What is a Frog?

An Introduction to Amphibians and Thermoregulation

Amphibia“two lived”

Gymnophiona(caecilians)

171 sp.

Urodela(salamanders)

556 sp.

Anura(frogs)

5285 sp.

Class Amphibia6,012 sp.*

Amphibian Traits

__________________

__________________

__________________

AQUATIC TERRESTRIAL

General Characteristics of Frogs

No _____________ Long ____________ Well developed

_______________

_____________

Getting your body heat from an _________________ (usually the sun)

________________ Having a ___________ body

temperatureChart A

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Body Temp (Celcius)

_____________ Getting your body heat from an

________ ______. You produce your own body heat.

______________

Having a __________ body temperature

Chart B

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Body Temp (Celcius)

Which is Better, Ectothermy or Endothermy?

Costs of Ectothermy

Less ____________

Limits ___________

Not always at _________

Benefits of Endothermy

More _____________

Can be _______ all the time

Always at ____________

Which is better, Ectothermy or Endothermy?

Benefits of Ectothermy

• Which is better? • Could go either way

Why care about body temperature?

Homeostasis Maintaining ___________________

_______________________ through behavioral or physiological responses

Thermoregulation Maintaining a _____________________

ThermoregulationWho cares about body temp?

Having a stable internal environment aids in ___________

Modes of Thermoregulation

______________

Modes of Thermoregulation

______________ Changing _______ to absorb more heat

How is thermoregulation important to frogs?

Water Regulation

Permeable skin – Don’t need to

“drink”

Desiccation – all dried up

Avoiding Predators ______________ Using __________ to hide from predators

Making Observations

Anthropomorphism and Preferences

Anthropomorphism

giving ___________________ to things that we can only observe.

Anthropomorphic Observations

“Penguins love the cold” “Dogs hate lettuce” These statements are incorrect

because they imply that we are able to observe _________

There is no way for us to really know how an animal feels or if it even has feelings.

How should we say these?

Observation: When Jim turns off the lights, his frog moves around much more.

Statement: “the frog likes the dark”

How should we say these?

Observation: A bird hides in a tree when the wind picks up.

Statement: “Birds hate the wind”

Anthropomorphic Observations

Why are they bad?

They introduce bias Errors in an experiment due to the

__________________ of the experimenter.

Example of Bias

Jane believes that lizards hate each other.

She sees a lizard bite another lizard. Jane concludes, “lizards hate each

other.” What is wrong with this conclusion? Can you think of a different one?

How to Avoid Anthropomorphism:

Preferences What is a preference? When an animal is given two or more options (be they different habitats, foods, mates, etc)

and _______________________ one over the others. How do we show whether an animal has

preferences or not? _______________________: For example if you took

everyone in the room and gave them the choice between dog food or a piece of fruit, almost all would choose the fruit. That is a preference.

Controlled Experiments:What is a fair Test?

Which is better, Taco Bell or Inn-N-Out?

“8th grade students like _____ the most”

So how do we make this a fair test?

Ted’s Experiment:

Ted is examining frog habitat preferences. He puts a frog on top of a piece of sand paper and the frog immediately jumps off. It then lands on a piece of yellow tape. Ted writes, “Frogs like yellow tape the best.”

1)Do you agree with his conclusions? 2)How would you state your conclusions?