡q‡Q| Avi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv Rxe¸‡jv‡K

APj I c½y K‡i †`q| (gvbe †`‡n wgD‡Uk‡bi ¶wZKi cÖfv‡ei me‡P‡q mvaviY D`vniY Ñ

K¨vÝvi ) G‡Z †Kvb m‡›`n †bB †h, †Kvb aŸsmvZ¥K cÖwµqv KL‡bv †Kvb ÓµgweKvk c×wZÓ n‡Z

cv‡i bv| Ab¨w`‡K cÖvK…wZK wbe©vPbI Ówb‡R wb‡R wKQz Ki‡Z cv‡i bv ÓÑ hv WviDBb wb‡RI

†g‡b wb‡q‡Qb| GB Z_¨¸‡jv Avgv‡`i †`wL‡q w`‡Q †h cÖK…wZ‡Z †Kvb ÓweeZ©b cÖwµqvÓ we`¨gvb

†bB| †h‡nZz ÓweeZ©‡bi †Kvb c×wZiBÓ Aw¯—Z¡ †bB †m‡nZz weeZ©b bv‡gi KvíwbK †Kvb cÖwµqvI

msNwUZ nqwb|

dwmj ev Rxevk¥ †iKW©t ga¨eZ©x †Kvb AvK…wZi Aw¯—Z¡ †bB

weeZ©b gZev` KZ…©K cÖ¯—vweZ ‡Kvb `„k¨Kí msNwUZ nqwb Ñ G mZ¨wUi me‡P‡q cwi®‥vi mv¶¨

enb Ki‡Q Ódwmj †iKW©Ó|

weeZ©b gZev` Abymv‡i cÖwZwU Rxe Zvi c~e©myix †_‡K Rb¥ wb‡q‡Q| c~‡e© we`¨gvb †Kvb cÖRvwZ

mg‡qi avivevwnKZvq Ab¨ †Kvb cÖRvwZ‡Z iƒcvš—wiZ n‡q‡Q Avi Gfv‡e evKx cÖRvwZ¸‡jvI

Aw —‡Z¡ G‡m‡Q| G gZev` Abymv‡i, GB iƒcvš—i cÖwµqv wgwjqb wgwjqb eQi a‡i axi MwZ‡Z

m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q|

GB hw` e¨vcvi n‡Zv ZLb Aek¨B AmsL¨ ga¨eZ©x cÖRvwZi Aw¯—Z¡ _vKZ Avi Giv `xN©

cwieZ©b Kvj Ry‡o eZ©gvb _vK‡Zv |

D`vniY¯iƒc, AZx‡Z wKQz Aa©gvQ / Aa©mixm„c Gi Aw¯—Z¡ we`¨gvb _vKZ - Zv‡`i c~e© †_‡K

we`¨gvb gv‡Qi •ewk‡ói m‡½ mixm„‡ci wKQz •ewkó¨ †hvM n‡Zv| wKsev KZK mixm„c- cvwL RvZxq

cÖvYx _vK‡Zv hv‡`i c~‡e© i‡q hvIqv mixm„‡ci •ewk‡ói ms‡M cvwLi •ewkó¨ †hvM n‡Zv| †h‡nZz

Giv GKiƒc n‡Z Ab¨ iƒ‡c DËi‡Yi mgq Rb¥ wbZ †m‡nZz Zv‡`i A¶g, ÎwUc~Y©, c½y Rxe

wn‡m‡eB we`¨gvb _vKvi K_v | weeZ©bev`xiv Ggb me KvíwbK Rx‡ei K_v e‡j _v‡Kb hv

AZx‡Z Zv‡`i iƒc cwieZ©bKvjxb mg†q Ó y‡qi ga¨eZ©x AvKv‡iÓ (intermediate forms)

we`¨gvb wQj e‡j Zv‡`i wek¦vm |

mwZ¨B hw` G ai†Yi cÖvYxi Aw¯—Z¡ _vKZ, Zviv msL¨v I •ewP‡Î¨ n‡Zv wgwjqb †_‡K wewjqb

