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What I am going to talk What I am going to talk about todayabout today
MolesMoles Good, bad, ugly and ugliest skin Good, bad, ugly and ugliest skin
lesionslesions How to prevent skin cancerHow to prevent skin cancer SunscreensSunscreens A word about LaserA word about Laser
MolesMoles
Most people have a fewMost people have a few Most do not cause a problemMost do not cause a problem Occasionally a nuisance!Occasionally a nuisance!
Flat dark molesFlat dark moles
Junctional naevus – Junctional naevus – located at junction located at junction of outer and inner of outer and inner layer of skinlayer of skin
More likely than More likely than other moles to other moles to cause a problem – cause a problem – so the one to so the one to watch for!watch for!
Raised skin coloured Raised skin coloured molesmoles
Dermal naevus – Dermal naevus – located in deeper located in deeper layer of skinlayer of skin
Very rare that Very rare that they turn into they turn into melanomamelanoma
Slightly raised dark Slightly raised dark molesmoles
Raised in the Raised in the middlemiddle
Surrounding dark Surrounding dark pigmentation pigmentation
Less likely to Less likely to cause a problemcause a problem
Looks ugly but good!Looks ugly but good!
Seborrhoeic Seborrhoeic keratosiskeratosis
Extremely Extremely commoncommon
Rough topRough top Usually do not Usually do not
need treatmentneed treatment Get them checked Get them checked
if any doubtif any doubt
Sin tagsSin tags
Harmless but can Harmless but can irritate and irritate and aggravateaggravate
Neck, chest, back, Neck, chest, back, armpits or in the armpits or in the groin area groin area
Can be removed by Can be removed by cutting, freezing or cutting, freezing or burningburning
WartsWarts
Very commonVery common Nuisance but not a Nuisance but not a
serious problemserious problem Treatment can be Treatment can be
more more uncomfortable and uncomfortable and troublesome than troublesome than the wartsthe warts
Treating wartsTreating warts
Number of treatments, none of them Number of treatments, none of them very successfulvery successful
Paints Paints FreezingFreezing Duct tape!Duct tape!
How to cure your wart with How to cure your wart with duct tape!duct tape!
Cover the wart with duct tape for 6 days. Cover the wart with duct tape for 6 days. If the tape falls off during this time, put on If the tape falls off during this time, put on a fresh piecea fresh piece
After 6 days, remove the tape and soak After 6 days, remove the tape and soak the wart in warm water for 5 minutes. the wart in warm water for 5 minutes. After drying, rub gently with an emery After drying, rub gently with an emery board or pumice stone to get rid of dead board or pumice stone to get rid of dead tissue from the top of the warttissue from the top of the wart
Leave the wart uncovered overnight and Leave the wart uncovered overnight and put the tape on again the next dayput the tape on again the next day
Continue for up to two months. Continue for up to two months.
Actinic keratosesActinic keratoses
Dry, scaly patches Dry, scaly patches Form on sun exposed areas of the Form on sun exposed areas of the
skin, including the scalp, face, skin, including the scalp, face, forearms, and back of the handsforearms, and back of the hands
Caused by years of excessive sun Caused by years of excessive sun exposure. exposure.
If you develop one you are likely to If you develop one you are likely to get anotherget another
Actinic keratosesActinic keratoses
Actinic keratoses Actinic keratoses on the lipon the lip
Appear as Appear as cracking, dried lipscracking, dried lips
Actinic keratosesActinic keratoses
Actinic keratoses are considered Actinic keratoses are considered PRECANCEROUSPRECANCEROUS
Important to treat themImportant to treat them Treat by freezing, creams and Treat by freezing, creams and
sometimes surgerysometimes surgery
Avoiding new Actinic Avoiding new Actinic keratoseskeratoses
AVOID SUN EXPOSUREAVOID SUN EXPOSURE The best way to avoid new actinic The best way to avoid new actinic
keratoses and skin cancer is to keratoses and skin cancer is to protect your skin from the sun and protect your skin from the sun and the damaging ultraviolet (UV) rays.the damaging ultraviolet (UV) rays.
