What if diseases and disorders such as schizophrenia, autism, Alzheimer's disease and cancer were on the verge of being cured?

Sources: http://www.redorbit.com/media/uploads/2013/04/GeneticEngineering_040913-617x416.jpg

Anjali Khatri G/T Independent Research

Howard High School Advisor: Mr. Stephen Smith

UMUC Professor of Synthetic Biology

Introduce a background knowledge of genetic engineering

Understand the Benefits of Genetic Engineering when used for medicinal purposes

Address the controversy of Genetic Engineering

Describe my Primary and Secondary Research Process

In1973, Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer invented DNA cloning

In 1988, the first transgenic plant was created ◦ used as a pharmaceutical

In 1996, Dolly was born

Cloning was made legal in the UK in 2002

In 2014, the first primates ever were genetically engineered

Sources: “Pollak” http://www.gokunming.com/en/blog/item/3218/genetically_modified_monkeys_an_mit_breakthrough_technology

Genetic Engineering is a very controversial practice

Promising medicinal research

Successful cases ◦ Mice with Dystrophy

◦ Dolly

◦ Mingming and Ningning

New frontiers ◦ Woolly Mammoth

Sources: “Larson” “Bushweller” http://static.comicvine.com/uploads/original/11113/111130081/3791774-0240815421-Wooll.png

Research Frontiers

◦ Medicinal Research was made for diseases with no cure Ex: Dystrophy was cured using genetic engineering

◦ Xenotransplantation

Other Uses

◦ Third world countries

Sources: “Larson,” “Hilchey,” “Perkins” http://nuffieldbioethics.org/wp-content/uploads/xenotransplantation-resized.jpg http://www.aljazeera.com/mritems/Images//2009/5/16/20095161482788580_8.jpg

Over 20 countries ban genetic engineering

Violation animal rights

Questions to consider: ◦ Are human lives more valuable than animal

lives?

◦ Is that why animals are genetically engineered for human research?

◦ What can be done to address these concerns?

Sources: http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/thumbs/488x272/files/zc/rally2_84106.jpg “Global Policies”

Different perspectives came from different interviews

Interviewed Anita Allen and Alexander Garza ◦ Presidential Commission on the Study of Bioethical

Issues

People disapprove of genetic engineering because of the lack of awareness

Regulation would raise awareness of benefits and goals

The university professors

◦ Legislation should be enacted against use of cosmetic genetic engineering

U.S. Food and Drug Administration

◦ There is a lack of regulation about genetic engineering

◦ The FDA does not want to limit research

Genetic Engineering is a very controversial topic

There are so many benefits, but with the benefits there are great cost

It is uncertain of whether there are methods around using genetic engineering

It is a very expensive research frontier

Is it worth it?

Questions?

“Global Policies on Human Cloning and Germline Genetic Engineering.” U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Protecting You and Your Health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 15 July 2010. Web. 12 Nov. 2014.

Bushweller, Kevin. "Frankenstein, Dolly, and Ethics." American School Board Journal. July 1998: 20-23. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 14 Oct. 2014.

Hilchey, Tim. “Genetic Therapy Found for Dystrophy in Mice.” New York Times [New York] 31 Aug. 1993: n. pag. Print.

Larson, Christina, and Amanda Schaffer. "Genome Editing. (Cover Story)." Technology Review 117.3 (2014): 26. Science Reference Center. Web. 11 Sept. 2014.

Perkins, Jerry. "Pig Designed to Be Perfect Human Organ Donor." Des Moines Register (Des Moines, IA). Feb. 17 2003: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher.Web. 09 Mar. 2015.

Pollak, Andrew. “F.D.A. Plans New Scrutiny in Areas of Biotechnology.” New York Times [New York] 18 Jan. 2001: n. pag. Newyorktimes.com. Web. 15 Oct. 2014. <http://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/18/us/fda-plans- new-scrutiny-in-areas-of-biotechnology.html>.