Aewa| Av‡iv ¸iZ¡c~Y© †h, A™¢yZ GB cÖvYx¸‡jvi †`nve‡kl dwmj ‡iK‡W© we`¨gvb _vKvi K_v|

cÖRvwZi DrcwË eBwU‡Z WviDBb e‡j‡Qb t

Avgvi w_IixwU hw` mwZ¨ n‡q _v‡K Z‡e GKB MÖ‡ci mg¯— cÖRvwZi gv‡S Nwbô ms‡hvM

¯vcbKvix ga¨eZ©x MV‡bi G ai‡Yi cÖvYxi msL¨v wbwðZ fv‡eB n‡e AmsL¨ ....... |

dj¯iƒc Zv‡`i AZx‡Z we`¨gvb _vKvi cÖgvY †KejgvÎ Zv‡`i dwmjmg~‡n ‡_‡K cvIqv

†h‡Z cv‡i |33

WviDB‡bi ¯cœ f½ n‡jv

hw`I weeZ©bev`xiv Ewbk kZ‡Ki ga¨fvM †_‡K ïi K‡i mgMÖ wek¦ Ry‡o dwmj Lyu‡R cvIqvi

Rb¨ AvcÖvY ‡Póv Pvwj‡q hv‡Qb, Z_vwc GLbI ch©š— †Kv_vI †Kvb Aš—e©Z©xKvjxb MV‡bi cÖvYx

Ly‡uR cvIqv hvqwb| gvwU Lyu‡o Zz‡j Avbv mg¯— dwmj¸‡jv weeZ©bev`x‡`i cÖZ¨vkvi wecixZ Z_¨

cÖ`k©b K‡i GUvB cÖgvY Ki‡Q †h, c„w_ex‡Z cÖvY G‡m‡Q AvKw¯§Kfv‡e Avi cwic~Y© AvKvi wb‡q|

cÖL¨vZ weªwUk Rxevk¥we`, wW‡iK wf. GMvi wb‡R GKRb weeZ©bev`x n‡qI wZwb G mZ¨wU †g‡b

wb‡q‡Qb Gfv‡e t

†h Z_¨wU †ei n‡q Av‡m Zvn‡jv †h, dwmj¸‡jv eM© ev cÖRvwZ Ñ G y‡qi †h †Kvb ch©v‡qB

_vKzKbv †Kb, †h‡Kvb GKwU ¯—‡i Avgiv hw` G‡`i cyLvbycyLfv‡e cix¶v K‡i †`wL, Zvn‡j

evisevi Avgiv Lyu‡R cvB Ñ †Kvb µgvšq weeZ©b bq, eis GK MÖ‡ci cwie‡Z© Ab¨ Av‡iKwU

MÖ‡ci †hb AvKw¯§K ewntcÖKvk N‡U‡Q |34

dwmj †iKW© †_‡K GUvB eySv hv‡Q †h, mg¯— Rxe cÖRvwZB ‡Kvb yBwU cÖRvwZi Aš—

e©Zx©Kvjxb †Kvb MVb wb‡q bq eis c~Y©v½ iƒc wb‡q Avwef~©Z n‡q‡Q| GwU WviDB‡bi Abygv‡bi

wVK D‡ëv| GwU G welqwUiI GKwU AZ¨š— R¡jš— cÖgvY †h, mg¯— Rxe‡K m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q| mg¯—

Rxe †h c~e©eZ©x †Kvb cÖRb¥ n‡Z weKwkZ n‡q bq eis AvKw¯§Kfv‡e Ges m¤ú~Y© ALÛ iƒ‡c

Avwef~©Z n‡q‡Q Ñ Zvi GKgvÎ e¨vL¨v GwUB n‡Z cv‡i †h Zv‡K m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q | mycwiwPZ

weeZ©bev`x I Rxewe` WMjvm dzZzBgv I G mZ¨wU ¯xKvi K‡i wb‡q‡Qb :

m„wó Avi weeZ©b Ñ G `y‡qi gv‡S cªv‡Yi DrcwËi e¨vL¨v¸‡jv dzwi‡q hvq| cÖvYxmg~n c„w_ex‡Z

G‡m‡Q nq c~Y©v½iƒ‡c b‡Pr Av‡mwb| hw` Zviv c~Y©v½iƒ‡c bv Av‡m Z‡e Zviv Aek¨B c~‡e©

we`¨gvb †Kvb cÖRvwZ n‡Z weeZ©b cÖwµqvq D™¢~Z n‡q‡Q | hw` Zviv c~Y©v½ iƒ‡cB G‡m _v‡K

