Chapter 1: Sections 1Objectives: • Identify five traditional areas of study in chemistry • Relate pure chemistry to applied chemistry

What is Chemistry?• Definition • Matter

• Example of Invisible and Visible

Types of Chemistry• Organic Chemistry

• Inorganic Chemistry

• Biochemistry

• Physical Chemistry

• Analytical Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

• Alfred Nobel (1833-1896) • Discovered that nitroglycerin could be used as an

explosive. • Unfortunately, Alfred’s brother was killed in an explosion,

leading Alfred to mix the nitroglycerin with silica powder to make it safer

• This mixture became known as dynamite • When he died in 1896 he left his fortune to set up the

Nobel Foundation, which now grants the prestigious Nobel Prizes.

Inorganic Chemistry• Gilbert N. Lewis (1875-1946) • In 1923 he formulated his electron-pair

theory of acid-base reactions. • In 1926 Lewis coined the term

“photon” for the smallest unit of radiant energy.

• Lewis was also the first to produce a pure sample of deuterium oxide (heavy water).

Analytical Chemistry• Paul Flory (1910-1985) • In 1974 he was awarded the

Nobel prize for his work in polymer science. Polymers are molecules made up of repeating units.

• He also defined a method to convert Cartesian coordinates to generalized coordinates called the Flory Convention.

Physical Chemistry• Leo Szilard • Szilard in 1932 conceived an idea in

which atomic power would be harnessed in a neutron chain reaction.

• Otto Frisch • In 1939 Frisch observed the fission, or

the splitting of a neuron. • Many scientists contributed to

producing nuclear fission in chain reactions

• On July 16th the US successfully tested the first atomic bomb in Trinity, AZ.

Biochemistry• Martin Chalfie • Osamu Shimomura • Roger Tsien • Discovered the green fluorescent protein

in jellyfish, and received the Nobel Prize in 2008

Pure or Applied Chemistry?

• Developing a shampoo to be used with dry or damaged hair

• Determining the conditions required for materials to burn

• Figuring out the general structure of materials such as cotton and silk

• Designing a large scale method for producing nylon • Explaining why water expands when it freezes

BIG IDEAS1. Chemistry as the Central Science

2. Electrons and the Structure of Atoms

3. Bonding and Interactions

4. Reactions

5. Kinetic Theory

6. The Mole and Quantifying Matter

7. Matter and Energy

8. Carbon Chemistry