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WHAT ASPECTS LED TOTHE TRAIL OF TEARS
Purple Group MechellePartin
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WELCOME TO THE NEW WORLD
The process of removing all American Indians fromtheir homelands to new areas in the west beganalmost as soon as European settlers made contact
with the tribes.
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FIGHTING FOR THEIR LAND
1634 the Cherokee
fought the English
settlers and claimeda large expanse of
land that includes
most of Kentucky,
Middle and East
Tennessee, northern Alabama, northern
Georgia, and parts of
Virginia, West
Virginia, NorthCarolina and South
Carolina.
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THOMAS JEFFERSON
Even Thomas
Jefferson, who often
cited the Great Law of
Peace of the IroquoisConfederacy as the
model for the U.S.
Constitution, supported
Indian Removal asearly as 1802.
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ASSIMILATION OF THE CHEROKEE PEOPLE
Cherokee modernized themselves more thanany other Indian nation.
They took European ideas of republicangovernment and blended it with their owntraditional tribal councils.
Cherokee built a capital and established a 32-member legislature.
They wrote a constitution and framed a judicialsystem.
They had their own newspaper and literacy rateamong their people was higher than thesurrounding American communities
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THE ASSIMILATION OF THE CHEROKEE
PEOPLE
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ANDREW JACKSON
1828 Andrew Jackson
was elected president
and initiated a bill to
remove all easternIndian tribes to land
west of the Mississippi
river.
Jackson was afraid of
sovereign Indian
nations within the
borders of the UnitedStates because he was
afraid they would unite
with other countries and
fight against the UnitedStates.
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GEORGIA
1828 Georgia legislature passed law prohibiting
Indians for testifying against whites in
court. The Cherokee realized this would take
away their legal rights, so they fought it all theway to the Supreme Court. They also asked
that the Court look into the legality of the
Removal Act since it had been passed. The
Court ruled in the Cherokee's favor.
1829 Gold was discovered on Cherokee land in
northern Georgia.
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THE ULTIMATUM
Nearly 180 years ago, President Andrew
Jackson handed a letter to a military officer
with a message for two American Indian tribes:
Leave Mississippi and Alabama, or else.
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INDIAN REMOVAL BILL BECAME LAW IN 1830
1830 Congress passed the IndianRemoval Act by one vote.... this allowed
the president to give the five civilized
tribes land in Indian Territory or what isnow Oklahoma in exchange for
Southeastern land that they now
owned. It was a carrot on a stick
trick...the land was the carrot and the
stick was that it could be reinforced by
military action.
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REACTION OF BOTH SIDES TO SUPREME COURT
RULING
Jackson's famous
words were "John
Marshall has made his
decision, Now let himenforce it." He went
against the Supreme
Court and forcibly
removed the Indians.
What sort of hope have
we from a president
with an inclination to
disregard laws andtreaties? We have
nothing to expect from
such a president."
—Elias Boudinote, the
Cherokee Nation
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SIGNING TREATY TO LEAVE
1820 Choctaw signed a treaty of removal.
1832 Creek, Chickasaw, and Seminole tribes
signed treaty of removal.
The Cherokee were the last to sign treaty of
removal.
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THE MAP THAT SHOWS THE DIFFERENT PATHS EACH
TRIBE TRAVELED
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THE COST OF THE TRAIL OF TEARS
One out of four Cherokee died on the Trail of
Tears.
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