What is first aid?

the kind of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.

the initial( 最初的 ) care of a suddenly sick or injured person.

the care administered( 实施 ) by a person as soon as possible after an accident or illness.

…

Why is first aid important?

The prompt care sometimes draws the line between life and death.

The prompt attention draws the line between a full or partial recovery.

…

main aims of first aid

To preserve( 维持 ) life

To protect the casualty( 伤亡 ) from further harm

To relieve( 减轻 ) pain

…

first-aid-kit

bandage

an ambulance

related words & expressionsrelated words & expressions

1. _____________ 2. ______________sprained ankle burning clothes

3. _______________ 4. _______________a nose bleed choking

blood n. 血液

bleed v. 流血

bloody adj. 出血的

bandage n. 绷带

injury n. 伤害，损伤

injure vt. 受伤

injured adj. 受伤的

wound n/vt. 伤口wounded adj 受伤的

disinfector n. 消毒剂

ointment n. 药膏；油膏

sprain v. 扭伤

sprained adj. 扭伤的

ankle n. 踝关节

sling n. 钩悬带

choke v. 窒息 , 哽住

slap v. 拍 , 掌击 , 拍击

pinch v. 捏

Discuss in groups and describe the following pictures by using two or three sentences

a snake bite bleeding a sprained ankle

choking a broken arm a bloody nose

4

How to do rescue breathing? Please put them into the right order!

7

1

2

3

4

5

68

put into recovery position

clear airwaycheck if conscious

check if breathing

blow into mouth and watch for breathing

check pulse

continue rescue breathing

put into recovery position

1.Find out the differences between “injury, wound, hurt, and damage”

2.Pre-view “reading passage”

What has happened?

What sort of injuries the child will have?

What kind of first aid would you perform?

Place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes.

Take clothing off the burned area unless it is stuck to the burn.

Take off other clothing and jewellery near burns.

Dip the burns under cool water to stop the pain and prevent or reduce swelling.

Place cool, clean, wet cloths on burns until the pain is not so bad.

If the injuries are second degree or third degree burns, get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.

Fast reading

1. What will the passage be about?

2. What do they tell you about the passage?

First aid for burns.

Causes, types, characteristics and first aid treatment for burns.

3. In which order are these topics covered in the text? Number them from 1 to 5.

____ the three types of burns

____ what to do if someone gets burned

____ the purpose of skin

____ the symptoms of burns

____ how we get burns

1

2

3

4

5

Read the text again and then find out how many parts there are and the main idea of each part:

Part1.

Part2.

Part3.

Part4

part5

The purpose / function of skin

Causes of burns

Types of burns: First degree burns,

Second degree burns, Third degree burns

Characteristics of burns

First aid treatment

hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, chemicals

Detailed reading

Tell if the following statements are true or false:

1. Our skin has three layers.

2. We will never get burned by the sun.

3. Burns are divided into three degrees according to the degree of pain.

4. Third degree burns are the most serious and painful.

5. Put cool water on any burns to cool them.

6. Don’t rub the burns

7. It’s better that you put some butter or oil on burns.

1.If someone has a third degree burn, why might you see tissue?

A.There is no skin on it any more.

B. It affects the second layer of the skin.

C. It affects all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin.

D. It is very severe and the victim must get to a hospital at once.

2. Why should you put cold water on a burn?

A.To stop the burning process.

B. To stop the pain

C. To prevent or reduce swelling

D. All of the above

3. What is the main purpose of the text?

A. To tell us the causes of burns.

B. To explain the three types of burns.

C. To show the symptoms of burns.

D. To tell us what to do if someone gets burnt.

The purpose of skin:

1)Protect you against , and

;2) Keep you or ;

3) Prevent you from ;

4) Give you .

losing water

sense of touch

warm cool

diseases poisons

the sun’s harmful rays

Type Effect Example

First

degree

burns

Affect both the top and the second layer of the skin.

Burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires.

Affect only the top layer of the skin.

Seconddegreeburns

Thirddegreeburns

mild sunburn, burns caused by touching a hot pan or iron for a moment

Severe sunburn, burns caused by hot liquids

Affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin.