Z‡e ev¯—weKfv‡e Aek¨B Zviv †Kvb me©gw³gvb gnv‡K․kjx KZ…©K m„ó n‡q†Q|35

dwmj¸‡jv ‡_‡K GUvB cÖZxqgvb nq †h, f~-c„‡ô cÖvYmË¡vi Avwef©ve N‡U‡Q wbLuyZ I

c~Y©v½iƒ‡c| Zv‡Z eySv hv‡Q †h, ÓcÖRvwZi DrcwËÓ n‡q‡Q m„wó †K․k‡ji ga¨ w`‡q, weeZ©‡bi

gva¨‡g bq ; Avi GUv WviDB‡bi Abygv‡bi wVK wecixZ |

gvbe-weeZ©‡bi Kvwnbx

gvbeRvwZi Drm Ñ GwUB weeZ©bev` f³‡`i me©vwaK DÌvwcZ Av‡jvPbvi welq| WviDB‡bi

mg_©KMY GB e‡j `vex K‡ib †h, GLbKvi gvbeRvwZ wKQz Mwijv ev wk¤úvÄx RvZxq cÖvYx †_‡K

weKwkZ n‡q‡Q| Kw_Z GB weeZ©b cÖwµqv 4-5 wgwjqb eQi c~‡e© ïi n‡qwQj e‡j `vex Kiv nq

; Av‡iv `vex Kiv nq †h, weeZ©b cÖwµqvi mgq GLbKvi gvbeRvwZ Zvi I Zvi c~e©cyil‡`i

gvSvgvwS †Kvb ÓAš—e©Z©xKvjxb iƒ‡cÓ we`¨gvb wQj| m¤ú~Y© KvíwbK GB iƒc‡iLv †_‡K PviwU

†g․wjK †kªYxi GKwU ZvwjKv •Zix Kiv hvq t

1 | A‡óª‡jvwc‡_Kvm

2 | †nv‡gv †nwewjm

3 | †nv‡gv B‡iKUvm

4 | †nv‡gv †mwc‡qbm

weeZ©bev`xMY Z_vKw_Z gvbeRvwZi c~e©cyi‡li bvg †i‡L‡Qb ÓA‡óª‡jv wc‡_KvmÓ A_©vr

Ó`w¶b Avwd«Kvb evbiÓ| cÖK…Zc‡¶, GB Rxe¸‡jv wejyß n‡q hvIqv evbi •e wKQz bq| Bsj¨vÛ I

Av‡gwiKv †_‡K yRb RMr weL¨vZ GbvUwgó, jW© mjx hyKvig¨vb Ges Aa¨vcK Pvj©m A·bvW©

wewfbœ A‡óª‡jvwc‡_Kv‡mi bgybvi Dci M‡elYv Pvwj‡q †`wL‡q‡Qb †h, G¸‡jv mvaviY GKcÖKvi

Mwijv †kªYxi ; Giv wejyß n‡q wM‡q‡Q Avi gvbeRvwZi mv‡_ G‡`i †Kvb mv „k¨ Ly‡uR cvIqv hvq

wb|36

weeZ©bev`xiv gvbe weeZ©‡bi cieZ©x ch©vq‡K Ò†nv‡gvÓ ev ÒgvbylÓ bv‡g †kªYxKiY K‡i‡Qb|

Zv‡`i `vex Abymv‡i †nv‡gv †kªYxi Rxe¸‡jv A‡óª‡jvwc‡_Kv‡mi †P‡q DbœZi chv©‡qi|

weeZ©bev`xiv GB cÖvYx¸‡jvi wewfbœ ai‡Yi Rxevk¥ wb‡q G‡`i wbw`©ó web¨v‡m mvwR‡q GK AjxK

weeZ©b web¨vm ev cwiKíbv ‣Zix K‡i‡Qb| GB wewfbœ †kªYx¸‡jvi gv‡S weeZ©b cÖwµqv m¤úbœ

n‡q†Q ev G‡`i gv‡S weeZ©‡bi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q Ggb †Kvb cÖgvY KL‡bv `vo Kiv‡bv hvqwb ; ZvB

GB cwiKíbv m¤ú~Y© KvíwbK| wesk kZvãx†Z weeZ©b gZev‡`i GKRb AMÖeZ©x mg_©K Avb©÷

gvqvi Zvi `xN© weZK© bvgK eBwU†Z wj‡L‡Qb †h, Ò†nv‡gv †mwc‡qbm ch©š— AMÖmi †PBbwU nVvr

nvwi‡q †M‡Q|Ó 37

weeZ©bev`xMY wewfbœ& cÖRvwZi gv‡S †hvMm~Î ¯vcbKvix GB †PBbwUi iƒc‡iLv †U‡b‡Qb Gfv‡et

