What is Government? Government is the institution through which society makes and enforces it public policies. Government is the institution through which

What is Government?What is Government?

Government is the institution through Government is the institution through which society makes and enforces it which society makes and enforces it public policies.public policies.

Every government exercises three Every government exercises three basic powers: basic powers:

A. legislative —power to make lawA. legislative —power to make law

B. executive ---power to enforce lawB. executive ---power to enforce law

C. judicial---power to interpret law C. judicial---power to interpret law andand

settle disputes settle disputes 11

What do Governments do?What do Governments do?

Ensure National SecurityEnsure National SecurityMaintain OrderMaintain OrderResolve ConflictsResolve ConflictsProvide ServicesProvide ServicesProvide for the Public GoodProvide for the Public Good

22

Different types of Different types of GovernmentGovernment

Dictatorship---power held by single Dictatorship---power held by single person or small group (a totalitarian person or small group (a totalitarian dictatorship holds absolute power over all dictatorship holds absolute power over all aspects of life)aspects of life)

Monarchy---power held by one person Monarchy---power held by one person such as a king or queen, who inherit their such as a king or queen, who inherit their positionposition

Oligarchy---power held by small group Oligarchy---power held by small group (some people would say that this is a (some people would say that this is a type of dictatorship)type of dictatorship)

33

ExamplesExamples

Dictatorship----Cuba (Castro)Dictatorship----Cuba (Castro)Totalitarian Dictatorship---North Totalitarian Dictatorship---North

Korea (Kim Jong Ill)Korea (Kim Jong Ill)Monarchy---Jordan and Saudi ArabiaMonarchy---Jordan and Saudi ArabiaOligarchy---Theocratic oligarchy—Oligarchy---Theocratic oligarchy—

IranIranDemocracy---U.S.A.Democracy---U.S.A.

44

Democracy---”rule by the Democracy---”rule by the people”people”1. Direct democracy or Athenian democracy1. Direct democracy or Athenian democracy

—people make every decision—people make every decision

2. Republic—an indirect form of democracy 2. Republic—an indirect form of democracy where people elect representatives to where people elect representatives to make decisions—The U.S. is a Republic.make decisions—The U.S. is a Republic.

““No one pretends that democracy is perfect No one pretends that democracy is perfect or all-wise. Indeed , it has been said that or all-wise. Indeed , it has been said that democracy is the worst form of government democracy is the worst form of government except all those other forms that have tried except all those other forms that have tried from time to time.”from time to time.”

Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill55

How governments are How governments are organizedorganized

Unitary System---the vast majority of the Unitary System---the vast majority of the world’s nations have a unitary system. world’s nations have a unitary system. In this system authority to govern rest in In this system authority to govern rest in a single national government.a single national government.

Federal System---divides power between Federal System---divides power between a national government and regional a national government and regional governments.(only 25 out of the world’s governments.(only 25 out of the world’s 190 nations use this system—we are 190 nations use this system—we are one of the 25.one of the 25.

66

The American system of government—The American system of government—origins and foundationorigins and foundation

Our form of government---American Our form of government---American Democracy is not like the government of any Democracy is not like the government of any other country. What our founding fathers other country. What our founding fathers came up with is truly unique.came up with is truly unique.

A. We have a A. We have a federal systemfederal system in which we in which we divide governmental power between a divide governmental power between a national government and state governments.national government and state governments.

B. We also have a B. We also have a Constitutional Constitutional governmentgovernment where the powers that belong where the powers that belong and don’t belong to the national government and don’t belong to the national government are clearly outlined in a written document.are clearly outlined in a written document.

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Quiz time----ReviewQuiz time----Review

1.1. What is the definition of government?What is the definition of government?

2.2. What is the basic function of the What is the basic function of the legislative branch, executive branch, legislative branch, executive branch, judicial branch?judicial branch?

3.3. What are the 5 basic functions of What are the 5 basic functions of government and which two are the government and which two are the most controversial?most controversial?

4.4. What is the definition of a dictatorship?What is the definition of a dictatorship?

5.5. What is the definition of a monarchy?What is the definition of a monarchy?88

Quiz time—Review page 2Quiz time—Review page 2

6. What is the definition of oligarchy?6. What is the definition of oligarchy?

7. What is the definition of democracy?7. What is the definition of democracy?

8. What is the definition of totalitarianism?8. What is the definition of totalitarianism?

9. Define Republic9. Define Republic

10. Define Direct or Athenian Democracy?10. Define Direct or Athenian Democracy?

11. What is a unitary system of government?11. What is a unitary system of government?

12. What is a Federal system of government?12. What is a Federal system of government?

99

Quiz time---Review page 3Quiz time---Review page 3

13. What is a Constitutional government?13. What is a Constitutional government?

14. Give an example of a dictatorship?14. Give an example of a dictatorship?

15. Give an example of a totalitarian 15. Give an example of a totalitarian dictatorship?dictatorship?

16. Give an example of a Monarchy?16. Give an example of a Monarchy?

17. Give an example of a Constitutional 17. Give an example of a Constitutional Democracy?Democracy?

18. Give an example of a theocratic 18. Give an example of a theocratic oligarchy.oligarchy.

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What events lead the What events lead the American colonies to break American colonies to break from England and form their from England and form their

own country?own country?

