What is a TMDL Project and Why Are We Conducting One on the

Root River?Root River Turbidity TMDL

Stakeholder’s Introduction Meeting

November 20th, 2008

Meeting Outline

• Part One: Project Introduction – MPCA– Background on TMDL process– Root River Turbidity TMDL Specifics

• Part Two: Project Details – Fillmore SWCD– Monitoring sites: responsibilities and

locations– Sampling protocol and equipment

• Break out session for questions and discussion

• Comment Box• Sign up for Stakeholder Advisory Group

Presentation Outline• What does ‘TMDL’ mean?• The TMDL Process

– How are waters assessed?– What makes a water impaired?– What are water quality standards?– What are designated uses?– What does a TMDL study entail?

• Root River Turbidity Impairments– What is turbidity?– Why are they impaired?

• What happens after the TMDL?

What does TMDL mean?

Total Maximum Daily Load

What ‘load’ of a pollutant can the water body take before it can’t be used for it’s designated uses?

The TMDL Process

Assess the state’s waters

List those that do not meet standards

Identify sources and reductions needed (TMDL study)

Implement restoration activities (Implementation Plan)

Evaluate water quality

How Does the MPCA Assess?1. Call for Data

– MPCA compiles data that has been collected from them, other state agencies, local government and volunteers

– Data must meet rigorous quality assurance protocols2. Data Analysis

– MPCA analyzes to identify potential impairments3. Professional Judgment Teams

– MPCA staff, data collectors, other regional and local experts

– Confirm or refine preliminary impairment listings4. Informational Meetings

– Held across state to review list and answer questions5. Public Notice and Comment Period6. US EPA Approval to place on Impaired Waters

303(d) List• This happens every two years

What is “Impaired”?

• A water is “impaired” or polluted if it does not meet one or more of the water quality standards

• Therefore, they are “impaired” for one or more of their designated uses

• As of 2008, MN has 1,475 impairments on 336 rivers and 510 lakes

What Are Water Quality Standards?

• Define how much of a pollutant can be in a water and still let it meet its designated uses

• Water Quality Standards from EPA Criterion– state can adopt more stringent, or more lenient

standard based on local information– state can develop standard for something EPA has

not if there is a need (ex: certain herbicides in MN)

What Are Designated Uses?

• Each MN stream and lake was assigned a designated beneficial use in the 1970s

• Some uses: aquatic life, recreation, drinking water, agriculture, wildlife, other

• Aquatic Life – ‘fishable’ – all reaches impaired in the Root

River are impaired for aquatic life

Root River Outfitters

Aquatic Life in the Root Watershed

Brown Trout

Brook Trout

Small Mouth Bass

Caddis fly larvae

Stone fly larvae

Dragon fly larvae

Crayfish

Red tail hawk

Directly dependant on aquatic life:

Swallow

Mussels

The TMDL Study

• Identifies sources of a pollutant and sets reductions needed to meet designated use

What is a TMDL?• Total Maximum Daily Load

– Process: 2-4 years of technical study– Number: calculation of the maximum

amount of a pollutant the water body can receive and still meet water quality standards

– Results in a pollution reduction plan• Identifies sources (point and non-point) and

allocates reductions

Total Maximum Daily Load =

Non Point Source Loads + Point Source Loads + Margin of Safety + Reserve Capacity

Point Sources Non Point Sources

Point Sources Non Point Sources

Map out current sources-why is the water not meeting the water quality standards?

Implement strategies to reduce load and meet water quality standards

IMPLEMENTATION

IDENTIFICATION(TMDL STUDY)

Why Do A TMDL?

