READ 10 MIN

TERM PROJECTS

WHAT KEY STRATEGIES HELPED BOTH THE

PERSIANS AND GREEKS TO VICTORY IN THE PERSIAN

WAR?BELL RINGER

• WHY DO YOU BELIEVE AMERICA HAS BEEN SO SUCCESSFUL AS A COUNTRY? TPS

• PROSPERITY DUE IN PART TO STABLE AND EFFECTIVE GOVERNMENT. BOTH IN USA AND ATHENS

• DEMOCRACY – FORM OF GOV’T RUN BY THE PEOPLE

• DEVELOPED IN ATHENS AROUND 500 BC, SAME TIME ATHENS ENTERED ITS CLASSICAL AGE. WHERE PERIOD OF GREATEST ACHIEVEMENTS AND TRIUMPH HAPPENED. COINCIDENCE?????

• BIRTHPLACE OF DEMOCRACY BUT NOT ALWAYS DEMOCRATIC

• TOOK SEVERAL CENTURIES TO DEVELOP

• EARLY RULED BY KINGS, LATER ARISTOCRATS - BOTH HAD $/POWER

THE CLASSICAL AGE

CUT/PASTE DEMOCRACY TABLES INTO LL

• ATHENIANS WERE POOR/LITTLE POWER

• WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THERE IS A GAP BETWEEN RICH/POOR? WHY DOES THIS PROBLEM OCCUR IN HISTORY SO OFTEN?

• AN OFFICIAL NAMED DRACO REFORMED THE CITIES LAWS TO HELP RESOLVE CONFLICT.

• BELIEVED THAT THE ONLY WAY TO END UNREST WAS THROUGH HARSH PUNISHMENT – REFLECTED IN HIS LAWS

• WHAT DO YOU BELIEVE HAPPENED DUE TO THE NEW HARSH LAWS? TPS

• MADE MATTERS WORSE

• 590 BC NEW RULER - SOLON REVISED THE LAWS, GETTING RID OF DRACO’S HARSHEST LAWS.

• AIMED AT OUTLAWING DEBT SLAVERY/WANTED TO REDUCE POVERTY THROUGH TRADE.

DEVELOPMENT OF DEMOCRACY

• SOLON ALLOWED ALL MEN IN ATHENS TO TAKE PART IN THE ASSEMBLY THAT GOVERNED THE CITY AND TO SERVE ON JURY'S.

• BUT OF COURSE ONLY WEALTHY MEN COULD RUN FOR/HOLD POLITICAL OFFICE.

• SOLON’S LAW WAS THE FIRST REAL STEP TOWARD DEMOCRACY IN ATHENS

• HOW SO???

• SAID THAT SOLON LEFT ATHENS FOR 10 YEARS AFTER CREATING HIS LAWS – THEN RETURNED, WHY? TPS

• WANTED TO MAKE SURE HIS LAWS WORKED EVEN WITHOUT HIM IN PLACE TO ENFORCE THEM, WHEN HE RETURNED THEY INDEED DID WORK AS ATHENS WAS RUNNING SMOOTHLY.CONTINUED…

• SOLON’S LAWS RELIEVED TENSIONS FOR A SHORT TIME. (FEW DECADES)

• ONCE AGAIN CONFLICT AROSE, POLITICIAN NAME PEISISTRATUS SEIZED THE MOMENT TO TAKE POWER.

• WAS A TYRANT- A STRONGMAN WHO SEIZES POWER BY FORCE AND CLAIMS TO RULE FOR THE GOOD OF THE PEOPLE.

• DESPITE HIS VIOLENT RISE TO POWER/WAS POPULAR.

• LOWER STATUS PEOPLE LIKED THAT HE PUSHED OUT ARISTOCRATS/INCREASED TRADE = MORE $$$ FOR ATHENS

• PEISISTRATUS DIED, ANOTHER REFORMER CLEISTHENES TOOK OVER

• REALLY SET STAGE FOR ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY WITH HIS REFORM

• POWER OF NOBLE FAMILIES BROKEN UP BY DIVIDING ATHENS INTO 10 TRIBES BASED ON WHERE PEOPLE LIVED. TRIBES, NOT FAMILIES/SOCIAL GROUPS THE BASIS FOR ELECTIONS. WHAT DOES THIS LOOK LIKE????