1111

1212

Place in the correct Place in the correct chronological orderchronological order

A.A. Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party

B.B. French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

C.C. Bill of Rights added to ConstitutionBill of Rights added to Constitution

D.D. Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

E.E. Washington inaugurated as first Washington inaugurated as first PresidentPresident

F.F. Shots fired at Lexington and Concord Shots fired at Lexington and Concord beginning Revolutionary Warbeginning Revolutionary War

G.G. Constitution written in PhillyConstitution written in Philly

H.H. British surrender at YorktownBritish surrender at Yorktown

Correct orderCorrect orderB. French and Indian War 1754-1763B. French and Indian War 1754-1763

A.A.Boston Tea Party 1773Boston Tea Party 1773

F. Shots Fired at Lexington and Concord F. Shots Fired at Lexington and Concord 17751775

D. Declaration of Independence 1776D. Declaration of Independence 1776

H. British Surrender at Yorktown 1781H. British Surrender at Yorktown 1781

G. Constitution written in Philly 1787G. Constitution written in Philly 1787

E. Washington inaugurated as President E. Washington inaugurated as President 17891789

C. Bill of Rights added to Constitution C. Bill of Rights added to Constitution 17911791

1313

1414

What is the foundation for the What is the foundation for the national government of this national government of this

country?country?Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of IndependenceThe Constitution and the 27 The Constitution and the 27

AmendmentsAmendments

1515

America’s concept of democracy America’s concept of democracy rest on the following basic rest on the following basic

notions:notions:Fundamental worth and dignity of Fundamental worth and dignity of

every person.every person.Respect for equality of all personsRespect for equality of all personsFaith in majority rule, but respect for Faith in majority rule, but respect for

minority rights—(Madison worried minority rights—(Madison worried about the Tyranny of the majority)about the Tyranny of the majority)

Recognition of the necessity for Recognition of the necessity for compromisecompromise

Widest possible degree of individual Widest possible degree of individual freedomfreedom

1616

Question to consider---do not put Question to consider---do not put this slide in notesthis slide in notes

Consider the following theory: Since Consider the following theory: Since democracy promotes the concepts from democracy promotes the concepts from the previous slide, nations with the previous slide, nations with democratic governments do not fight democratic governments do not fight wars against each other—therefore to wars against each other—therefore to bring about a more peaceful planet, bring about a more peaceful planet, democracy should be promoted world democracy should be promoted world wide.wide.

Should the United States be willing to Should the United States be willing to spend “blood and treasurer” to promote spend “blood and treasurer” to promote the spread of democracy? Why? Why the spread of democracy? Why? Why not?not?

1717

Where did our system of Where did our system of government come from? government come from?

1. Greek, Roman and English 1. Greek, Roman and English influencesinfluences

2. Colonial practices 2. Colonial practices 3. Philosophical influences3. Philosophical influences4. New ideas created at 4. New ideas created at

Constitutional convention Constitutional convention such as Federalism, such as Federalism, separation of powers and separation of powers and checks and balances.checks and balances.

1818

Three major nations or empires Three major nations or empires that have contributed greatly to that have contributed greatly to

American DemocracyAmerican Democracy1.1. Ancient Greece---Athenian direct Ancient Greece---Athenian direct

democracydemocracy2.2. Ancient Rome---Indirect or Ancient Rome---Indirect or

Representative Democracy (Republic)Representative Democracy (Republic)3. England---We took many of the ideas 3. England---We took many of the ideas

of government from the British of government from the British A. rights that belong to citizensA. rights that belong to citizens B. representative democracyB. representative democracy C. limited governmentC. limited government

1919

English documents English documents Magna Carta 1215Magna Carta 1215 1. 1. limited power of the government (King)limited power of the government (King) 2. 2. fundamental rights given to noblesfundamental rights given to nobles a) trial by jurya) trial by jury b) due process of law (fair trial)b) due process of law (fair trial) English Petition of RightsEnglish Petition of Rights 16281628 1. 1. early document supporting idea that all early document supporting idea that all

men have rights and established concept of rule men have rights and established concept of rule of lawof law

2.2. included basic rights for allincluded basic rights for all a) guarantee of trial by jurya) guarantee of trial by jury b) protection of private propertyb) protection of private property English Bill of RightsEnglish Bill of Rights 16891689 1.1. limited power of the monarchlimited power of the monarch A. free elections to those in Parliament A. free elections to those in Parliament

(House of Commons)(House of Commons) B. right of petitionB. right of petition C. parliamentary checks on power of KingC. parliamentary checks on power of King

2020

Examples of English influence on Examples of English influence on the U.S. Legislative branch of the U.S. Legislative branch of

GovernmentGovernment The English Parliament had a two house The English Parliament had a two house

legislature---The House of Commons and legislature---The House of Commons and the House of Lords.---This is known as a the House of Lords.---This is known as a bicameral legislature.bicameral legislature.