A‡óª‡jvwc‡_Kvm > †nv‡gv †nwewjm > †nv‡gv B‡iKUvm > †nv‡gv †mwc‡qbm| G †PBbwU †_‡K

weeZ©bev`xMY †`Lv‡Z Pvb †h,GB cÖRvwZ¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨‡K G‡K Ac‡ii Avw` cyil| Aek¨

weeZ©bev`x‡`i mv¤cÖwZK Kv‡ji cÖvß Z_¨ n‡Z GUv c ªKvwkZ n‡q‡Q †h, A‡óª‡jvwc‡_Kvm, †nv‡gv

†nwewjm Avi †nv‡gv B‡iKUvm c„w_exi wewfbœ ¯v‡b GKB mg‡q we`¨gvb wQj | 38

Z`ycwi, †nv‡gv B‡iKUvm bv‡g †kªYxK…Z gvby‡li GKwU wbw`©ó Ask GLbI AvaywbK Kvj ch©š—

emevm K‡i Avm‡Q| †nv‡gv †mwc‡qbm wbb`vi‡_‡jbwmm I †nv‡gv †mwc‡qbm (AvaywbK gvbyl)

GKB m‡½ GKB A‡j emevm KiwQj |39

G Ae¯v my¯úófv‡eB, cÖRvwZ¸‡jvi GKRb Av‡iKR‡bi DËim~ix - G `vexwU `~e©j K‡i ‡`q|

nvf©vW© BDwbfvwm©wUi Rxevk¥we`, óx‡db †R ¸ì, wb‡R GKRb weeZ©bev`x n‡qI weeZ©b w_Iixi

GB APjve vi e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb t

Avgv‡`i GwM‡q hvIqvi avc wK n‡Z cv‡i hw` wZbwU †nvwgwbW eskvbyµg (G.Avwd«K¨vbvm,

wekvj A‡óª‡jvwc‡_wmbm, Avi GBP. †nwewjm) GKB m‡½ eZ©gvb _v‡K Avi ¯úófv‡e †KDB

GKRb Av‡iKRb †_‡K Rb¥ †bqwb ? AwaKš‧, c„w_ex‡Z _vKvKvjxb Ae vq GB wZbwU

†nvwgwb‡Wi †KDB weeZ©‡bi †Kvb cÖeYZvB †`Lvqwb |40

ms‡¶‡c ej‡j, gvbe weeZ©‡bi MíwU Pvjy ivL‡Z ÓA‡a©K evbi, A‡a©K gvbylÓ GgbZi cÖvYxi

wewfbœ Qwe Gu‡K Zv cÖPvi gva¨g I †Kvm© eB‡Z nvwhi Kiv nq ; †LvjvLywj ej‡Z †M‡j G¸‡jv

wbQKB cÖPviYvi gva¨‡g Kiv nq Ñ hv ‣eÁvwbK wfwËwenxb GKwU Mí Qvov Avi wKQzB b‡n |

Bsj¨v‡Ûi me‡P‡q cÖL¨vZ I kª‡×q weÁvbx‡`i gv‡S Ab¨Zg GKRb jW© mjx hyKvig¨vb GB

welqwUi Dci eQ‡ii ci eQi M‡elbv Pvwj‡q‡Qb, we‡kl K‡i A‡óª‡jvwc‡_Kv‡mi Dci 15 eQi

a‡i KvR Kivi ci wb‡R GKRb weeZ©bev`x n‡qI GB wm×v‡š— DcbxZ n‡q‡Qb †h, ÓmwZ¨ ej‡Z

wK, evbi m`„k cÖvYx †_‡K gvbyl ch©š— we —…Z †Kvb esk ZvwjKvi Aw¯—Z¡ †bB |Ó

hyKvig¨vb GKwU AvKl©Yxq ÒweÁv‡bi cwimiIÓ •Zix K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvi g‡Z hv me‡P‡q