First degree Burns

Second degree burns

Third degree burns

type

1. Get the victim to the doctor or hospital

Treatment

3. Place cool, clean, wet clothes on them until the pain is not so bad.

2. Keep cloths cool by putting them back in the cold water; squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.

Label these pictures with first degree burn, second degree burn and third degree burn.

A______________

B___________

C_______________

first degree burn

second degree burn third degree burn

Discuss the following situations:

1. Sam knocked over a kettle full of boiling water onto his legs. His legs became red, swollen and covered with blisters. Sam broke the blisters and poured icy water from the fridge onto the skin.

2. While ironing clothes, Miss Good accidentally touched the iron. Her wrist blistered and became watery. It hurt a lot. She put her wrist under the cold water tap and then kept placing cool, clean, damp cloths on it until it was less painful. Then she went to see the doctor.

3. Mrs Casey’s sleeve caught fire while she was cooking. Her arm looked terrible but it didn’t hurt. The skin was charred. Her husband took off her blouse and picked off bits of the blouse stuck to the burn. He then placed butter on the burn and covered it with a wet bandage.

4. After an hour in the sun, Lily noticed her arms were red and hurt a bit. She went home and put them under running water.

Words competitionExample: p s o i o n

t e m e n t r a t

e j l l e y r w e

i u j r n y

p t o m y s m

r a g o n

s e e q u z e

s l l o e n w

i l d m

l e r t e c i c

poison

treatment

jewellery

injury

symptom

organ

squeeze

swollen

mildelectric

1. The first kind of help you give someone who has had an accident. _______

2.A piece of clean material that you put on a wound. _________

3.When someone has something caught in their throat, we say that are _______.

4. A line of light from the sun of other radiation.__________

first aid

bandage

choking

ray

5. If an injury hurts a lot we say that it is _________.

6. A characteristic of a second degree burn, ball-like bleb. ________

7.You can slow bleeding by applying _______ to the wounds

8.The special car that takes someone to hospital. _________ .

painful

blister

pressure

ambulance

Search as much information as you can about first aid

http://www. healthy. net/clinic/first aid/http://kids health. org/parent/first aid_ safe/

1. You skin also keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain; and it gives you your sense of touch.

keep you warm or cool 为 keep 复合结构，

即 keep+ 宾语 + 宾补。使处于某种状态……。宾补除由形容词充当之外，还可用名词，现在分词，过去分词，介词短语，副词来充当。

This coat will keep you warm.This story will keep the children

amused.The illness kept her in hospital.I’m sorry to keep you waiting.

prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

What can we do to prevent this disease spreading?She was prevented from taking the exam by illness.

sense of touch 触觉sense of sight 视觉 sense of hearing 听觉sense of taste 味觉 sense of smell 嗅觉sense of humour 幽默感 sense of beauty 美感sense of direction 方向感 sense of urgency 紧迫感

2. Burns are called first degree, second degree or third degree, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.

depending on which layers of the skin are burned 为现在分词短语作伴随状语。

Charles Darnay left France, preferring to give up his fortune.

depend on 相信，依赖，依靠

You can’t depend on John-he nearly always arrive late.

The country depends heavily on its tourist trade.

The amount you pay depends on where you live.

3. Examples include burns by electric shocks, burning clothes or severe petrol fires. 例如由电击引起的烧伤，因衣服起火引起的烧伤，或由汽油起火引起的烧伤。

electric (1) 用电的，电动的 an electric clock 电钟 an electric fire 电炉 (2) 电的，发电的，带电的 electric power 电力 an electric storm 电闪雷鸣般的暴风雨 (3) 令人兴奋的 His speech had an electric effect on the crowd.

词语辨析 :

electricelectricalelectricity

电的 , 发电的 , 由电产生的 , 用于导电的 .有关电的 , 与电有关的 .