Today every state except Nebraska has a Today every state except Nebraska has a bicameral legislature.bicameral legislature.

The Congress of the United States is The Congress of the United States is bicameral---The U.S. Senate and the U.S. bicameral---The U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives.House of Representatives.

2121

Colonies established practices Colonies established practices that became a key part of that became a key part of

nations system of government.nations system of government. Written Constitutions in each colony—all Written Constitutions in each colony—all

called for a separation of powers between the called for a separation of powers between the Governor and state legislatures, and Governor and state legislatures, and representative bicameral legislatures.representative bicameral legislatures.

Mayflower Compact-1620—adult males Mayflower Compact-1620—adult males agreed to form government based on majority agreed to form government based on majority rule and the consent of the governed.rule and the consent of the governed.

Some colonial Constitutions included a list of Some colonial Constitutions included a list of rights: ex. Virginia Declaration of Rights rights: ex. Virginia Declaration of Rights (George Mason), Virginia Statute of Religious (George Mason), Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom (Thomas Jefferson).Freedom (Thomas Jefferson).

2222

Philosophical influencesPhilosophical influences John Locke (1632-1704)--develops John Locke (1632-1704)--develops Social Social

Contract theory of government.Contract theory of government.

A. Human beings enter into a contract by A. Human beings enter into a contract by agreeing with one another to create a agreeing with one another to create a state (government). Give up some state (government). Give up some freedom for security.freedom for security.

B. Government arose out of a voluntary B. Government arose out of a voluntary act of free people. act of free people.

C. The state exist only to serve the C. The state exist only to serve the people.people.

D. The people are the sole source of D. The people are the sole source of political power and they are free to give or political power and they are free to give or withhold that power as they choose.withhold that power as they choose.

2323

Concepts created by Social Concepts created by Social Contract Theory included in Contract Theory included in

Constitution and Declaration of Constitution and Declaration of IndependenceIndependence Popular sovereignty-Popular sovereignty- people hold the power to rule. people hold the power to rule.

Limited government-Limited governmentgovernment is not all government is not all powerful.powerful.

Individual rights-Individual rights- people are born with rights that people are born with rights that were given to them by God.were given to them by God.

Representative government-Representative government- people elect others to people elect others to represent their interest.represent their interest.

Ordered government-Ordered government- orderly regulation of orderly regulation of relationships between citizens---opposite of relationships between citizens---opposite of anarchy.anarchy.

Thomas Jefferson would borrow heavily from the Thomas Jefferson would borrow heavily from the writings of John Locke when he writes the writings of John Locke when he writes the Declaration of Independence.Declaration of Independence.

2424

VideoVideo

United Streaming; American History, United Streaming; American History, Foundations of American Foundations of American Government---Writing the Government---Writing the Constitution segment.Constitution segment.

2525

Let’s take a look at the Let’s take a look at the Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

Raise your hand when you see an Raise your hand when you see an example of the following:example of the following:

Popular sovereigntyPopular sovereigntyLimited GovernmentLimited Government Individual rightsIndividual rightsOrdered governmentOrdered governmentYou do not have to write down the You do not have to write down the

Declaration in your notes.Declaration in your notes.

2626

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of IndependenceWhen in the course of human events, When in the course of human events,

it becomes necessary for one people it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of nature station to which the Laws of nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, a and of Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them declare the causes which impel them to the separationto the separation

2727

DeclarationDeclaration We hold these truths to be self evident, that We hold these truths to be self evident, that

all men are created equal, that they are all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; powers from the consent of the governed; That when any Form of Government That when any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government , laying its and to institute new Government , laying its foundation on such principles and foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.Safety and Happiness.

2828

Review ContinuedReview Continued4. Name two English documents which 4. Name two English documents which

played a large role in influencing the played a large role in influencing the political ideas of most colonist? political ideas of most colonist?

____________________,_____________________________________,_________________5. List two important rights that English 5. List two important rights that English

citizens (colonist were English citizens) citizens (colonist were English citizens) received because of the above documents.received because of the above documents.

___________________,______________________________________,___________________6. The English Parliament had two houses, 6. The English Parliament had two houses,

the House of ______and the House of the House of ______and the House of _________. This is known as a _________. This is known as a ______________legislature. Today the U.S. ______________legislature. Today the U.S. Congress has a ___________ and a Congress has a ___________ and a ________________.________________.

2929

Part 1 ReviewPart 1 Review

1. Which two documents are the foundation 1. Which two documents are the foundation of American Government?of American Government?

________________, _____________________________________, _____________________2. Put the following events in the proper 2. Put the following events in the proper

order.order. A. Declaration of IndependenceA. Declaration of Independence B. Writing the ConstitutionB. Writing the Constitution C. Articles of ConfederationC. Articles of Confederation D. Shots fired at Lexington and ConcordD. Shots fired at Lexington and Concord

3. Define limited government3. Define limited government

3030

Review ContinuedReview Continued7. List two Virginia documents that would 7. List two Virginia documents that would

have a large influence on the United have a large influence on the United States Bill of Rights. Who wrote each?States Bill of Rights. Who wrote each?

