Whatdoyouseeinthisphoto?Wheremightthisbe?Whatchallengesmay

someonelivinghereface?

SouthAsia

PhysicalGeography

•  India,Pakistan,Bangladesh,Nepal,Bhutan,SriLanka,andtheMaldivesmakeupthesubconCnentofSouthAsia.

•  SouthAsiaisverymountainous.•  Twohugewallsofmountains,theKarakoramRangeandtheHimalayas,formthenorthernborderofIndiaandseparateSouthAsiafromtherestofAsia.

PhysicalGeography

•  MuchofSouthAsia’swaterdrainsintotheGangesRiver.

•  ThetwomajorriversinBangladesharetheBrahmaputraRiverandtheGangesRiver.

•  ThemainriversystemrunningthroughPakistanistheIndusRiver

PhysicalGeography

•  TheMaldivesaremadeupofabout1,200smallcoralislands.

•  SriLankaliesabout20milesoffthecoastofsoutheasternIndia.Itstropicalclimatewithawetanddryseason.

Monsoons

•  Monsoonsareseasonalwindsthatbringintenserainfallduringpartoftheyear.

•  FromMaytoOctober,windsblownorthwardandbringheavyrain.Someareasreceiveasmuchas100inchesofrainfall.

•  Summermonsoonrainsirrigatecropsandfillreservoirs.

•  Rainscanalsocausedeadlyfloodsandlandslides.

Monsoons

•  FromNovembertoApril,thewintermonsoonsreversethewindsandblowdryairsouthward.

•  Verydrywintermonsoonsseasonscandestroycrops.

•  PeopleinSouthAsiamustcarefullymanagewaterstoredduringwetmonsoonstouseasdrinkingwaterandtoirrigatecropsduringdrymonsoons.

Resources&LandUse

•  SouthAsia’snaturalresourcesrangefromIndia’shugecoaldepositstoSriLanka’spreciousandsemi-preciousstones.

•  ThemostimportantresourceinSouthAsiaisit’sarableland.

•  FarmsinSouthAsiafeednearly1.5billionpeople.

GreenRevoluCon

•  Despitevastfarmland,IndiaoZensufferedterriblefamines.

•  In1966,farmersbeganusingsustainablefarmingtechniquesandnewseedstoincreasecropgrowth.

•  ThisrapidandsignificantriseinfoodproducConbecameknownastheGreenRevoluCon.

PolluCon

•  BecauseofSouthAsia’slargepopulaCon,polluConisaproblem.

•  Localnon-governmentalorganizaConsandnewlawsinSouthAsiaareaimedatdecreasingpolluCon,conservaCon,andcleaninguppolluCon.

PolluConinGangesRiver

EarlyIndianHistory

•  NomadicherderscalledtheAryansmigratedfromCentralAsiaintotheIndusRiverValley.

•  Aryansocietywasorganizedintodifferentsocialgroupsbasedonancestry,familyCes,andaperson’soccupaCon.

•  TheirsocialstructurebecameknownastheCasteSystem

CasteSystem

•  TradiConalIndiansocialstructurewasdividedinto4groups.

•  Thepriestandscholarswereatthetop•  Thentherulersandwarriors•  Nextwerethemerchantsandprofessionals•  AtthebocomwerethearCsts,laborers,andservants.

CasteSystem

•  Anunofficial5thgroupwascreatedtoincludethosewhoperformedthelowestjobsinIndiansocietysuchastanninganimalskinsandcollecCnggarbage.Theywereknownasthe“Untouchables”.

•  RulesoftheCastesystemwereverystrict.•  Peoplecouldnotmarryoutoftheircaste,itwasnearlyimpossibletomoveintoadifferentcaste,andalotofdiscriminaConoccurred.

CasteSystemToday

•  Today,India’sconsCtuConforbidsunfairtreatmentagainstmemberofanycaste.

•  ManygroupshaveformedtostruggleagainstsuchdiscriminaCon.

Whatdoyouthinktheaveragepercapitaincomeisinthiscountry?(Howmuchmoneydoestheaveragepersonmakeeachyear?)Wheredoyouthinkthisis?

DID YOU KNOW???

Bangladeshisoneofthepoorestandmost-populatedcountriesintheworld.Theaveragepercapitaincomeisabout$150ayear.

ReligioninSouthAsia

Name Beliefs %of

popula?onSikhism CombinesHinduism&

Islam1%

Buddhism Seevocabnotes 2%

Islam MainlypracCcedinPakistan&Bangladesh

30%

Hinduism Seevocabnotes 63%

Thelargestdemocracy

•  ThedemocraCcgovernmentinIndiafacesmanychallengesingoverningmorethanonebillionciCzens.

•  India’sconsCtuConestablishedafederalrepublic.•  Workingtowardsa“casteless”societyinIndia.•  PopulaCongrowthisthemainchallenge.ThegovernmentisworkingonexpandingitsinfrastructuretoaccommodatethegrowingpopulaCon.

EconomicGrowth

•  Outsourcing,theshiZingofjobstoworkersoutsideacompany,oZeninaforeigncountry,hasbeenabigpartinIndia’seconomicgrowth.

•  Ifyoucalltechnicalsupport,yourcallislikelyansweredinIndia.

•  WhiletheofficiallanguageinIndiaisHindi,businessandgovernmentisconductedinEnglish.

EconomicGrowth

•  WhilebusinessisexpandinginIndia,75%ofpeoplesCllmakeonly$2.00aday.

•  Thegovernmentmustfindwaystoincreaseaccesstoconsumergoods,andincreaseeconomicopportuniCesforall.

•  Mircolendingisonewaythatthecountry’sgrowingprosperityreacheseventhepoorestciCzens.

TheGoldenQuadrilateral

•  Indiaismodernizingitsroadwaystosupportitseconomicgrowth.

•  In1998,theprimeministerannouncedIndiawouldbuilda3,663milesuperhighwaycalledtheGoldenQuadrilateraltoconnectfourmajorciCes:Delhi,Mumbai,Chennai,andKolkata.

•  TheGQisanexampleofIndia’seffortstomodernizeandimproveitsinfrastructure.

Push/PullFactors

•  SouthAsia’sciCesarefacingthechallengesofrapidgrowth.

•  TherearemanyslumsinSouthAsia.•  Aslumisanareaofacitythathascrowded,uncleanhousing,poorsanitaCon,andbadlivingcondiCons.

SluminMumbai

SluminMumbai

Push/PullFactors

•  Push/Pullfactorsarereasonswhypeoplemigrate.

•  PushfactorsinSouthAsiainclude:poverty,lackofjobs,poorsanitaCon,hunger.

•  PullfactorsinSouthAsiainclude:jobopportuniCes,becereducaCon,cleanwater,electricity.