•eÁvwbK Zv †_‡K ïi K‡i hv me‡P‡q A‣eÁvwbK †m ch©š— we —…Z GB cwimiwU wZwb MVb

K‡ib| GB cwim‡ii cÖ_g mvwi‡Z _v‡K me‡P‡q •eÁwvbK welq¸‡jv A_v©r imvqb I c`v_©

weÁvb - †h¸‡jv wK-bv weÁv‡bi mywbw`©ó WvUv wd‡ìi Dci cÖwZwôZ| G¸‡jvi ci Av‡m Rxe

m¤úwK©Z weÁvb Ges Zvici mgvR weÁvb| GB cwim‡ii GK`g †k‡li w`‡K Av‡m me‡P‡q

A‣eÁvwbK e‡j aviYv Kiv nq †h Ask¸‡jv‡K, †h¸‡jv n‡jv: ÒAwZwi³ Bw› ªq DcjwäÓчhgb

†Uwjc¨vw_ I lô Bw› ªq Ges cwi‡k‡l Av‡m Ògvbe weeZ©bÓ | hyKvig¨vb Zvi hyw³i e¨vL¨v

w`‡q‡Qb Gfv‡e t

Avgiv ZLb wVK e ‧wbô m‡Z¨i ZvwjKv †_‡K AwZwi³ Bw›`ªq Dcjwä wKsev gvby‡li dwm‡ji

BwZnv‡mi e¨vL¨vi g‡Zv Abygvb wbf©i Rxe weÁv‡bi welqMy‡jvi w`‡K m‡i hvB, †hLv‡b GKRb

wek¦vmx [weeZ©bev`x] †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q mewKQzB m¤¢e e‡j we‡ewPZ nq Ñ Avi †hLv‡b [weeZ©‡b] AwZ

f³iv KL‡bv KL‡bv GKB mg‡q ci¯úi we‡ivax wewfbœ e¨vcviI wek¦vm Ki‡Z m¶g nq | 41

gvbeRvwZi weeZ©‡bi Mí ¸wUK‡qK AÜ weeZ©bev` f³ e¨w³ KZ…©K gvwU Lyu‡o Zz‡j Avbv

dwm‡ji c¶cvZ yó e¨vL¨vB w`‡q‡Q ïay, †Kvb mdjZv Lyu‡R cvqwb |

P¶z I K‡Y©i †UK‡bvjRx

‡PvL I Kv‡bi AmvaviY Dcjwä ¶gZv n‡jv Av‡iKwU welq Ñ hv m¤ú‡©K weeZ©b w_Iix

wbiËi †_‡K hvq |

gvbe weeZ©b‡K mg_©b Kivi Rb¨ †Kvb dwmj †bB| D‡ëv dwmj †iKW© cÖ`k©b Ki‡Q †h,

evbi I gvby‡li gv‡S GKwU `y¯—i evav i‡q‡Q| GB mZ¨wUi m¤§yLxb n‡q weeZ©bev`xiv

wbw`©ó wKQz wPÎ Avi g‡W‡ji Dci Zv‡`i Avkv iv‡Lb| dwm‡ji Dci Zviv gyLveiY cwi‡q

†`b G‡jvcvZvwifv‡e| Avi Aa©-evbi Avi Aa©-gvby‡li gyLveqe †Rvov jvMvb|

P¶z m¤úwK©Z wel‡q hvIqvi Av‡M Pjyb, ÓAvgiv wK cÖwµqvq †`L†Z cvwi ?Ó Ñ GB cÖkœwUi

GKwU msw¶ß DËi cÖ`vb Kwi| †Kvb GKwU e ‧ n‡Z AvMZ Av‡jvK iwk¥ †Pv‡Li †iwUbvi (Aw¶

†Mvj‡Ki me© wcQ‡bi ¯—i) Dci wM‡q wVK D‡ëvfv‡e cwZZ nq| GLv‡b cwZZ Av‡jvK iwk¥¸‡jv

wKQz †Kv‡li gva¨‡g •e y¨wZK wmMb¨v‡j iƒcvš—wiZ nq Ges c‡i Zviv Ó „wói †K›`ªÓ bv‡g gw¯—‡®‥i

cðvrw`‡Ki GKwU †QvU GjvKvq wM‡q †c․‡uQ| gw¯—‡®‥i †K‡› ª GB B‡jKwUªK wmMb¨vj ¸‡jv

wewfbœ avivevwnK cwieZ©‡bi ci GKwU B‡gR ev cÖwZwe¤ wn‡m‡e M„nxZ nq| Pjyb, GB †UKwbK¨vj

cUf~wg m¤ú‡K© Avgiv wKQz wPš—v fvebv K‡i †`wL|

gw —®‥ Av‡jv †_‡K m¤ú~Y© iƒ‡c msiw¶Z Ae vq i‡q‡Q| Zvi gv‡b n‡jv †h, gw¯—‡®‥i wfZi

fvMUv Nb AÜKvi Avi †h RvqMvwU‡Z gw¯—®‥ _v‡K †mLv‡b Av‡jvK †c․u‡Q bv| Ó`k©‡bi †K› ªÓ