If you can’t avoid spending time outdoors, If you can’t avoid spending time outdoors, make sun protection a priority. Use a make sun protection a priority. Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a minimum SPF of 30, and cover your skin minimum SPF of 30, and cover your skin with long-sleeved shirts, trousers, and a with long-sleeved shirts, trousers, and a wide-brimmed hat. wide-brimmed hat.
Basal cell carcinomaBasal cell carcinoma
Commonest type of cancerCommonest type of cancer 80% of skin cancers80% of skin cancers NOT dangerous as does not spread NOT dangerous as does not spread
beyond the skinbeyond the skin
Basal cell carcinomaBasal cell carcinoma
A sore that comes A sore that comes and goes but never and goes but never completely heals completely heals
A shiny bump or A shiny bump or nodule, especially nodule, especially if it appears pearly if it appears pearly or translucent or translucent
Treatment of basal cell Treatment of basal cell carcinomacarcinoma
Creams for superficial onesCreams for superficial ones Freezing for small onesFreezing for small ones Surgery for othersSurgery for others
Squamous cell carcinomaSquamous cell carcinoma
10% of skin 10% of skin cancerscancers
A dry, crusted, A dry, crusted, scaly patch of skin scaly patch of skin that is red and that is red and swollen at the base swollen at the base
A sore that won’t A sore that won’t heal heal
Crusted skin Crusted skin
Squamous cell carcinomaSquamous cell carcinoma
Can sometimes spread beyond the Can sometimes spread beyond the skinskin
Important to diagnose and treat Important to diagnose and treat earlyearly
Main treatment is surgeryMain treatment is surgery Sometimes radiotherapy is usedSometimes radiotherapy is used
MelanomaMelanoma
5% of skin cancers5% of skin cancers Most DANGEROUS Most DANGEROUS
SKIN CANCERSKIN CANCER A mole that changes A mole that changes
in size, shape, in size, shape, colour, or feel colour, or feel
A new mole that A new mole that appears and appears and continues to grow continues to grow or changeor change
The ABCDE ruleThe ABCDE rule AAsymmetry. Does one half of a mole look symmetry. Does one half of a mole look
different from the other? different from the other? BBorder. Is the edge (border) of the mole order. Is the edge (border) of the mole
ragged, notched, or blurred? ragged, notched, or blurred? CColour. Does the mole have a variety of olour. Does the mole have a variety of
hues or colours within the same lesion? hues or colours within the same lesion? DDiameter. Is the mole wider than 6mm or iameter. Is the mole wider than 6mm or
1/4 inch? 1/4 inch? EEvolving. Does the mole or skin lesion volving. Does the mole or skin lesion
look different from your other moles or look different from your other moles or has it changed in shape colour, size or has it changed in shape colour, size or other trait? other trait?
Key pointKey point
If you notice a mole that is If you notice a mole that is different from others, or which different from others, or which changes, itches, or bleeds even if changes, itches, or bleeds even if it is smaller than 6 millimetre – it is smaller than 6 millimetre – GET ADVICEGET ADVICE
Who is at risk?Who is at risk? No one knows exact causeNo one knows exact cause Fair skinFair skin Many moles especially more than 50Many moles especially more than 50 Severe, blistering sunburnsSevere, blistering sunburns: People who : People who
have had at least one severe, blistering have had at least one severe, blistering sunburn as a child or teenager are at sunburn as a child or teenager are at increased risk of melanoma increased risk of melanoma
Ultraviolet (UV) radiationUltraviolet (UV) radiation – sunlight as – sunlight as well as tanning booths and sunlampswell as tanning booths and sunlamps
Family history or personal history of Family history or personal history of melanomamelanoma
Treatment of melanomaTreatment of melanoma
Surgery is main treatmentSurgery is main treatment Sometimes chemotherapySometimes chemotherapy
How to prevent skin How to prevent skin cancers?cancers?