__________________ written by__________________________________ written by__________________________________ written by__________________________________ written by________________

8._____ Which concepts/ideas are part of the 8._____ Which concepts/ideas are part of the social contract theory?social contract theory?

77

3131

Review ContinuedReview Continued9._____ Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?9._____ Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? 10. From which political philosopher did the author 10. From which political philosopher did the author

of the Declaration borrow from extensively?of the Declaration borrow from extensively? ______________________________11. From what three nations/empires did we get 11. From what three nations/empires did we get

many of the ideas that we include in our system many of the ideas that we include in our system of government?of government?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

12. In 1776 the Declaration of Independence states 12. In 1776 the Declaration of Independence states that “all men are created equal”----Why did it take that “all men are created equal”----Why did it take so long for this goal to be reached? Has it been so long for this goal to be reached? Has it been reached? What areas do we still need to work on? reached? What areas do we still need to work on? Did they really just mean that men were equal?Did they really just mean that men were equal?

3232

Part 2--First National Part 2--First National ConstitutionConstitution

The Articles of Confederation were written The Articles of Confederation were written in 1777 by the Second Continental in 1777 by the Second Continental Congress while the Revolutionary War was Congress while the Revolutionary War was still going on.still going on.

The Articles went into effect in 1781 and The Articles went into effect in 1781 and would last until 1787.would last until 1787.

The document creates a unicameral The document creates a unicameral legislature (Congress) and a very weak legislature (Congress) and a very weak national/federal government.national/federal government.

Most of the power would stay in the hands Most of the power would stay in the hands of the individual states.of the individual states.

3333

Weakness of Articles of Weakness of Articles of Confederation.Confederation.

One vote for each state regardless of size.One vote for each state regardless of size. Congress powerless to lay and collect taxes.Congress powerless to lay and collect taxes. No Executive (President)No Executive (President) No National Court SystemNo National Court System Amendments could only be added with Amendments could only be added with

consent of all states.consent of all states. 9 out of 13 states had to agree to pass any 9 out of 13 states had to agree to pass any

law.law. Congress could not regulate trade between Congress could not regulate trade between

states (interstate commerce).states (interstate commerce). States could print own money.States could print own money. States could ignore laws passed by Congress.States could ignore laws passed by Congress. (doctrine of nullification)(doctrine of nullification)

3434

VideoVideo

United Streaming—Understanding United Streaming—Understanding the Constitution: Creating a Federal the Constitution: Creating a Federal Government---segments 2,3,4Government---segments 2,3,4

3535

Shays’ Rebellion 1786Shays’ Rebellion 1786Small farmers and property owners Small farmers and property owners

(1200 strong) rebel against (1200 strong) rebel against government in Massachusetts.government in Massachusetts.

In reference to Shays’ Rebellion In reference to Shays’ Rebellion Washington says “What a triumph for Washington says “What a triumph for our enemies to find that we are our enemies to find that we are incapable of governing ourselves.”incapable of governing ourselves.”

The rebellion shows the weakness of The rebellion shows the weakness of the Articles of Confederation and the the Articles of Confederation and the need for a new government.need for a new government.

3636

Constitutional Convention May Constitutional Convention May 25, 178725, 1787

12 out of 13 states send delegates to 12 out of 13 states send delegates to Philly—(Rhode Island does not).Philly—(Rhode Island does not).

55 delegates attend convention—today we 55 delegates attend convention—today we call them the “Framers”.call them the “Framers”.

Average age of delegates was 42 (Franklin Average age of delegates was 42 (Franklin at 81 oldest)at 81 oldest)

The document that they would create The document that they would create would be described as “the most would be described as “the most wonderful work ever struck off at a given wonderful work ever struck off at a given time by the brain and purpose of man.”time by the brain and purpose of man.”

English statesman William GladstoneEnglish statesman William Gladstone

3737

Early attempt to fix ArticlesEarly attempt to fix Articles

1786-five states meet in Annapolis 1786-five states meet in Annapolis Maryland to discuss the problems Maryland to discuss the problems facing the country. They ask for a facing the country. They ask for a second meeting to be held in second meeting to be held in Philadelphia in 1787.Philadelphia in 1787.

3838

Constitutional ConventionConstitutional ConventionElect George Washington as President of Elect George Washington as President of

Convention.Convention.Decide to conduct their meetings in Decide to conduct their meetings in

secrecy.secrecy.First major decision made--write a new First major decision made--write a new

constitution and get rid of the Articles of constitution and get rid of the Articles of Confederation.Confederation.

James Madison would contribute the most James Madison would contribute the most to the constitution –that is why he is to the constitution –that is why he is known as the “Father of the known as the “Father of the Constitution.”Constitution.”

3939

Part 2 ReviewPart 2 Review1.1. The Articles of ______ was our nation’s The Articles of ______ was our nation’s first attempt at creating a national first attempt at creating a national

government. government.