电 , 电力 . 电力学

E.g. electric generator 发电机 , electric cooker 电炉 , electric iron 电熨斗 , electric engineer 电机工程师

4. Take clothing off the burned are unless it is stuck to the burn. 除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把它脱掉。

take off (1) 脱下，脱掉 Take your coat off. (2) 休假，歇…… (天 )假 Take a few days off, Michael.

(3) 开始有成就，开始成名 It was at this point that her acting career real

ly took off. (4) 升空，起飞 The plane took off so smoothly that the pas

sengers could hardly feel it.

5. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in the cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until pain is not so bad.

对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需把湿布放回冷水中，拧出水后放在烧伤面上，这样要反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。

squeeze (1) vt. 压，挤，榨 He squeezed her arm sympathetically.

(2) vt. 压出，挤出，榨出，用于 squeeze +n.+adv.&prep She squeezed the water out of the sponge.

(3) vi. 挤入，塞，用于 squeeze+ adv./prep. squeeze+adj.+adv./prep. Is the car full or can I squeeze in?He was so fat that he could not just squee

ze through the door.

Stick 的几种用法 :

Stick sth. on (sth.) 贴在… .. 上 Stick a label on your suitcase.

Stick sth. to (sth.) 粘在… .. 上 Stick the glue to my fingers.

Stick sth in (sth.) 陷在… . 里 Stick the key in the mud.

Over and over again; over again

over and over again: = again and again, repeatedly, many times, once and again, over and over 一再 , 再三 ,许多次

over again: = once more / once again 再一次

I have told you over and over again not to do that.

He didn’t understand, so I had to say it over and over again.

I didn’t quite catch you. Would you please read it over again.

Example:

in place

1). In the proper or usual position. 在适当的地方 .She likes everything to be in place before she starts work.As soon as all the chairs are in place, we can let the people in.2). In existence and ready to be used. 准备好投入使用 .The new regulations made by the king are now in place.

( 反义 : out of place)

in place of 代替 , in the place of 在… .. 地方 , take place 发生 , take the place of 代替… ., take one’s place 就位 .

Learning about langua

ge

Discovering useful words and expressions:

1

Complete the table with the correct verbs, nouns or adjectives.

1

Verb Noun Adjective

injury

poisonous

burn

swollen

damage

treatment

wounded

infect

injure injured

poison poison

burn burning/burnt

swell swelling

damage damaged

treat treatable

wound wound

infection infectious/infected

Reading the words in the chart, students discuss with their partner and give there answers.

1. What do you notice about some of the verb/noun pairs?

2. What do you notice about many of the adjectives?

discover the rules

In some of them the verb is the same as the noun.

Many end in –ed.

The past participle of a verb is often used as an adjective. For example, he showed the doctor his injured leg.

Complete the questions with words from the text.

1 When do you need to know about______ ______?

When someone suddenly falls ill or has an accident.

2 What is the ______ that protects you against diseases

and the sun’s rays? The skin.

3 What are some of the _______ of burns? Hot liquids,

steam, fire, radiation and the sun.

4 What are the _______________ of first degree burns? They are dry, red and mildly swollen.

2

first aid

organ

causes

characteristics

5 What may cause the third degree burns? Severe petrol

fires or ________ shocks.

6 How do you stop the ________ of burning? By running cool water over the burn.

A B C

electric

pain

Is your home safe?

P72

First Aid KitYou may hope that an emergency never occurs, but if it does, you need to be prepared. Part of being prepared is keeping an appropriately( 适当地） stocked and maintained first aid kit. Possession of an adequate first aid kit will equip you to provide emergency assistance if required. First aid kits can contain different contents, depending on your specific requirements and situation. The best first aid kits are ones that take in to account the specific uses that the kit may be used for. If you are in a remote area the contents of the kit will vary for the kit that you keep at home in the city.A first aid kit should be kept at home, in your car and at you workplace.