Minimize exposure to the sun at Minimize exposure to the sun at midday - between the hours of 10 a.m. midday - between the hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. and 4 p.m.
Apply sunscreen, with at least an SPF-Apply sunscreen, with at least an SPF-30 or higher that protects against 30 or higher that protects against both UVA and UVB rays, to all areas of both UVA and UVB rays, to all areas of the body that are exposed to the sun. the body that are exposed to the sun.
Reapply sunscreen every two hours, Reapply sunscreen every two hours, even on cloudy days. Reapply after even on cloudy days. Reapply after swimming or perspiring. swimming or perspiring.
How to prevent skin How to prevent skin cancers?cancers?
Wear clothing that covers the body and Wear clothing that covers the body and shades the face – wear hat and shades the face – wear hat and sunglassessunglasses
Avoid exposure to UV radiation from Avoid exposure to UV radiation from sunlamps or tanning parlours. sunlamps or tanning parlours.
Protect children. Keep them from Protect children. Keep them from excessive sun exposure when the sun is excessive sun exposure when the sun is strongest (between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.), strongest (between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.), and apply sunscreen liberally and and apply sunscreen liberally and frequently to children 6 months of age frequently to children 6 months of age and older. and older.
Skin self checkSkin self check Monthly check for changes in moles Monthly check for changes in moles Stand in front of a mirror and check your skin for: Stand in front of a mirror and check your skin for:
Unusual discolorations Unusual discolorations Abnormal moles, looking for changes in: Abnormal moles, looking for changes in:
Colour Colour Shape Shape SizeSize
Check the hard-to-see areas: Check the hard-to-see areas: Under your arms Under your arms The soles of your feet The soles of your feet Between your toes Between your toes
Part your hair and check your scalp Part your hair and check your scalp Have your partner check your back for skin discolorations Have your partner check your back for skin discolorations
and changing moles and changing moles
About sunscreensAbout sunscreens
Sunscreen protects your skin by Sunscreen protects your skin by absorbing and reflecting ultraviolet absorbing and reflecting ultraviolet rays from the sun rays from the sun
SunscreensSunscreens
All sunscreens have a All sunscreens have a sun protection sun protection factor (SPF)factor (SPF) rating that indicates how rating that indicates how long a sunscreen remains effective on long a sunscreen remains effective on the skin. the skin.
If you normally develop a sunburn in 10 If you normally develop a sunburn in 10 minutes without wearing a sunscreen, a minutes without wearing a sunscreen, a sunscreen with an SPF of 15 will sunscreen with an SPF of 15 will protect you for 150 minutes — 10 protect you for 150 minutes — 10 minutes multiplied by the SPF of 15. minutes multiplied by the SPF of 15.
SunscreensSunscreens
Use a "broad spectrum" sunscreen – Use a "broad spectrum" sunscreen – one that protects against ultraviolet one that protects against ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB)
Use sunscreens with an SPF of at Use sunscreens with an SPF of at least 30. least 30.
Adults should cover their bodies in Adults should cover their bodies in enough sunscreen that would fill a enough sunscreen that would fill a shot glass and reapply every two shot glass and reapply every two hours. hours.
Laser treatmentLaser treatment
Not generally on the NHS!Not generally on the NHS! Useful for hair removal, thread Useful for hair removal, thread
veins, skin blemishes and scarsveins, skin blemishes and scars Important to select a clinic with Important to select a clinic with
good track recordgood track record
Take Home MessagesTake Home Messages
If you notice a new skin lesion that If you notice a new skin lesion that stays or an old one that starts stays or an old one that starts changing GET ADVICE.changing GET ADVICE.
Enjoy the Sun but with RESPECTEnjoy the Sun but with RESPECT IF you have a wart and you know it, IF you have a wart and you know it,
make your way to the nearest DIY make your way to the nearest DIY store and get some duct tapestore and get some duct tape
Above all, Smile a little andAbove all, Smile a little and Keep SafeKeep Safe