2. The Articles created a _____ 2. The Articles created a _____ legislaturelegislature

3. The Articles were written 3. The Articles were written A. before the Revolutionary WarA. before the Revolutionary War B. during the Revolutionary WarB. during the Revolutionary War C. after the Revolutionary WarC. after the Revolutionary War

4040


4. Which of the following 4. Which of the following was notwas not one of the one of the weaknesses of the Articles?weaknesses of the Articles?

A. 9 out of 13 states needed to pass a lawA. 9 out of 13 states needed to pass a law

B. States could print own moneyB. States could print own money

C. No Congress was createdC. No Congress was created

D. Congress powerless to lay and collect D. Congress powerless to lay and collect taxestaxes

E. States could ignore laws passed by E. States could ignore laws passed by CongressCongress

F. No Executive or National Court SystemF. No Executive or National Court System

4141


5. What action taken by a small group 5. What action taken by a small group of farmers in Massachusetts showed of farmers in Massachusetts showed the world that under the Articles we the world that under the Articles we were incapable of governing were incapable of governing ourselves?ourselves?

6. In what year did the Constitutional 6. In what year did the Constitutional Convention take place? Convention take place?

7. In what city did the Convention take 7. In what city did the Convention take place?place?

8. How many states sent delegates to 8. How many states sent delegates to the Convention?the Convention?

4242


9. Who was the oldest delegate?9. Who was the oldest delegate?

10. What famous Virginian was not 10. What famous Virginian was not there?there?

11. Who was selected President of the 11. Who was selected President of the Convention?Convention?

4343


12. Which of the following was the first major 12. Which of the following was the first major decision made at the Convention?decision made at the Convention?

A. Jefferson was to be PresidentA. Jefferson was to be President B. Rhode Island must send a representative before B. Rhode Island must send a representative before

they could proceedthey could proceed C. They were going to rid themselves of the Articles C. They were going to rid themselves of the Articles

of Confederation and write a new Constitution.of Confederation and write a new Constitution. D. to meet again next year in AnnapolisD. to meet again next year in Annapolis

13. Who contributed more than anyone else to the 13. Who contributed more than anyone else to the Constitution? (considered “Father of the Constitution? (considered “Father of the Constitution”)Constitution”)

4444


14. If you could add one amendment 14. If you could add one amendment to the Constitution what would it be to the Constitution what would it be and why?and why?

Remember many things can be Remember many things can be accomplished through legislation----accomplished through legislation----only major items of fundamental only major items of fundamental change should be considered change should be considered through amendments.through amendments.

4545

Part 3---Major plans presented at Part 3---Major plans presented at ConventionConvention

Virginia Plan—(large state plan) Virginia Plan—(large state plan) largely the work of Madison.largely the work of Madison.

1.1. 3 separate branches of government.3 separate branches of government.2.2. Legislature would be bicameralLegislature would be bicameral3.3. Representation in each house based Representation in each house based

on population.on population.4.4. Lower house elected by people in Lower house elected by people in

each state.each state.5.5. Upper house chosen by Lower House.Upper house chosen by Lower House.6.6. Executive and Judicial branches Executive and Judicial branches

would be selected by the Legislative would be selected by the Legislative branch.branch.

4646

Summary of Virginia PlanSummary of Virginia Plan

This plan was popular among the This plan was popular among the large states, but unpopular with the large states, but unpopular with the small states. Why?small states. Why?

All the power in the new national All the power in the new national government would be in the hands of government would be in the hands of the legislature. A legislature that was the legislature. A legislature that was going to be dominated by the large going to be dominated by the large states.states.

4747

Major plans presented at Major plans presented at ConventionConvention

New Jersey plan—(small state plan) New Jersey plan—(small state plan) William PatersonWilliam Paterson

1.1. Unicameral Congress with equal Unicameral Congress with equal representation.representation.

2.2. Federal Executive of more than one Federal Executive of more than one person selected by Congress.person selected by Congress.

3.3. Federal Judiciary (Federal Courts) Federal Judiciary (Federal Courts) appointed by Chief Executives.appointed by Chief Executives.

4848

Question for classQuestion for class

Based on the notes that you have Based on the notes that you have taken so far and what you already taken so far and what you already know about the Federal Government, know about the Federal Government, what parts of the Virginia Plan were what parts of the Virginia Plan were adopted and what parts of the New adopted and what parts of the New Jersey Plan were adopted?Jersey Plan were adopted?

4949

Great Compromise (Connecticut Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise—Roger Sherman)Compromise—Roger Sherman)

1.1. Bicameral legislature:Bicameral legislature:

lower house (House of lower house (House of Representatives) to be based on Representatives) to be based on population.population.

The upper house (United States The upper house (United States Senate) to be based on equal Senate) to be based on equal representation.representation.

5050

Powers given to CongressPowers given to Congress

Article 1, Section 8, Clauses 1 thru 18 Article 1, Section 8, Clauses 1 thru 18 list 27 powers of Congress.list 27 powers of Congress.

First power given to Congress is to First power given to Congress is to lay and collect taxes.lay and collect taxes.

Second power is the power to borrow Second power is the power to borrow moneymoney

Third power is to regulate Commerce Third power is to regulate Commerce with foreign nations and among the with foreign nations and among the several states.several states.

