WHAT ARE MAJOR INDUSTRIES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO INDUSTRIAL

POLLUTION? ANALYZE THE CAUSE

Industrial pollution is any type of waste that is put into the environment from industries. Industrial pollution is thought to be the main cause of warning in the Arctic region.

Industrial Pollution

Types of Industry pollution

• Air • Noise pollution• Water pollution

Major Industries contributing in Pollution

• Cement, steel industries• Textile manufacturing and processing

industries• Paper industries• Power industries

Cement and Steel Industry

• The second largest cement producer in the world after China .

• Dominated by 20 companies, which account for almost 70% of the total cement production in India.

• In Pollution Category, the Indian Cement Industry is under the “Red" Category which represents highly polluting industries.

Air pollution

• Dust emissions– Particulate release– dust is of a mineral nature with similar constituents to

cement – silica, alumina, iron and calcium compounds• NOx emissions

– (NOx) are generated from fuel combustion at high temperatures

– (NOx) are generated from fuel combustion at high temperatures

– type of fuel and flame temperature used in clinker production will affect the quantity of NOx emissions.

Noise pollution

• Noise upto 100 DB due to use of heavy rollers• Heavy blasting in quarry

Impact• Dioxins also affect the immune system, fertility, and the unborn

child.

• Particulates are extremely small particles that enter the lungs directly, as they are too small to be filtered out.

• Heavy metals-Fish are particularly susceptible to accumulating high amounts of these toxins in their tissues, which can then accumulate in the tissues of the birds and mammals who eat them. And ultimately, in humans who eat the contaminated fish and animals.

• 50% to 100% increase in coughing, phlegm, sore throats, and eye irritation in people near the incinerators.

Ways to reduce emissions

• Usage of particulate filters• Better energy efficient technology• Cleaner technology ..

Textile Industry• The textile industry is a significant contributor to many national

economies

• backbone of fashion garment, is large variation in demand of type, pattern and colour combination of fabric resulting into significant fluctuation in waste generation volume and load

• Textile processing generates many waste streams, including liquid, gaseous and solid wastes, some of which may be hazardous.

• Textile industry is characterized by activities such as energy production, dying, sizing, bleaching, printing , chemical storage, etc…

Solid waste pollution

• residual wastes generated from the textile industry are non-hazardous

Impact on environment• The pesticides that farmers use to protect textiles as they grow can harm wildlife, contaminate

other products and get into the food we eat.

• The chemicals that are used to bleach and colour textiles can damage the environment and peoples health.

• Old clothes that we throw away take up precious space in landfill sites, which is filling up rapidly.

• Most of the textile machineries cause noise, sound and air pollution.

• Over-usage of natural resources like plants, water, etc depletes or disturbs ecological balance.

• The working conditions in the textile and clothing industry are of sub- standard.

• Exploitation of animals often goes hand in hand with intensive farming practices that damage the environment as a whole.

Paper industry

Causes and effects: • Water Pollution :The waste water is occupied with various toxic chemicals. These hazardous chemicals cause irreparable damage to the aquatic flora

and fauna. It causes Biological Accumulation.

• Air Pollution • Some of the air pollutants released by the paper industry include carbon

dioxide, nitrous oxides, sulfur dioxides, carbon monoxide, ammonia, VOCs and particulate matter like ash and dust.

• These pollutants contribute to the growing environmental concerns such as Ozone Depletion, Acid Rains, and Global Warming.

Contd…• Solid Waste Pollution :Solid waste produced by paper and pulp industries

is disposed in a landfill.• significant risk of trace contaminants accumulating in the soil or running

off into the nearby lakes and rivers or even contaminating the ground water table.

• Deforestation --- Trees may be renewable, but ancient forest plant are often not renewable because of the complex ecological balance which was built over thousands, even millions, of years in some of these forests.

Remedial/ Preventions:

Main causes of industrial pollution

• Unregistered small scale units

• Lack of pollution controlled system– Proper operation and maintenance of effluents treatment plant is

critical– But industries do not give importance as it involve expenditure

• Lack of common treatment facility

• Lack of economically viable treatment technology

• Lack of awareness

Action plan• Pollution control board should take action to promote cleaner

technologies• Environment audit should be mandatory • Ambient air quality monitoring systems to be set up in areas where there

are cluster of highly air polluting industries• Monitoring stations into industrial area to help assessment of ground

water quality• Recycling industries placed close to existing• Tradable permit system

Conclusion :

The entire paper and pulp industry has to view this challenge as the entire industry’s responsibility and formulate appropriate plans to tackle pollution and make suitable use of the existing resources.

Power Industry• 54.09% or 93918.38 MW of

total electricity production in India is from Coal Based Thermal Power Station

• Thermal power plants convert energy rich fuel into electricity and heat.

• Possible fuels include coal, natural gas, petroleum products, agricultural waste and domestic trash / waste.

• TPS in Maharashtra are Bhusawal ,Chandrapur,Kaparkheda Koradi , Nashik , Paras , Parli

Thermal power station

Air Pollution

• Sulphur Dioxide, Oxides of Nitrogen ,SPM carbon dioxide, ozone, mercury vapour are emitted

Water pollution

• Water slurry is used to take the ash • The release of ash into the local

water bodies- water dries up, dust nuisance, increases turbidity, decreases primary productivity, affects fishes and other aquatic biota

Noise pollution

The exposure of employees to high noise levels is very high

Increased transportation activities due to the operation of the power plants lead to increase in noise levels in the adjacent localities.

Land pollution Large amount of land is used to

dispose flyash from the coal based plants

Due to this there is change in natural soil properties. It becomes more alkaline due to the alkaline nature of fly ash.

Soft bodied soil workers like earthworms will die out

Food will contain a wider cocktail of chemicals as farmers try to correct the poor productivity of crops

Impact

Remedies

• Reuse of water and flyash• Alternate form of energy

LAWS REGARDING INDUSTRIALPOLLUTION

The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986• environmental pollutant" • "handling• "hazardous substance

Air (prevention and control of pollution)Act,1981

In April 1994 the central pollution control Board (CPCB) cotified the national Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for major

pollutants.

HAZARDOUS WASTES (MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING) AMENDMENT RULES, 2003

These Rules classify used mineral oil as hazardous waste

1977 - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess

Act Provides for the levy and collection of cess or fees on water

consuming industries and local authorities.

1997 - The National Environment Appellate Authority ActTo hear appeals with respect to restrictions of areas in which

classes of industries.

1999 - The Environment (Siting for Industrial Projects) RulesRelating to areas to be avoided for siting of industries,

precautionary measures to be taken for site selecting

1982 - The Atomic Energy Act deals with the radioactive waste

1948 – The Factories Act and Amendment in 1987the first to express concern for the working environment of the

workers.its environmental focus and expanded its application to

hazardous processes.

Main causes of industrial pollution

• Unregistered small scale units

• Lack of pollution controlled system– Proper operation and maintenance of effluents treatment plant is

critical– But industries do not give importance as it involve expenditure

• Lack of common treatment facility

• Lack of economically viable treatment technology

• Lack of awareness

Action plan• Pollution control board should take action to promote cleaner

technologies• Environment audit should be mandatory • Ambient air quality monitoring systems to be set up in areas where there

are cluster of highly air polluting industries• Monitoring stations into industrial area to help assessment of ground

water quality• Recycling industries placed close to existing• Tradable permit system