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What is an ellipse?
An ellipse is a closed curve around two fixed points called foci.
Eccentricity- measures how stretched out, NOT circular an orbit is.
Eccentricity= d (distance btwn foci) L (length of Major
axis)
Label the following:distance between foci (d) and the
Length of Major axis (L)
d
Planet
Sun Foci
L
E= 5.2cm = 0.419 12.4cm
+ +
Which planet has the roundest orbit?
Which one is the most ellongated?
Which planet moves fastest?
Which one moves the slowest
Which eccentricity is closest to Uranus?
1. Describe the relationship between eccentricity of an ellipse and the shape of a planet’s orbit
2. State the relationship between distance between foci and eccentricity of orbit.
Use the ESRTp.15 Solar System Data Chart to answer the following:
Planet with the Least eccentric orbit-
Planet with the Most eccentric orbit-
Venus – 0.007 (Most nearly Circular)
Mercury – 0.206
State the range for eccentricity? 0.000 – 1.000Circle - Line
Second Law-Law of equal areas. A line from the Sun to any planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time.
SUNSUN
X-Y = 30 daysA-B = 30 daysA1=A2
A
XB
Y
A2A1
1. A planet must travel a longer distance in its orbit from X-Y .
2. For a planet to travel from X-Y and A-B in the same amount of time it must increase its velocity in orbit from X-Y.
3. It is winter in the Northern Hemisphere. The seasons are caused by the Earth’s tilt on axis. The Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun during our Winter (January).
BA
X
Y
Perihelion-Planet is closest to the Sun
Aphelion- Planet is furthest from the Sun
SUN
• Elliptical Orbits Interactive Animation: http://www.windows2universe.org/physical_science/physics/mechanics/orbit/orbit_shape_interactive.html
Name of Planet Distance from Sun Period of Revolution
Mercury 57.9 88 days
Venus 108.2 224.7 days
Earth 149.6 365.26 days
Mars 227.9 687 days
Jupiter 778.3 11.86 days
Saturn 1,427 29.46 days
Uranus 2,869 84.0 years
Neptune 4,496 164.8 years
Third Law-The further a planet is from the Sun, the longer its period of revolution.
1. Explain how a planet’s distance from the Sun affects its period of Revolution.