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What does a Computer Do?
What is a Computer?
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules (process), produce results (output), and store the results (storage) for future use
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Essential Introduction to Computers: 6th Edition
© 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 4
Avoid hackers and viruses Protect your privacy Understand the real risks Use the Internet wisely Avoid online annoyances Maintain your computer Make good purchase decisions Integrate the latest
technology
Being a Savvy Computer User and Consumer
What does a computer do? Input – Receives information
Processes – Moves the information around
Storage – Saves the information
Output – Send the information out, printed form, monitor, email, sound, web page
Essential Introduction to Computers: 6th Edition
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Input Devices Any hardware component that allows you to enter
data, programs, commands, and user responses into a computer
Examples
Keyboard Mouse
Despite all the clicking going on in the world the Keyboard is still the primary input device.
Essential Introduction to Computers: 6th Edition
7
System Unit
The motherboard, or system board, is the main circuit board of the system unit
The processor, also called the central processing unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer
Memory, also called random access memory, or RAM, consists of electronic components that store data, instructions, and information, as needed by the processor
Essential Introduction to Computers: 6th Edition
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The Front Panel
Power control Drive bays Memory card
reader Productivity
ports
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Output Devices
Hardware that conveys information to one or morepeople
Output Device Examples
Printer
Monitor
Essential Introduction to Computers: 6th Edition
10
Storage Devices
Used to store instructions, data, and information when they are not being used in memory
Essential Introduction to Computers: 6th Edition
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Storage Devices
Magnetic disks use magnetic particles to store items on a disk’s surface Floppy disks Zip disks Hard disks
Provides greater storage capacity than floppy disk, zip disk or USB flash drive
Most are housed inside of the system unit
Essential Introduction to Computers: 6th Edition
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Storage Devices
Optical discs CD-ROM DVD-ROM
USB flash drive Provides much greater
storage capacity than a floppy disk or zip disk
Small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket
Essential Introduction to Computers: 6th Edition
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How Much Is a Byte?
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Communications Devices A communications device is a hardware component
that enables a computer to send (transmit) and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers
Communications occur over transmission media, such as telephone lines, cables, cellular radio networks, and satellites
Essential Introduction to Computers: 6th Edition
One type is a modem
What is a Network? What is a network?
Enables a connection
between computers
Enables a connection
between computers
Cables
Cellular radio
Telephone lines
Satellites
Transmission Media
Transmission Media
Communications Device
Communications Device
Collection of computers and devices connected together
Discovering Computers 2006: A Gateway to Information
To shareTo share
What are the Reasons to network?
ResourcesResources
Hardware devices
Hardware devices
Software programs
Software programs
DataDataTo save
time and
money
To save time and
moneyInformationInformation
Discovering Computers 2006: A Gateway to Information
What is a Server?
A server manages the resources on a network
Clients access the resources on the server
Discovering Computers 2006: A Gateway to Information
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Computer Software
Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software
Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software
Utility ProgramsUtility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs
Utility ProgramsUtility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs
Discovering Computers 2006: A Gateway to Information
Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software
Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software
Utility ProgramsUtility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs
Utility ProgramsUtility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs
Computer Software What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?
Allows you to interact with the software using graphics and icons
Controls how you enter data and how the screen displays information
Discovering Computers 2006: A Gateway to Information
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Computer Software Application software consists of programs that tell a
computer how to produce information
Word processing software Spreadsheet software Database software Presentation Graphics software
Essential Introduction to Computers: 6th Edition
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Computer Software
Essential Introduction to Computers: 6th Edition
What is the Internet?
Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
Discovering Computers 2006: A Gateway to Information
Why do Users Access the Internet?
2. Information
3. Shopping
4. Banking and Investing
5. Classes
6. Entertainment
1. Communications
Discovering Computers 2006: A Gateway to Information
What is the Web?
A Web site is a collection of
related Web pages
A Web site is a collection of
related Web pagesA Web page contains text, graphics, sound,
video, and links to other Web pages
A Web page contains text, graphics, sound,
video, and links to other Web pages
You can share information by
creating Web pages or posting photos on
a photo sharingcommunity
You can share information by
creating Web pages or posting photos on
a photo sharingcommunity
Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet
Discovering Computers 2006: A Gateway to Information
Personal ComputersWhat are the two most popular series of personal computers?
PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system
Apple Macintosh uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS)
Discovering Computers 2006: A Gateway to Information
Personal Computers
What is a desktop computer? Designed so all of the components fit
entirely on or under a desk or table
Discovering Computers 2006: A Gateway to Information
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What is a notebook computer?
Portable, small enough to fit on your lap
Also called a laptop computer
Generally more expensive than a desktop computer
Discovering Computers 2006: A Gateway to Information
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Setting It All Up: Ergonomics
Ergonomics: minimizing injury or discomfort while using the computer
Steps to follow: Position monitor correctly Use adjustable chair Assume proper position while typing Take breaks Ensure adequate lighting