5151

Other powers given to Congress Other powers given to Congress in Articles I, Section 8, Clauses 1 in Articles I, Section 8, Clauses 1

thru 18thru 18 Establish rules of NaturalizationEstablish rules of Naturalization Coin MoneyCoin Money Provide for punishment for counterfeitingProvide for punishment for counterfeiting Establish post officesEstablish post offices Provide for copyrights and patentsProvide for copyrights and patents Create federal courtsCreate federal courts Declare WarDeclare War Provide for and maintain the nations Provide for and maintain the nations

armed servicesarmed services

5252

Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18----Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18----The Elastic Clause or Necessary The Elastic Clause or Necessary

and Proper Clauseand Proper ClauseCongress can make all laws which shall Congress can make all laws which shall

be necessary and proper for carrying into be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers and all execution the foregoing powers and all other powers vested by this Constitution other powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, in the Government of the United States, or any Department thereof.or any Department thereof.

This clause is the basis for all the implied This clause is the basis for all the implied powers of the United States Government.powers of the United States Government.

5353

What does the Supremacy What does the Supremacy Clause say?Clause say?

Article VI (6) section 2Article VI (6) section 2A specific declaration of the A specific declaration of the

supremacy of federal law over any supremacy of federal law over any and all forms of state law. No State, and all forms of state law. No State, including its local including its local

governments may make or enforce governments may make or enforce any law that conflicts with any any law that conflicts with any provision in the Constitution, and act provision in the Constitution, and act of Congress, a treaty, or regulation of Congress, a treaty, or regulation properly issued by the President.properly issued by the President.

5454

Limits on power of the national Limits on power of the national government—Article I, Section 9, government—Article I, Section 9,

Clauses 1 thru 8Clauses 1 thru 8Writ of Habeas Corpus may not be Writ of Habeas Corpus may not be

suspended unless public safety may suspended unless public safety may require it.require it.

No Bill of Attainder (punishment No Bill of Attainder (punishment without trial)without trial)

No tax on exportsNo tax on exportsNo granting titles of nobilityNo granting titles of nobility

5555

Limits on powers of state Limits on powers of state governments—Article 1, Section governments—Article 1, Section

10, clauses 1,2,310, clauses 1,2,3States cannot enter into a treaty with States cannot enter into a treaty with

another nation.another nation.States cannot coin moneyStates cannot coin moneyStates can not pass a bill of attainderStates can not pass a bill of attainderStates can not pass ex post facto States can not pass ex post facto

lawslawsStates can not grant titles of nobilityStates can not grant titles of nobilityStates can not tax imports or exportsStates can not tax imports or exports

5656

Compromises—other than Great Compromises—other than Great CompromiseCompromise

5757

Who should count as Who should count as population?population?

If the House of Representatives was If the House of Representatives was going to be based on population then going to be based on population then that would mean that you would have that would mean that you would have to count the population of a state. The to count the population of a state. The question arose who should count as question arose who should count as population?population?

Southern states wanted to count Southern states wanted to count slaves which would increase their slaves which would increase their population, thus increasing their population, thus increasing their representation in the new Congress.representation in the new Congress.

Northern States did not want slaves Northern States did not want slaves counted.counted.

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Three-Fifths Compromise Three-Fifths Compromise

Slaves would be counted as three-Slaves would be counted as three-fifths of a person when determining fifths of a person when determining the population of any state.the population of any state.

Compromise would be abolished in Compromise would be abolished in 1865 with the adoption of 131865 with the adoption of 13thth. . Amendment that abolished slavery.Amendment that abolished slavery.

5959

Commerce and Slave Trade Commerce and Slave Trade CompromiseCompromise

Congress was given the power to Congress was given the power to regulate foreign and interstate regulate foreign and interstate commerce.commerce.

Southerners were worried that the Southerners were worried that the north would push through legislation north would push through legislation that would end slavery and tax that would end slavery and tax southern tobacco and cotton exports.southern tobacco and cotton exports.

To satisfy the southern delegates To satisfy the southern delegates Congress was forbidden the power to Congress was forbidden the power to tax exports and to act on the slave tax exports and to act on the slave trade for a period of 20 years. (In 1808 trade for a period of 20 years. (In 1808 Congress did ban the importation of Congress did ban the importation of slaves).slaves).

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Electoral College CompromiseElectoral College Compromise

Some at the convention wanted to Some at the convention wanted to elect the President by popular vote.elect the President by popular vote.

Others wanted the President to be Others wanted the President to be selected by Congress.selected by Congress.

The Compromise was the electoral The Compromise was the electoral college system which was proposed college system which was proposed by Alexander Hamilton.by Alexander Hamilton.

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Electoral College System Electoral College System ReviewReview

We have elected every President using the We have elected every President using the Electoral College System.Electoral College System.

