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What is Geography?. Unit 1 Chapter 1. Vocabulary. Location Absolute Location Hemisphere Grid System Relative Location Place Region Formal Region Functional Region Perceptual Region. Ecosystem Movement Human Environment Interaction Physical Geography Human Geography - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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What is Geography?Unit 1
Chapter 1
Vocabulary• Location• Absolute Location• Hemisphere• Grid System• Relative Location• Place• Region• Formal Region• Functional Region• Perceptual Region
• Ecosystem• Movement• Human Environment
Interaction• Physical Geography• Human Geography• Meteorology• Cartography• Geographic Information
Systems(GIS)
Geography Geography is the study of the distribution and
interaction of physical and human features on the earth
Geographers are specialists who describe Earth’s physical and human features and the interactions of people, places, and environments.
What are some tools geographers might use to describe Earth?
Maps
Maps Topographic- shows natural and man-made
features on earth Thematic- shows information Navigation- maps air and sea- navigators would
use these
Thematic Map of Africa
Navigation Map
5 Themes of Geography
Also known as Elements
1. Location
2. Place
3. Region
4. Movement
5. Human-Environment Interaction
Theme 1- Location Spatial Relations- how places, people,
and features of the Earth are connected There are 2 types
Absolute Location- exact latitude and longitude at which a place is found on the globe
Relative Location- describes a place’s location in relation to another place
Absolute and Relative Absolute of Spartanburg County:
Latitude- 34.93163 North Longitude- 81.99075 West
-The entire county goes from approximately 35.2 to 34.6 degrees north and 82.2 to 81.7 degrees west
Relative Location Relative to other states: East of GA, North of
FL, SE of TN, South of VA Relative to other counties- North of Newberry,
Lexington, Saluda, West of Cherokee, York, Chester, East of Greenville
Relative to bodies of water: East Saluda and Reedy, west of Broad
Relative to landmarks- South of Chimney Rock, east of Table rock
Relativehttp://images.google.com/
“around the corner, past the Wal-Mart and across the street from the barber shop.”
When is it useful to know the absolute or relative location of a place?
Theme 2- PlacePlace- a particular space on Earth with
physical and human meaningPlace Types are based on human
characteristics and physical characteristicsHuman include: bridges, buildings, language,
modes of transportation, and religionPhysical include: landforms, climate, wildlife,
bodies of water, and vegetation
Physical and Human Systems Physical systems- volcanoes, floods, and
hurricanes shape the Earth’s surface Human systems- people affect the Earth by
settling it, forming societies, and migrating. People also move goods and ideas to new places.
What historical movements of people and ideas have changed the US and World?
Theme 3- RegionA region, larger than a place, is a group of places
that are united by shared characteristics. 3 Types
1. Formal/Uniform- area defined by a common characteristic
2. Functional- central place and the outlying areas linked to it by transit systems
3. Perceptual- defined by popular feelings and images rather than by objective data
Region Places that are connected
Cultural (Bible belt) Political (conservative south) Economic (rustbelt) Physical (sunbelt)
3 categories Formal Function Perceptual
Theme 4- MovementMovement- How goods, cultures, and rituals
migrate from place to place.3 Types of Movement
a. peopleb. goodsc. ideas
Theme 5- Human-Environment Interaction Pertains to how the environment and
people effect each other People depend on the environment- it
dictates what type of crops we grow. People modify the environment- clear land
and plant crops on it People adapt to the environment- wear
certain types of clothing according to the season
Map Skills Why are all map projections distorted?
The earth is round, and maps are flat, so the earth’s curves cannot be accurately shown on a map
Map Projections Mercator- used for ship navigation Polar (Azimuthal)- used for air travel Robinson- used in classrooms
Mercator Map
Polar (Azimuthal) Map
Robinson Map
Map Directions Cardinal directions- north, south, east, and
west Intermediate directions- southeast,
southwest, northeast, northwest
Hemispheres The world is divided into hemispheres by latitude
and longitude lines The Equator divides north and south, while the
Prime Meridian divides east and west
Reading MapsThere are 8 key elements that you need to know when reading a map
Reading Maps Title- explains subject of map Compass Rose- shows orientation Labels- words or phrases that explain map
features Legend-Lists and explains the symbols
and use of color on a map
Labels and Compass Rose
Reading Maps Latitude Lines-Run horizontal from the
equator out on both sides of the globe (mark north and south positions)
Longitude Lines- Run vertical from the prime meridian out on both sides of the globe (mark east and west positions)
Scale- Ruler-like line that shows the lengths of earth distance units on the map
Longitude (left) and Latitude (right)
What do Geographers do? Observe Map (cartography) Interview Create and use
statistics Technology (GIS
and GPS)