• I.E. EACH TRIBE ELECTED 50 MEN TO SERVE ON A COUNCIL OF 500 THAT PROPOSED LAWS. EACH TRIBE ELECTED GENERALS ATHENIAN ARMY.

RULERS CONTINUED…

• NOT COMPLETELY RUN BY ALL PEOPLE

• ONLY FREE MALES OVER 20 WHO HAD COMPLETED MILITARY TRAINING ALLOWED TO VOTE

• ABOUT 10% OF POPULATION IN 300 BC PARTICIPATED.

• IF YOU PARTICIPATED YOU DID SO FULLY

• VOTED IN ALL ELECTIONS

• SERVE IN OFFICE IF ELECTED

• SERVE ON JURIES

• SERVE IN THE MILITARY DURING WAR

ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY

• 3 MAIN BODIES OF ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY

• 1ST FULL ASSEMBLY INCLUDED ALL ELIGIBLE PEOPLE – MADE LAWS AND IMPORTANT DECISIONS. MET ON HILL IN THE CITY CALLED

• CALLED THEIR ASSEMBLY ECCLESIA, MEANING “TO SUMMON FORTH”, ECCLESIASTIC TODAY SIMILAR TO THAT (MEMBER OF CLERGY)

• ALL MEMBERS PRESENT AT MEETING ON HILL VOTED ON EACH MEASURE CALLED DIRECT DEMOCRACY – ALL PEOPLE VOTE DIRECTLY ON AN ISSUE

• 2ND MAIN BODY – COUNCIL OF 500

• WROTE LAWS TO BE VOTED ON BY FULL ASSEMBLY

• 3RD MAIN BODY – COURTS

• HEARD TRIALS/SENTENCED CRIMINALS. COURTS MEMBERS CHOSEN FROM ASSEMBLY COULD NUMBER UP TO 6,000 PEOPLEATHENIAN DEMOCRACY CONTD…

• ARCHON ANOTHER ELECTED OFFICIAL

• SERVED AS CHIEF OF STATE IN ATHENS/HEAD OF BOTH FULL ASSEMBLY AND COUNCIL OF 500.

• ELECTED FOR TERM OF 1 YEAR, COULD BE RE-ELECTED MANY TIMES

• CREATE A CHART WITH YOUR PARTNER, USING YOUR NOTES COMPARING OUR CURRENT DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM (OUR BRANCHES) AND THE EQUIVALENT ATHENIAN GROUP.

COMPARE & CONTRAST

READ 10 MIN

GOLDEN AGE/PERICLES

• SKILLFUL POLITICIAN, GREAT SPEAKER, RESPECTED GENERAL PERICLES WILL LEAD ATHENS THROUGH GOLDEN AGE, LL WHY DO YOU BELIEVE IT IS CALLED THE GOLDEN AGE? WHAT WILL HAPPEN?

• THREE GOALS (1) STRENGTHEN ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY (2) HOLD/STRENGTHEN THE EMPIRE (3) GLORIFY ATHENS

• PARTNER READ, ANALYZING MOTIVES

• NOW PAID PUBLIC OFFICIALS, PREVIOUSLY UNPAID & ONLY RICH COULD AFFORD TO SERVE, A TRUE DIRECT DEMOCRACY, CHECK LL WHAT IS THAT?

• EXPANDED NAVY TO HELP LEAD/DOMINATE THE DELIAN LEAGUE

• WANTED TO CREATE BEST STATUES/BUILDINGS TO GLORIFY ATHENS

• I.E. PARTHENON, CLASSIC GREEK TEMPLE STYLE FOR 200 YEARS, 23,000 SQ. FEET. BUILT TO HONOR ATHENA GODDESS OF WISDOM AND PROTECTOR OF ATHENS. INSIDE GOLD/IVORY STATUE OF ATHENA OVER 30 FT. TALL.