The number of electoral votes a state The number of electoral votes a state receives is determined by the number of receives is determined by the number of Senators and Representatives a state has. Senators and Representatives a state has. 2+x=EV----examples Virginia 2+11=13, 2+x=EV----examples Virginia 2+11=13, California 2+53=55, Wyoming 2+1=3California 2+53=55, Wyoming 2+1=3

There are a total of 538 electoral votes and There are a total of 538 electoral votes and it takes 270 electoral votes to be elected it takes 270 electoral votes to be elected President.President.

A candidate can win the popular vote and A candidate can win the popular vote and lose the election by losing the electoral lose the election by losing the electoral collegecollege

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End of Part 2---2009End of Part 2---2009

Quiz 2Quiz 2

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Convention completes its Convention completes its WorkWork

September 17, 1787 39 names are placed September 17, 1787 39 names are placed on finished document.on finished document.

In order for it to go into effect 9 out of 13 In order for it to go into effect 9 out of 13 states had to approve it.states had to approve it.

In the battle for approval (ratification) two In the battle for approval (ratification) two groups emerged.groups emerged.

1. Federalist –supported ratification—John 1. Federalist –supported ratification—John Adams and Alexander HamiltonAdams and Alexander Hamilton

2. Anti-Federalist—opposed ratification2. Anti-Federalist—opposed ratification Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson and

George MasonGeorge Mason

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Major criticisms by anti-Major criticisms by anti-federalistfederalist

1.1. Absence of any mention of God.Absence of any mention of God.

2.2. Denial of states the right to print Denial of states the right to print money.money.

3.3. Greatly increased powers of central Greatly increased powers of central government.government.

4.4. Lack of list of rights (Bill of Rights)Lack of list of rights (Bill of Rights)

“ “I look upon that paper as the most fatal I look upon that paper as the most fatal plan that could possibly be conceived to plan that could possibly be conceived to enslave a free people.” Patrick Henryenslave a free people.” Patrick Henry

6565

Federalist PapersFederalist PapersA collection of 85 essays written in A collection of 85 essays written in

support of ratification of the Constitution.support of ratification of the Constitution.They were published in the local They were published in the local

newspapers of the day. (Especially in the newspapers of the day. (Especially in the state of New York where the vote on state of New York where the vote on ratification had not taken place)ratification had not taken place)

Written by Alexander Hamilton, James Written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay.Madison, and John Jay.

Considered among the best political Considered among the best political writings in the English language, they writings in the English language, they are still used today by scholars to are still used today by scholars to determine the intent of the Founding determine the intent of the Founding Fathers.Fathers.

6666

New Government takes overNew Government takes over

Eventually all 13 states ratify the Eventually all 13 states ratify the Constitution.Constitution.

The Bill of Rights (First 10 The Bill of Rights (First 10 Amendments) would be added four Amendments) would be added four years later in 1791.years later in 1791.

The new Congress met first on March The new Congress met first on March 4, 1789 in New York. On April 30, 1789 4, 1789 in New York. On April 30, 1789 George Washington was sworn in as George Washington was sworn in as the first President of the United States.the first President of the United States.

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The ConstitutionThe ConstitutionPreamblePreamble

Article I-Legislative DepartmentArticle I-Legislative Department

Divided into 10 sectionsDivided into 10 sections

Article II-Executive DepartmentArticle II-Executive Department


Article III-Judicial DepartmentArticle III-Judicial Department


Article IV-Relations among the StatesArticle IV-Relations among the States


Article V-Provisions for AmendmentArticle V-Provisions for Amendment

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The Constitution continuedThe Constitution continued

Article VI-Public Debts, Supremacy of Article VI-Public Debts, Supremacy of National law, oathNational law, oath

Divided into 3 SectionsDivided into 3 Sections

Article VII-Ratification of ConstitutionArticle VII-Ratification of Constitution

27 Amendments27 Amendments

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Four methods of Amending the Four methods of Amending the ConstitutionConstitution

1. Proposed by two thirds vote in each 1. Proposed by two thirds vote in each house. Ratified by ¾’s (38) state house. Ratified by ¾’s (38) state legislatures.—26 out of 27 done this legislatures.—26 out of 27 done this way.way.

2. Proposed by two thirds vote in each 2. Proposed by two thirds vote in each house. Ratified by ¾’s (38) state house. Ratified by ¾’s (38) state conventions.conventions.

3. Proposed by a national convention, 3. Proposed by a national convention, called by Congress at the request of called by Congress at the request of 2/3’s (34) of the states. Ratified by ¾’s 2/3’s (34) of the states. Ratified by ¾’s (38) state legislatures.(38) state legislatures.

4. Proposed by a national convention and 4. Proposed by a national convention and ratified by ¾’s (38) state conventions.ratified by ¾’s (38) state conventions.

7070

AmendmentsAmendments11. Immunity of states from certain lawsuits11. Immunity of states from certain lawsuits12. Changes in electoral college system12. Changes in electoral college system13. Abolition of slavery13. Abolition of slavery14. Citizenship, due process, equal 14. Citizenship, due process, equal

protection.protection.15. No denial of vote because of race or color.15. No denial of vote because of race or color.16. Power of Congress to tax incomes.16. Power of Congress to tax incomes.17. Popular elections of U.S. Senators.17. Popular elections of U.S. Senators.18. Prohibition of alcohol.18. Prohibition of alcohol.19. Women given right to vote.19. Women given right to vote.20. Change dates on start of Presidential and 20. Change dates on start of Presidential and

Congressional terms.Congressional terms.21. Repeal of 1821. Repeal of 18thth. Amendment. Amendment22. Limit on Presidential terms.22. Limit on Presidential terms.

