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What is a storm?
Air is heated up creating low pressure Air rises Cools and condenses Air from high pressure move to low
pressure This air rises, “fueling” the storm Winds push the storm out to sea
What is a hurricane storm system low pressure center surrounding thunderstorms. Hurricanes strengthen over oceans What they are called depends on their
location of formation.Hurricane in the Atlantic oceanTropical cyclone in the Pacific and Indian oceansTyphoon in the Northwest Pacific oceanWilly Willies in Australia
How they form
Begins with a thunderstorm blown out to sea.
Then it must have: 1. ocean waters must be warm to put heat
and moisture into the overlying atmosphere2. moisture from sea water evaporation
must combine with that heat and energy 3. a wind pattern
hurricane takes in air from surrounding areas this new air replaces the lost old air
die out over land masses destructive force lie in their storm surges. also have some destructive force in their winds
and rains. The hurricanes spin counter clockwise in the
Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere**Due to coriolis effect, when rising it reverses*Winds become slower toward the poles theory
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjd9Fa1H9dg
How we measure hurricanes Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale
Category Wind speed Storm surge
mph(km/h)(kn)
ft.(m)
Five≥ 157(≥ 252(≥ 137)
> 18(> 5.5)
Four130–156(209–251)(113–136)
13–18(4.0–5.5)
Three111–129(178–208)(96–112)
9–12(2.7–3.7)
Two96–110(154–177)(83–95)
6–8(1.8–2.4)
One74–95(118–153)(64–82)
4–5(1.2–1.5)
Additional classifications
Tropicalstorm
39–73(63–117)(35–63)
0–3(0–0.9)
Tropicaldepression
0–38(0–62)(0–34)
0(0)
A hurricane is measured using the Saffir-Simpson scale
We measure their intensity through their wind speed and storm surge height.A storm surge is the rise of water
that is associated with an incoming storm.
Their anatomy Eye- low-pressure, center of the
hurricane Eye wall- area around the eye,
includes the most violent storms Rain Bands- thunderstorm bands
that circulate out from the eye Coriolis effect- natural
phenomenon that causes winds to veer right in the northern hemisphere and left in the southern due to spin
Rain shields- completely solid or nearly solid areas of rain that are heavier the closer to the eye
Random facts
After god Huracan Can release power up to the amount of
a couple of Atomic bombs Hurricane season during summer Naming
Originally only phonetic namesThen only womenChanged to alternateUsed to be named after saints
Their effect on waters Aquatic environments
Cause sediment erosion removing many habitats/homes
Salt water intrusion killing many freshwater fishFlood waters filled with many industrial products
that poison organismsFisheries can be totally destroyed by windsEffect on coastal ocean is the scraping of the
bottom due to large wavesLittle effect on open ocean due to tidal flowNormally can rebound in 3 years
Their effect on land
Terrestrial environmentsWetlands destroyed the most due to the
erosion or shift of barrier islandsMangrove forests destroyed by winds,
destroying many animal’s habitatsSea grass beds, which are for feeding and
nesting are often destroyedAlso causes massive damage to human
structures
Examples Bhola cyclone- 1970 in Bangladesh killed
300,000 to 500,000 though only Cat. 3 Galveston hurricane- 1900 in Galveston,
TX killed 6,000 cost 500 million dollars, destroyed 3,600 Cat. 4
Hurricane Katrina- Cat. 5, 1,833 killed, costliest hurricane in U.S. history 108 billion dollars http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s76Qn7bpCsQ
Detection/Prevention
Aircrafts- fly near the hurricane to collect information
Ships- measure the heat of the sea around the storm also collect information.
Satellites- take pictures showing the direction and speed of the storm also measure temperature and rainfall in and estimate its strength and course.
Detection/Prevention
Doppler radar- show location and intensity of precipitation and the wind motions
Levee prevent the floods from coming Reinforcing buildings help with strong
winds
Questions If I was on the southern coast of Brazil in fall
should I be worried about being hit by a hurricane?
Where are the most violent storms? How do hurricane’s destroy ocean life in the
coastal waters? What is the name of the scale we use to
measure hurricanes? Overview: http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=75qAgSuMbzA