What is academic literature? · What is academic literature? Dr. B. Pochet Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech – Liège university (Belgium) 2 ... Journal of the American Society for Information

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What is academic literature?

Dr. B. Pochet

Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech – Liège university (Belgium)

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The support of this training are there:

http://infolit.be/write

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The concept of information literacy

(Nichole Ackerman Martin, 2014)

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Main objectives

✔ Understand the processes of the academic literature, measure its:➔ ethics aspects➔ economic aspect➔ technical aspects

... to know what we're looking for✔ Discover the extended literature search tools :

➔ their diversity➔ their languages

... to understand how to search✔ Train critical analysis

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Main objectives

✔ Find your place, as a reader and as an author, in the network of academic communication;

✔ Be able to synthesize and restore the information obtained;✔ Integrate the main rules for writing a bibliography;✔ Understand the principles and rules of writing a scientific paper;✔ Write the different parts of an article;✔ Avoid the problems usually encountered (systematic causes of

rejection).

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Your motivation?✔ Are objectives clear?✔ Is the training useful for you?✔ Are you really concerned about this training?✔ Are you able to take this training?

… you’re motivated!

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Scientific communication is:

✔ Processes✔ Documents✔ Bibliometry and quality evaluation✔ Publication and diffusion✔ Bibliographic tools (to find the documents)

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The processes

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Some processes

✔ Research process➔ From the research question to the answer

✔ Publication process➔ From submission to the diffusion

✔ Extended research process➔ From the question to the answer ...

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the research process

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the publication process

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the extended literature search process

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Do you see the distinction between?

• A Book: Walsh, J., 2011. Information literacy instruction: selecting an effective model. Oxford: Chandos Publishing.

and• An edited book: Chuanfu C. & Ronald L. eds., 2014. Library and

Information Sciences: Trends and Research. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

• Containing chapters: Phelps J.V. et al., 2014. A group discussion on information literacy. In: Chuanfu C. & Ronald L. eds. Library and Information Sciences: Trends and Research. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 21–28.

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And between?

• A chapter in an edited book (the same): Phelps J.V. et al., 2014. A group discussion on information literacy. In: Chuanfu C. & Ronald L. eds. Library and Information Sciences: Trends and Research. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 21–28.

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and

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• An article in a Journal: Detlor B. et al., 2011. Learning outcomes of information literacy instruction at business schools. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 62(3), 572–585.

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Why metrics?

✔ The origin is the « Publish or perish » injunction to the researchers :

➔ Publication = evaluation of research(ers)➔ Importance of being able to measure the "value of the production"

✔ The primary (oldest) tool is the “Impact factor”➔ Count a number of citations of papers of a journal ➔ Does not measure quality but number of citations➔ Inequality between domains (biotechnology ++)➔ Essentially Anglo-Saxon journals➔ Never give a level of quality of a paper/scientist!

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28 papers with 0 citation !

IF can never be attributed to a paper!

= IF 2015

the impact factor is a mean (number of citations divided by number of papers produced)

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Other bibliometric tools

✔ Scopus (owned by …. Elsevier)✔ The tools who use Google Scholar data✔ The alt-metrics based on:

✔ blogs✔ downloads✔ Tweets✔ Facebook posts✔ ...

2424Citation count to create metrics (// IF)

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SJR = a free access tool to know the ranking and the visibility (citations!) of a scientific journal

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= most cited papers

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= top 100 ranking

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H index ?

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...

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In summaryFor a journal We use:➔ Impact Factor➔ SJR (Scimago Journal Ranking) & CiteScore (Scopus)➔ Top 100 H5 Google Scholar Ranking

For a Paper We use:➔ Citations count in: Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar…➔ Altmetrics

For a researcher We use:➔ Google Scholar Personal page➔ Scopus Personal page➔ the H index (originally computed to select physics teachers)➔ Never Impact Factor!

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Publication and diffusion

✔ The most used: ➔ type of document is a journal article➔ language is English➔ the format is electronic format

✔ there is also grey literature (reports, research notes, theses…) which is: ➔ not always electronic➔ also an important source of information➔ Sometimes hard to find...

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There are about 25-30.000 journals to disseminate the science in the world.The first three publishers nearly represent 30% of all that is published. Is there abuse of dominance? … certainly!

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subscription fees increase every year (between 5 and 10%)

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✔ Why continue to buy items we write ourselves???✔ Why continue to outsource the sharing of our knowledge to

commercial third parties???

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Why continue to buy items we write ourselves???

One solution, the Open Access (1990) & two ways

the gold way the green way

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what's the difference between the gold way and the green way?

the gold way the green way- Direct publishing in OA - Deposit (by author) in an open - Article Processing Charge (APC) repository (with the permission for some titles (30%) of the publisher)

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We’ll discuss Open Access in We’ll discuss Open Access in the next modulethe next module

Open Access is part of Open Open Access is part of Open ScienceScience

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For information retrieval (extended literature search), We have:

Discovery tools➔ Primo for de ULiège Library

Scientific search engines➔ Google Scholar (= Google for scholarly publication)➔ Bielefeld Academic Search engine (= only for Open Access Documents)➔ Dimensions (Digital Science)➔ Microsoft Academic Search➔ WorldWideScience (U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information)➔ CORE (Aggregating the world’s open access research papers)

General Bibliographic Databases➔ Scopus (Elsevier)➔ Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics)

Specialized Bibliographic Databases (in your field of research): free or not

$$

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! Scopus is not a free database (+/_ 30.000 $/year for a medium size university)

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Where to find the links to these bibliographic databases?Where to find the links to these bibliographic databases?On my blog, there is one page (in french, sorry) called: ToolboxOn my blog, there is one page (in french, sorry) called: Toolbox→ → http://infolit.be/baohttp://infolit.be/bao

http://infolit.be/bao

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What is the best way to use the bibliographic tools?

We’ll see the best way in a next module!