•WHAT DO YOU WANT TO WHAT DO YOU WANT TO KNOW ABOUT THE KNOW ABOUT THE VIETNAM WAR?VIETNAM WAR?

April 16--What do you know about the Vietnam War?

The Vietnam WarThe Vietnam War

IB ObjectivesIB Objectives

Spread of the Cold War from EuropeSpread of the Cold War from Europe US involvement in VietnamUS involvement in Vietnam US foreign policy during Cold WarUS foreign policy during Cold War

IB Sample QuestionsIB Sample Questions

““The Vietnam War had a disastrous The Vietnam War had a disastrous effect on the presidencies of both effect on the presidencies of both Lyndon B. Johnson and Richard Lyndon B. Johnson and Richard Nixon.” To what extent do you agree Nixon.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?with this statement?

Compare and contrast the roles of Compare and contrast the roles of Korea and Vietnam in the Cold War.Korea and Vietnam in the Cold War.

Key TermsKey Terms

Ho Chi MinhHo Chi Minh Geneva AccordsGeneva Accords Ngo Dinh DiemNgo Dinh Diem VietcongVietcong

Lecture OutlineLecture Outline

I.I. Why the US became involvedWhy the US became involved

II.II. The WarThe War

III.III. Why the US lostWhy the US lost

IV.IV. Impact of the WarImpact of the War

Why the US got involvedWhy the US got involved

US foreign policyUS foreign policy The Communist victory in Vietnam allowed The Communist victory in Vietnam allowed

the Soviet Navy to establish a strong the Soviet Navy to establish a strong presence in the South China Sea and to presence in the South China Sea and to pose a military threat to the US in the pose a military threat to the US in the region.region.

Access to raw materials and markets of Access to raw materials and markets of IndochinaIndochina

If a political party wanted to be successful If a political party wanted to be successful in the next election it must have appeared in the next election it must have appeared firm against any Communist move.firm against any Communist move.

Causes of the WarCauses of the War

Indochina (Cambodia, Vietnam, and Indochina (Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos) had been a French colony since Laos) had been a French colony since the 1890s.the 1890s.

Ho Chi Minh was a French educated Ho Chi Minh was a French educated Communist, who organized the Communist, who organized the Indochinese Communist Party (the Indochinese Communist Party (the Vietminh) in 1930.Vietminh) in 1930.

The Vietnamese, with US aid, raised a The Vietnamese, with US aid, raised a guerilla force of 5,000 men to fight the guerilla force of 5,000 men to fight the Japanese.Japanese.

The War of IndependenceThe War of Independence

In August 1945 the Vietminh In August 1945 the Vietminh proclaimed the independence of proclaimed the independence of Vietnam.Vietnam.

In November 1946 the Vietnamese In November 1946 the Vietnamese War for Independence began.War for Independence began.

At first the US was unsympathetic At first the US was unsympathetic towards the French but after the towards the French but after the policy of containment was adopted policy of containment was adopted the US began to support the French.the US began to support the French.

Why did the US support Why did the US support France?France?

The need to have French support in The need to have French support in Europe against the SovietsEurope against the Soviets

The possibility of a Communist The possibility of a Communist victory in Indochinavictory in Indochina

The 1949 Communist victory in ChinaThe 1949 Communist victory in China The Korean War The Korean War

The War for IndependenceThe War for Independence

By the end of the war the US had By the end of the war the US had given the French more than $2.6 given the French more than $2.6 billion in military aid.billion in military aid.

The Geneva Accords set the terms of The Geneva Accords set the terms of the French withdrawal.the French withdrawal.

Vietnam was temporarily divided at Vietnam was temporarily divided at the 17the 17thth parallel. parallel.

Elections were to be held in the Elections were to be held in the summer of 1956.summer of 1956.

1717thth Parallel Parallel

South VietnamSouth Vietnam The French appointed Ngo Dinh Diem The French appointed Ngo Dinh Diem

as the interim Premier of the South.as the interim Premier of the South. With US support, Diem blocked the With US support, Diem blocked the

elections called for by the Geneva elections called for by the Geneva Accords and broke off all contact with Accords and broke off all contact with the North.the North.

Between 1955 and 1961, the US gave Between 1955 and 1961, the US gave South Vietnam more than $1 billion in South Vietnam more than $1 billion in economic and military assistance and economic and military assistance and by 1961 it was the 5by 1961 it was the 5thth largest recipient largest recipient of US foreign aid.of US foreign aid.

April 19– Write an April 19– Write an identification for the Geneva identification for the Geneva

Accords.Accords.

South VietnamSouth Vietnam By the late 1950s the American mission By the late 1950s the American mission

in Saigon was the largest anywhere in in Saigon was the largest anywhere in the world with 1,500 men.the world with 1,500 men.

By 1956 over 200,000 political By 1956 over 200,000 political opponents had been arrested.opponents had been arrested.

Diem refused to institute land reform or Diem refused to institute land reform or make other necessary economic and make other necessary economic and social changes.social changes.

South VietnamSouth Vietnam

Diem’s refusal to hold the reunification Diem’s refusal to hold the reunification elections and his harassment of elections and his harassment of Communists caused the Southern Communists caused the Southern Communists, the Vietcong, to begin Communists, the Vietcong, to begin guerrilla warfare against the guerrilla warfare against the government.government.

Ho formally approved the guerrilla Ho formally approved the guerrilla campaign and began to send arms and campaign and began to send arms and advisers south to assist the Vietcong.advisers south to assist the Vietcong.

North Vietnam RespondsNorth Vietnam Responds In 1958 about 700 government In 1958 about 700 government

officials were assassinated, in 1960, officials were assassinated, in 1960, 2,500.2,500.

US military assistance more than US military assistance more than doubled between 1961 and 1962 and doubled between 1961 and 1962 and the number of US military advisors the number of US military advisors increased from 3,205 to more than increased from 3,205 to more than 9,000.9,000.

South VietnamSouth Vietnam May 1963 the Buddhists begin to May 1963 the Buddhists begin to

protest Diem’s policies. protest Diem’s policies. In August Vietnamese forces carried out In August Vietnamese forces carried out

raids on Buddhist temples and arrested raids on Buddhist temples and arrested 1,400 people.1,400 people.

On November 1, 1963 Diem and his On November 1, 1963 Diem and his brother were overthrown and brother were overthrown and murdered.murdered.

3 weeks later President Kennedy was 3 weeks later President Kennedy was assassinated.assassinated.

US Involvement ActivityUS Involvement Activity

RecorderRecorder Presenters (2)Presenters (2)

UN p. 960-967UN p. 960-967

Henry KissingerHenry Kissinger VietnamizationVietnamization Pentagon papersPentagon papers “ “Christmas bombing”Christmas bombing” Paris accordsParis accords SALT ISALT I Nixon DoctrineNixon Doctrine