bvgK ¯vbwU GKwU Nb AÜKvi RvqMv †hLv‡b KL‡bv Av‡jv †c․u‡Q bv ; GgbwK GwU Avcbvi Rvbv

mg — RvqMv mg~‡ni gv‡S me‡P‡q AÜKvi RvqMvI n‡Z cv‡i| hvB †nvK, Avcwb GB Nb Kv‡jv

AÜKv‡ii gv‡SB GKwU D¾¡j Av‡jvwKZ RMr †`L‡Z cvb|

†Pv‡L •Zix B‡gR GZ Zx² I cwi®‥vi †h GgbwK wesk kZvãxi †UK‡bvjwRI Zv AR©b Ki‡Z

m¶g n‡Z cv‡iwb| „óvš— ¯iƒc, Avcwb Avcbvi eBwUi w`‡K ZvKvb, †h nvZ¸‡jv w`‡q eBwU a‡i

Av‡Qb †m¸‡jvi w`‡KI ZvKvb, Zvici Avcbvi gv_v DwV‡q Avcbvi Pvi cv‡k j¶¨ Kib|

Avcwb wK KL‡bv Ab¨ †Kv_vI GwUi g‡Zv Ggb Zx² I ¯Q¡ B‡gR †`‡L‡Qb ? GgbwK c„w_exi

†kªô †Uwjwfkb wbg©vZv†`i •Zix me‡P‡q cÖvMÖmi †Uwjwfkb c`©vI Avcbvi Rb¨ GgbZi Zx²

B‡gR •Zix Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GwU n‡jv wÎ-gvwÎK, iw½b Avi AZ¨š— ¯úó B‡gR| GKk eQ‡iiI

†ekx mgq a‡i GgbZi ¯Q¡Zv AR©b Kivi †Póv K†i hv‡Qb nvRvi nvRvi BwÄwbqi| KviLvbv,

eo eo RvqMv cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q, A‡bK M‡elbv Kiv n‡q‡Q, GB D‡Ï‡k¨ eû cwiKíbv I wWRvBb

Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avevi wU.wf. c ©v Ges Avcbvi nv‡Z aiv eBwUi w`‡K ZvKvb| Zx²Zv I ¯Q¡Zvi

†¶‡Î Avcwb weivU GK cv_©K¨ Lyu‡R cv‡eb| AwaKš‧, ‡Uwjwfkb c ©v Avcbv‡K wØ-gvwÎK Qwe

cÖ`k©b K‡i, †hLv‡b Avcbvi †PvL w`‡q MfxiZvmn GKwU wÎ-gvwÎK Qwe Avcwb †`L‡Z cvb|

eû eQi a‡i nvRvi nvRvi BwÄwbqvi GKwU wÎ-gvwÎK †Uwjwfkb •Zixi Avi †Pv‡Li mgvb

`k©b ¸Y AR©‡bi †Póv Pvjv‡Qb| n¨vu, Zviv wÎgvwÎK GKwU †Uwjwfkb wm‡÷g Avwe®‥vi K‡i†Qb

e‡U ; Z‡e Zv GKwU K…wÎg wÎ-gvÎv gvÎ| cðvrcUwU AwaKZi †Nvjv‡U, cy‡ivf~wgwU GKwU ‡ccvi

†mwUs Gi g‡Zv †`Lv hvq| †Pv‡Li b¨vq ¯Q¡ Avi cwi®‥vi Qwe •Zix Kiv KL‡bv m¤¢e n‡q D‡Vwb|

K¨v‡giv I ‡Uwjwfkb Dfq †¶‡ÎB B‡gR †KvqvwjwU n«vm †c‡q‡Q|

†h c×wZwU GB ¯Q¡ I cwi®‥vi Qwe •Zix K‡i Zv nVvr K‡iB MwVZ n‡q‡Q e‡j weeZ©bev`xMY

`vex K‡ib| GLb †KD hw` ‡KD Avcbv‡K e‡jb †h Avcbvi K‡¶i ‡UwjwfkbwU AvKw¯§K

m¤¢vebvi GKwU djvdj, Gi mg¯ — cigvYy¸‡jv nVvr K‡iB GK m‡½ Avm‡Z jvMj Avi B‡gR

•Zix Kivi GB hš¿wU •Zix Kij, Avcwb wK fve‡eb ? nvRv‡iv †jvK hv cv‡i bv, Zv wKfv‡e

cigvYy¸‡jv m¤cbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i ?

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