What is 6 Sigma

8/8/2019 What is 6 Sigma

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6-Sigma Process Quality

Measured Success..


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Six Sigma [a greek symbol ]represents standard deviation of

sample data

Coined by Bill SmithMotorola Engineer

Circa 1986

Standard deviation is a measure of Variance..


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Devil lies in the Variance

AnA

verage processOn Average can perform withinexpectation

But its inherent high varianceresults in failed customer

service

Consider guaranteed Pizza delivery within 30 minutes.. Where mean deliverytime is 24 minutes but SE is 3, such a process will have a large proportion of

delayed delivery ~ 31 % [being 2 sigma]


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Six Sigma is aboutcontrolling variance

Reduce Variance

.. Improve Performance

How many SE can youfit within customer

expectation?

How much does an SE translate into improved performance?


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How does 6W measure.

Sigma % Good % Bad DPMO

1 30.9% 69.1% 691,462

2 69.1% 30.9% 308,538

3 93.3% 6.7% 66,807

4 99.38

%0.62% 6,21

0

5 99.977% 0.023% 233

699.9997% 0.00034% 3.4


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This means a lot.

Many Times even 6 sigma is not good enough just imagine flying an airlinethat assures 6 Sigma on flight success!!

3W 6W~ 900 flights cancellations /

week - USA1 US flight cancellation / 3

weeks

Every hour 47,000 ISD callsdrop

The same number of dropswould take 2 years..

~ 11000 typos in 1 Harry

Potter Book

~ 7 typos in 1 Harry Potter

Book


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History of

Six Sigma


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History

De Moivre Creates normal Curve

1735

1815 Gauss Uses Normal Curve for erroranalysis, probability

1896

Wilfred Paretointroduces

80/20

1924

Walter A. Shewhart- control chart |

special vs. common

cause variation >>

process problems.

1949

US DOD

introduces FMEA

1960

IshiKawa

Diagram

1970s

Kano

Model1994

Larry Bossidy

Launches 6sigma @

allied Signal

1997

WIPRO -

India

1995Jack Welch -

GE

1986

Bill Smith 6Sigma @

Motorola

1941Alex Osborn of BBDO sets

brainstorming definitions


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Evolution of Quality

Time & motion Studies >> Frederick Taylor

1920

1930

Statistical Sampling Walter Shewhart

1960 Japan Quality Movement Taguchi / Ishikawa

1980 Total qualityTQM QualityCircles

1986

BPR Michael

Hammer

1940

Statistical

Sampling

techniques

Deming

1950

Statistical Process

control Juran

Deming

Feigenbaum

1970

Zero Defects Philip

Crosby

1990Bill Smith 6 Sigma -Motorola

1996Six Sigma GE


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Fundamentally..

Six Sigma


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1

Customer is Important

End Customers needs is Primary

Customers customerVoice of the Customer

PIE AnalysisCTQ based QFD

Ishikawa diagrams


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Measurement is key

Data & Fact driven management

measurement systems thattrack both results and

outcomes and Process,Input, and other predictive

factors.


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Evolve to excel.

Continuous Improvement

PDCAControl Systems

Knowledge systems

Improve every process constantly forever..


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Total Quality Approach

Quality is everything

Quality enhances the brandQuality drives growth & revenue

Quality can eliminate errors

Quality needs increasedawareness

End Proactive awarding of business on price tag alone-instead minimize totalcost


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Just do it..

Bring hands-on involved

approach to quality..

Institute training on the jobAdopt and institute

LeadershipDrive out fear

Break down barriersbetween staff areasEliminate Slogans,

exhortations and targetsfor workforce

Eliminate numerical quotas

Empoweremployees


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Leadership commitment

Top Down drive .

Bottom Up involvement

Act not MouthOn the shop floor


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Practicing 6 Sigma


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Application matrix..

Repetitive One Time

Executive

Innovative

Processes

DMAICCall-CentersBPO/KPO

Transactions.

Projects

DMADVSoftwareInfrastructure

New Launches

DMEDICar ModelsPharma - GenericsCell phonesHardware

New Products

IDDOVShuttlesPharma BFNew Products


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DMAIC

Focus on reducing variation

Thinking out of the box

Managing by output / data

Define Measure Analyze Improve Control

Opportunity/ project

Currentperformance

Root causes To eliminateroot causes

To sustaingains


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Tool Kit


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Overview

Define Measure Analyze Improve Control

Opportunity/ project

Currentperformance

Root causes To eliminateroot causes

To sustaingains

Benchmarking

FMEA

IPO Diagram

Kanos Model

Project Charter

SIPOC

QFD

VOC

Value StreamMapping

ConfidenceIntervals

MeasurementSystem Analysis

Nominal GroupTechnique

Pair-wise Ranking

Process Flow

Time Value Map

Value StreamMapping

Waste Analysis

Affinity DiagramBrainstormingIshikawae-testF-testFault TreeAnalysisFMEAHistogram

Historical DataAnalysisPareto ChartReality TreeRegression AnalysisScatter Diagramt-testThematic ContentAnalysisTukey EndCount Test5 Whys

DFSSDOEKanbanMistake ProofingPF/CE/CNX/SOPStandard WorkTakt TimeTOCTotal Productive

MaintenanceVisual MgmtWork Cell Design5S - workplace

Control Charts

Control Plan

Reaction Plan

Run Charts

Standard

OperatingProcedures


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Wh

o is believing?

Companies that have

implemented..


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Some Believers..


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Vishwanath Ramdas

Process and Business Consultant

Working in areas like ITSM, Softwaredevelopment, process consulting

Based in Bangalore [India]

Visit him @ http://gopu44.googlepages.com

Documents

What is 6 Sigma