• GREEK FIGURES GRACEFUL, STRONG AND PERFECTLY FORMED. FACES SHOW NEITHER JOY NOR ANGER, ONLY SERENITY. TRIED TO CAPTURE IDEAL HUMAN BODY IN MOTION.

• THESE VALUES OF HARMONY, ORDER, BALANCE, & PROPORTION BECAME THE STANDARD OF WHAT IS CALLED CLASSICAL ART

GREEK STATUESWhat do these statues show? What are they trying to represent or teach us?- Greek Soldier- Discuss thrower- Athenian competing- Laocoon and his sons

Performances still held here, in a natural valley. Romans enlarged from 12,000 to 14,000. Acoustics so good that words whispered on stage can be heard in the last rows.

1.How is the ancient theater shown on this page similar to theaters you have seen? How is it different?

2.What themes were common in ancient Greek plays?

3.Why do you believe drama played such an important role in Greek society?

Wrote two kind of drama, a comedy – scenes with slapstick situations/crude humor & tragedy – serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal. Usually contained a main character & a tragic hero . Usually downfall was excessive pride – hubris

Theater of Epidaurus

DO YOU THINK THAT THUCYDIDES WAS RIGHT IN HIS ASSERTION THAT HISTORY SOMETIMES REPEATS ITSELF? WHY OR WHY NOT.

BELL RINGER

POP QUIZ

1. WHICH BATTLE WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT IN THE PERSIAN WAR AND WHY? 

2. HOW DOES A DEMOCRACY DIFFER FROM AN OLIGARCHY? 

3. WHY WERE THE SPARTAN SOLDIERS WILLING TO SACRIFICE THEMSELVES AT THERMOPYLAE? 

4. HOW DOES THE CONCEPT OF HUBRIS APPLY TO GREEK DRAMA? 

5. WHICH OF PERICLES’ GOALS DO YOU THINK HAD THE GREATEST IMPACT ON THE MODERN WORLD? EXPLAIN 

WRITE A SENTENCE EXPLAINING THE FOLLOWING WORDS SIGNIFICANCE

• TRAGEDY –

• DIRECT DEMOCRACY –

• POLIS –

• PHALANX –

• ACROPOLIS –

• CLASSICAL ART -

• ATHENS GREW IN WEALTH PRESTIGE, SO DID SPARTA, BOTH LEADERS ENCOURAGED WAR BELIEVING THEY HAD THE ADVANTAGE

• PELOPONNESIAN WAR BEGINS – WAR BETWEEN SPARTA(ARMY) & ATHENS (NAVY). SPARTA (INLAND LOCATION) QUICKLY SWEPT INTO ATHENS COUNTRY SIDE DESTROYED CROPS, PERICLES BROUGHT ALL INSIDE CITY WALLS – BRINGING SUPPLIES BY SEA TO THE PORT. TPS WHAT IS THE PROBLEM WITH BRINING ALL WITHIN CITY WALLS.

• PLAGUE SWEEPS THROUGH CITY, ATHENIANS SENT 20,000 SOLDIERS TO SPARTAN ALLY SYRACUSE, THEY WERE CRUSHED. DUE TO WAR ATHENS LOST EMPIRE, POWER, WEALTH

PARTNER READ, PLAGUE IN ATHENS

GROUPS OF 4 GEOGRAPHY APPLICATION: THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR

READ 10 MIN

TURN IN PELOPONNESIAN WAR HOMEWORK

GRADE LL

INTRO - SOCRATES DEATH

• CONSIDERED WISEST MAN IN ATHENS

• CHARGED WITH IMPIETY (DISRESPECT FOR RELIGION AND CORRUPTING THE CITIES CHILDREN)

• FELT THAT HE WAS LEADING PEOPLE TO QUESTION THE ACTIONS OF GODS THROUGH PHILOSOPHY.

• WHICH WAR DID THEY RECENTLY LOOSE AND HOW WOULD THAT AFFECT THEIR THINKING? TPS

• THOUGHT THEY LOST PELOPONNESIAN DUE TO DISPLEASURE OF THE GODS.