• Federal requirement under the Clean Water Act – State required to identify and restore impaired

waters

• Public support for clean water is strong-Clean Water, Land and Legacy Amendment

• Restores beneficial uses of surface waters• Protects community assets and quality of life

– development potential – protects property values– tourism benefits– opportunity for local leadership

Root River Turbidity TMDL

• 11 turbidity listings affecting aquatic life– listed on 2008 impaired waters list

• Contract between MPCA and Fillmore County SWCD– sub contracts with:

• DNR (fisheries and waters); modeling portion

• 3 years of technical study (2008-2010)• Final report due June 2011

Turbidity• Measure of water clarity (transparency

tube)• Indicator of water quality• Caused by suspended and dissolved

matter– clay, silt, organic matter and algae

• Measured in NTUs (Nephelometric Turbidity Units)– 25 NTU is State standard

• High levels limit light penetration in water– Can inhibit aquatic plant growth, fish gill

function, damage spawning habitat, make it difficult for aquatic organisms to find food

5, 50, 500 NTUs

1.5 cm

>60 cm

Turbidity Visuals

~0-3 NTU

~0-3 NTU

~12-20 NTU

~12-30 NTU??

Sources of Turbidity

1. Erosion:– construction sites– stream banks– farm fields

2. Urban run off during precipitation events

3. Bottom feeders such as carp

4. Excessive algal growth

4 3

1

1

2

1

1. Root River Main Stem - Thompson Creek to Mississippi River 2. Root River South Fork - T102 R9W S26, west line to Wisel Creek 3. Money Creek - T105 R7W S21, north line to Root River 4. Root River South Branch - Willow Creek to Camp Creek 5. Root River South Branch - Canfield Creek to Willow Creek 6. Root River South Branch – T102 R12W S21, north line to Canfield

Creek 7. Judicial Ditch #1 – Unnamed Creek to South Branch Root River 8. Forestville Creek - Unnamed Creek to South Branch Root River 9. Root River South Branch – Headwaters to T102 R12W S16, south line 10. Root River North Branch – Unnamed Creek to Mill Creek 11. Root River North Branch – Headwaters to Carey Creek

Listings for Turbidity in the Root River

1

2

3

4-9

1011

How were the Root Riverturbidity listings assessed?

• For transparency, a transparency tube measurement of less than 20 centimetersindicates a violation of the 25 NTU turbidity standard. For TSS, a measurement of more than60 mg/L in the Western Corn Belt Plains eco-region indicates a violation.

• Turbidity is a highly variable water quality measure. Because of this variability, and the use of

TSS and transparency as surrogates, a total of 20 independent observations (rather than 10)are now required for a turbidity assessment. If sufficient turbidity measurements exist, onlyturbidity measurements will be used to determine impairment. If there are insufficient turbiditymeasurements, any combination of independent turbidity, transparency, and total suspendedsolids observations may be combined to meet assessment criteria. If there are multipleobservations of a single parameter in one day, the mean of the values will be used in theassessment process.

• If there are observations of more than one of the three parameters in a single day, the hierarchyof consideration for assessment purposes will be turbidity, then transparency, then total

suspended solids. For a water body to be listed as impaired for turbidity, at least 3observations and 10% of observations must be in violation of the turbidity standard. This is an increase in the number of violations required, which was previously 10% of 10 required

observations.

From MPCA’s Guidance Manual for Assessing the Quality of Minnesota’s Surface Waters:

Transparency tube data: need 10% to list, had 21% at Money Creek (25 exceedences of the 25 NTU standard)

From the Document: Data Summary Report, 305b/303d Preliminary Assessments. 2008 Assessment Cycle, MPCA

Identification of sources(TMDL study)

Point Sources Non Point Sources

What happens after the study?...

Assessed Listed

What Happens After the TMDL study?

• TMDL Implementation Plan– Strategy for implementing practical

management measures for the Root River to achieve needed reductions to restore water quality

• Some examples of implementation strategies:(from Lower Cannon River Turbidity TMDL)– Erosion Control: ex. conservation tillage– Landscape Buffers– Rotational Grazing– Cover Crops– Water Retention Projects– Urban Stormwater Management– Point Source Permits Evaluation

What Makes a Good TMDL study?

• Citizen involvement is a key component to a successful TMDL

• Need local expertise to develop a management strategy that will work for the area

http://www.pca.state.mn.us/data/edaWater/index.cfm

For More Information on Monitoring Sites as Data Comes In: Environmental Data Access:

Root River Watershed North Boundary

End of Part One

Part TwoJoe Magee – Fillmore SWCD