Making a first-aid kitA well-stocked( 存备得好的 ) first-aid kit, kept in easy reach, is necessary in every home. It should include:

•bandage

•soap •sharp scissors

•thermometer

•plastic gloves (at least 2 pairs)

•flashlight

•alcohol

•your list of emergency phone numbers…

Making a first-aid kit

…

emergency medical service

fire department police department

parent(s) at work, including cell phone & pager

neighbour or relative

120119

110

Work in pairs to act out Work in pairs to act out how to place an how to place an

emergency call for helpemergency call for help

How to place an emergency call for help

• dial the emergency number

• tell your name and number

• make a short description of the emergency

…

Unit 5 First aid

Using language

Heroic Teenager Receives Award

where can you most probably read this passage?

A. In a novel B. In a guide book

C. In a newspaper D. In an essay√√

Read the headline and the lead, then answer the following questions.

1) Who? ____________________________________

2) What? _____________________________________

3) Where? _____________________________________

4) When? _____________________________________

5) Why? _____________________________________

______________________

teenager John Janson

honored at the Lifesaver Awards

in Rivertown

last night

for carrying on first aid on a neighbor after a knife attack

Put these events in the right order.

_____ The attack ran away._____Anne was attacked and started to scream._____John performed first aid on Anne._____John was studying in his house._____The ambulance arrived._____John ran outside with his father._____John found Anne in her garden with terrible knife wounds.

4

261735

present

ceremony

bravery

What are the Chinese meaning of them?

put their hands on

towels

pressureambulanceA number of

Find out the new words in the reading passage

Read the article carefully and find out the answers to the following questions.

1. What did John do when he heard the screaming?

2. What happened to Anne?

3. What saved Ms Slade’s life?

4. What first aid did John perform on Anne?

5. What adjectives would you use to describe John’s actions? Give at least three.

detailed reading

1. What did John do when he heard the screaming?

2. What happened to Anne?

3. What saved Ms Slade’s life?

He was studying in his room.

She had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily.It was John’s quick action and knowledge of the first aid that saved her life.

3. What first aid did John perform on Anne?

4. What adjectives would you use to describe John’s actions? Give at least three.

John dressed Ms Slade’s in juries with tea towels and applied pressure to the wounds to slow the bleeding.

Brave, heroic, courageous, quick-thinking, quick-minded, helpful, fearless, unselfish, confident

5. What adjectives would you use to describe John’s actions? Give at least three.

brave, heroic, courageous, quick-thinking, helpful, warm-hearted, unselfish, fearless, confident

After we learnt this unit, After we learnt this unit, especially after learning thespecially after learning this passage,do you think it iis passage,do you think it is worthwhile to take a cous worthwhile to take a course in first aid? Give reasorse in first aid? Give reasonsns

Language Points

1. John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards …

honour sb: 表扬某人，给某人荣誉

尊敬某人，使感到荣幸

He was honoured in many ways for his contributions to the country.

I feel highly honoured by your trust.

2. John was presented with this reward at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.

present (1) vt. 颁发，授予 present sth. to sb. 颁发……给某人 present sb. with sth. 授予某人…… When Mr Brown left the firm, the director pre

sented a gold watch to him/ him with a gold watch.

(2) vt. 提出，呈递 When are the committees presenting their re

port?

1. When Mr Brown left the company, the director presented a gold watch to him.

2. …, … present him with a gold watch.

布朗先生离开这家公司时，董事长赠给他一块金表。

3. He present a silver cup to the winner.

他把银杯颁给了获胜者。

3. There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking … 毫无疑问…

There is no doubt that he will succeed. 毫无疑问，他会成功。

doubt: n/v 怀疑；疑惑；疑问 I have no doubt at all who did it.

后接从句时 , doubt 后接 whether/if, no doubt 后接 that I doubt whether /if he will keep his promise. There is still some doubt whether/if he will come.

3. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.

a knowledge of 知道，了解，具有……知识

He has a good knowledge of English.

make a/some/no difference

有一些/没有什么区别 It doesn’t make any difference to me whe

ther you go or stay.

1. The rain made a great difference to this football

match.

这场雨对这场足球比赛有很大的影响。

2. It makes no difference to me where you come from.

你从什么地方来对我来说没有什么关系。

Homework1. Do the translation exercise of Unit 5 in the Workbook (on P71).