• HISTORIANS BELIEVE INVALID CHARGES; HIS FRIENDS INVOLVED W/ A TYRANNICAL GOV’T THAT TOOK CONTROL OF ATHENS, ARRESTED TO PUNISH THEM.

• ACCEPT DEATH WILLINGLY/CALMLY ACCORDING TO STUDENT PLATO

• DRANK A CUP OF HEMLOCK AND DIED QUICKLY

WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY , WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO HISTORY & TO US TODAY?

• BELL RINGER

• MISSING CORNER – DO NOT LOOK AT THE PICTURE (LEAVE FACE DOWN)

• THE PURPOSE IS TO SLOW YOU DOWN AS YOU EXAMINE THIS VISUAL IMAGE, LOOKING FOR DETAILS YOU WOULD NOT HAVE OTHERWISE NOTICED

• LAY YOUR CUT OUT SHEET OVER THE IMAGE TO OBSCURE ALL BUT ONE QUARTER OF THE IMAGE.

• IN YOUR LEARNING LOG CREATE 4 CORNERS BY DRAWING A LINE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL ON THE PAGE. WITH YOUR PARTNERS LIST ALL OF THE THINGS YOU NOTICE IN THE VISIBLE QUARTER OF YOUR IMAGE IN THE CORRESPONDING QUARTER OF THE FOLDED SHEET.

• DO THIS UNTIL ALL 4 QUARTERS OF THE IMAGE HAVE BEEN EXAMINED.

HOW WOULD YOU INTERPRET THE IMAGE NOW THAT YOU HAVE BEEN FORCED TO EXAMINE IT CLOSELY?

• BE METACOGNITIVE ABOUT YOUR VIEWING/ANSWER IN YOUR LL

1. WHAT DID YOU SEE THAT YOU THINK YOU WOULD NOT HAVE SEEN WITHOUT THE MISSING CORNER SHEET?

2. WHICH QUARTER OF THE IMAGE IS MOST IMPORTANT, OR ARE THEY ALL EQUAL?

3. WHY MIGHT THE CREATOR HAVE PUT THE INFORMATION IN THE SPECIFIC QUARTER THAT HE DID?

WHAT ARE THINGS THAT YOU NOTICE ABOUT THE PICTURE “A CUP OF DEATH”

GREEK PHILOSOPHY

• DESPITE SOCRATES DEATH, GREECE ESP. ATHENS WERE GREAT BELIEVERS IN PHILOSOPHY. WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY? TPS

• THE SEARCH FOR WISDOM AND KNOWLEDGE, COMES FROM GREEK WORD PHILOSOPHIA MEANS “THE LOVE OF WISDOM”

• PHILOSOPHY REACHED IT’S HEIGHT IN 400’S AND 300’S “GOLDEN AGE OF GREEK PHILOSOPHY”

• 3 GREATEST SOCRATES, PLATO, ARISTOTLE

SOCRATES

• LITTLE KNOWN ABOUT HIS LIFE

• ALL THAT WE DO KNOW IS THROUGH

HIS STUDENT PLATO

• WANTED TO KNOW BROAD CONCEPTS OF

HUMAN LIFE LIKE JUSTICE, VIRTUE, TRUTH. THOUGHT

PHILOSOPHERS COULD LEARN WHAT MADE PEOPLE

GOOD AND GOOD SOCIETIES. HOW DO YOU DO

THAT?

• STARTED WITH BASIC QUESTION “WHAT IS TRUTH?”

• YOU TELL ME WHAT IS TRUTH?

• SO WHAT .. SO WHAT..

• WHEN THEY ANSWERED HE WOULD FOLLOW UP WITH ANOTHER QUESTION AND SO FORTH. CALLED THE……

• SOCRATIC METHOD

PLATO• SOCRATES STUDENT, MANY WRITINGS LEFT BEHIND INCLUDING TOPICS ON NATURE OF TRUTH/GOODNESS/IDEAL FORM OF GOV’T

• MOST FAMOUS PIECE OF WORK THE REPUBLIC, ARGUES THAT A GOV’T SHOULD BE LED BY THE PEOPLE MOST QUALIFIED TO MAKE GOOD DECISIONS, WHICH IS???