2. Read the passage and do the comprehending exercises on P72 in the Workbook.

3. Review the important words and expressions in Unit 5.

4. Do the exercises of Unit5 in English Newspaper.

Discuss the following questions in groups of four. After the discussion, each group select a spokesperson to present their views.

Discussion

1. Do you think John was silly or brave to get involved in the situation? Give reasons.

2. Would you think it is worthwhile to take a course in first aid? Give reasons.

3. What if the attacker had still been at the scene of the stabbing?

4. What if the attacker had gone but had been returned to the woman?

5. What if the woman had AIDS?

6. What if John had performed first aid on the woman but she died anyway? How would he feel about having tried to help her?

Imagine that you want to provide first aid courses. In pairs, write a letter to your principle politely asking whether he or she could organize them. Use the outline and instructions to help you.

Dear ________,

Our class had been studying a unit on first aid_________________________.

Even though the unit has been very interesting and useful, ___________________________

We would like to request that ____ ______________________. We think that a first aid course at the school ________________.

Your sincerely,

____________

Write your principal’s name.

Say why the first aid unit has been useful.

Say why you would like a first aid course.

Say what you want the principal to do.

Say again why a first aid course would be a good thing to do.

Sing your names.

Grammar – Ellipsis

The reading passage is a text from a book called First Aid for the Family. It is a quite-reference book which is organized under headings in such a way that readers can quickly find the information they want. In this type of text, it is common for information to be in note form. It is also common that ellipsis is used in giving instruction. The article the is often omitted in the instructions under “First aid treatment”, for example, cover burnt area instead of cover the burnt area; hold bandage in place instead of hold the bandage in place.

1. Haven’t seen you for ages.

 2. Some more tea?

3. Sounds like a good idea.

Now it’s your turn to find out what have been left out.

I haven’t seen you for ages

Would you like some more tea?

That / It sounds like a good idea.

4. Doesn’t matter.

5. Sorry to hear that.

6. Pity you couldn’t come.

It doesn’t matter.

I’m sorry to hear that.

It’s/What a pity you couldn’t come.

7. This way, please.

8. Terrible weather!

9. Joining us for a drink?

10. Going to the supermarket?

  Step this way, please.

What terrible weather it is!

Are you joining us for a drink?

  Are you going to the supermarket?

In groups, look at these pairs of sentences(page 37)

Discuss the difference between A and B in each pair

1

2 Rewrite these sentences taking out the unnecessary parts.

1. The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.

2. A boy was on the left side of the sick woman, and a girl was on the right side of the sick woman

( )

) (____

3. She has a daughter who is in hospital.

4. He went to the doctor because he had to go to the doctor .

( )

( _)

5 Did she pass the first aid test that she did yesterday or didn’t she pass?

6 She could not decided whether to send him to hospital or not to send him to hospital .

7 When your nose is bleeding, you should bend forward so that the blood runs out of your nose and the blood doesn’t run down your throat.

8 Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students haven’t done a first aid course .

1) The cottage surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government.

2) The first book I read this term was more interesting than the second.

3.Rewrite each sentence including the missing words.

The cottage (that is) surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government.

The first book I read this term was more interesting than the second (book I read this term).

3) To her teacher’s surprise, she did better in her first aid exam than expected.

4) I don’t think they have returned from the hospital, but they might have.

To her teacher’s surprise, she did better in her first aid exam than (it was) expected.

I don’t think they have returned from the hospital, but they might have ( returned from the hospital).

5) He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didn’t.

6) You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to.

He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didn’t (want to help the accident victim).

You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to (borrow my first aid notes).

为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。(1) (I) Beg your pardon.

(2) (It) Sounds like a good idea.

(1) (Is) Anybody here

(2) (Is there) Anything I can do for you

A: Where has Mr Smith gone?

B: Sorry, I don’t know (where he has gone.)

主语

谓语或谓语的一部分

宾语

(1) (Are you) Hungry?

(2) (I want) Orange juice, please.

(1) A:Would you like to come to the party?

B: I’d love to (come the party.)

主语 和谓语

不定式后省略动词