• PHILOSOPHERS…..ACCORDING TO PLATO, ARGUED NO ONE ELSE HAS THE NECESSARY SKILLS

• DID NOT SUPPORT ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY

• WANTED TO SPREAD PHILOSOPHY FORMALLY, CREATED A SCHOOL THE ACADEMY, PHILOSOPHERS COULD TEACH STUDENTS AND HOLD DEBATES.

• THE ACADEMY BECAME THE MOST IMPORTANT SITE FOR GREEK PHILOSOPHERS TO DO THEIR WORK.

The Republic, Partner Read

ARISTOTLE

• STUDIED AT ACADEMY, STUDIED HUMAN NATURE AND THE WORLD AROUND HIM

• EMPHASIZED REASON & LOGIC. REASON – CLEAR AND ORDERED THINKING.

• ARGUED PEOPLE SHOULD USE REASON TO HELP THEM LEARN ABOUT THE WORLD BY MAKING CAREFUL OBSERVATIONS AND THINKING RATIONALLY. THIS INFLUENCED THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN EUROPE

• WHAT DO YOU THINK????

• LOGIC – PROCESS OF MAKING INFERENCES. TAUGHT USE WHAT YOU ALREADY KNOW TO INFER NEW FACTS.

• I.E. BIRDS HAVE FEATHERS AND LAY EGGS

• OWLS HAVE FEATHERS AND LAY EGGS

• THEREFORE, AN OWL MUST BE A TYPE OF BIRD

• COME UP WITH AN LOGICAL INFERENCE WITH YOUR TPS PARTNER.

GREEK LITERATURE• MOST FAMOUS HOMER’S ILIAD/ODYSSEY (EPICS) – A STORY

ABOUT A GREAT EVENT AND HERO.

• WERE GREATLY POPULAR IN GREECE. ORIGINALLY NOT WRITTEN DOWN BUT SANG/RECITED

• BECAME THE BASIS FOR GREEK EDUCATION SYSTEM

• HAD TO MEMORIZE LONG PASSAGES

• YOUNG MEN ENCOURAGED TO EMULATE THE DEEDS OF THE HEROES

• LYRIC POETRY – CREATED BY GREEKS, NAMED AFTER LYRE INSTRUMENT (WHERE HAVE WE SEEN THIS) DOES NOT TELL STORIES BUT DEALS WITH EMOTIONS/DESIRES

• SAPPHO, ONE OF FEW FAMOUS WOMAN WRITERS. POEMS DEALT WITH DAILY LIFE, MARRIAGE, LOVE, RELATIONSHIPS

WHAT DOES THIS MEAN? TPS

• “IRIDESCENT-THRONED APHRODITE, DEATHLESS CHILD OF ZEUS, WILE-WEAVER, I NOW IMPLORE YOU, DON’T – I BEG YOU, LADY – WITH PAINS AND TORMENTS CRUSH DOWN MY SPIRIT”

• SAPPHO, HYMN TO APHRODITE

LITERATURE HISTORY• ONE OF FEW TO WRITE THEIR OWN HISTORY

• FIRST MAJOR WRITER WAS HERODOTUS (WHERE HAVE WE HEARD HIS NAME?)

• WROTE THE HISTORIES, DESCRIBED MAJOR EVENTS/BATTLES, SOME HE WITNESSED HIMSELF, SOME REPORTED BY OTHERS. DEEMED UNRELIABLE SOURCES LED TO ERRORS IN HIS HISTORY

• THUCYDIDES SECOND MAJOR HISTORIAN, LIVED DURING PELOPONNESIAN WAR, WROTE OF WHAT WE CALL PRIMARY SOURCES, DEFINE????? ESPECIALLY SPEECHES HE HEARD. WAS CRITICAL AND IGNORED IRRELEVANT SOURCES.

• XENOPHON, SOLDIER/PHILOSOPHER FOUND IN PERSIA, FOCUSED ON DESCRIBING FAMOUS MEN.

CONNECT TO TODAY, READ P. 140 & 141 ANSWER QUESTIONS

P. 139 ASSESSMENT