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Amendments continuedAmendments continued

23. District of Columbia given 3 electoral 23. District of Columbia given 3 electoral votes in Presidential election.votes in Presidential election.

24. Ban on poll tax.24. Ban on poll tax.

25. Presidential succession, vice-25. Presidential succession, vice-presidential vacancy, presidential presidential vacancy, presidential disability.disability.

26. Voting age changed to 1826. Voting age changed to 18

27. Congressional pay can not be raised 27. Congressional pay can not be raised during the term of a Congress person.during the term of a Congress person.

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Major Principles in the Major Principles in the ConstitutionConstitution

1. 1. Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty—rule by the people—rule by the people A. The Preamble begins with “we the people A. The Preamble begins with “we the people

of the United States in order to form a more of the United States in order to form a more perfect union”perfect union”

2. 2. FederalismFederalism—power is divided between —power is divided between the national government and the state the national government and the state governments. The Supremacy Clause of the governments. The Supremacy Clause of the Constitution provides for a “ladder of laws”- Constitution provides for a “ladder of laws”- Article 6Article 6

U.S. ConstitutionU.S. ConstitutionActs of Congress and TreatiesActs of Congress and TreatiesState ConstitutionsState ConstitutionsState Laws (acts of state legislature)State Laws (acts of state legislature)City and County ordinances.City and County ordinances.

7373

Major Principles continuedMajor Principles continued Examples of Federalism at work-Examples of Federalism at work- 1. States make up their own rules on how to 1. States make up their own rules on how to

conduct Presidential elections inside their own conduct Presidential elections inside their own states.states.

2. Some states have the death penalty and 2. Some states have the death penalty and some don’t. (also radar detectors and gay some don’t. (also radar detectors and gay marriage)marriage)

3. When the national (federal) government 3. When the national (federal) government declares marijuana illegal states can not make declares marijuana illegal states can not make it legal (Supremacy Clause—Article 6)it legal (Supremacy Clause—Article 6)

4. The Full Faith and Credit Clause (Article 4) 4. The Full Faith and Credit Clause (Article 4) deals with relations between the states. The deals with relations between the states. The Constitution says that all states must honor Constitution says that all states must honor the public acts, records, and judicial the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of another state. (So if you get proceedings of another state. (So if you get legally married in Utah and move to Virginia, legally married in Utah and move to Virginia, you are still married)you are still married)

7474

3. Separation of Powers3. Separation of PowersThe three branches of government The three branches of government

(executive, judicial, and legislative) (executive, judicial, and legislative) are separate and distinct. are separate and distinct.

A. Executive branch—enforces the A. Executive branch—enforces the lawlaw

B. Legislative branch---makes the B. Legislative branch---makes the lawlaw

C. Judicial branch---interprets the C. Judicial branch---interprets the lawlaw

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4. Checks and Balances4. Checks and Balances Each branch of government Each branch of government

exercises some control on the other exercises some control on the other branches of government.branches of government.

Examples: Examples:

A.A. Congress passes a bill and the Congress passes a bill and the President vetoes it.President vetoes it.

B.B. Congress may override a Congress may override a Presidential veto.Presidential veto.

C.C. The Supreme Court may declare a The Supreme Court may declare a law unconstitutional (judicial law unconstitutional (judicial review).review).

7676

5. Limited Government5. Limited Government The Congress limits the power of The Congress limits the power of

government. Examples:government. Examples:1.1. Congress shall not pass an Ex post Congress shall not pass an Ex post

Facto law.Facto law.2.2. Congress shall not pass a bill of Congress shall not pass a bill of

attainder.attainder.3.3. Congress may not take away a Congress may not take away a

persons freedom of speech or press.persons freedom of speech or press.4.4. Congress shall not tax exports.Congress shall not tax exports.5.5. Congress shall not create a state Congress shall not create a state

from another state without the from another state without the permission of that states legislature.permission of that states legislature.

7777

6. Judicial Review6. Judicial ReviewThis power, which belongs to the This power, which belongs to the

federal courts, is not explicitly federal courts, is not explicitly stated in the Constitution. stated in the Constitution.

It was first used by the Supreme It was first used by the Supreme Court in Court in Marbury v. MadisonMarbury v. Madison in in 1803.1803.

A. The Supreme Court ruled that a A. The Supreme Court ruled that a law which had been passed by law which had been passed by Congress and signed by the Congress and signed by the President was unconstitutional.President was unconstitutional.

Today the Federal Courts may rule that Today the Federal Courts may rule that any action of government (federal, any action of government (federal, state, or local) is Unconstitutional.state, or local) is Unconstitutional.

7878

A few examples of governmental A few examples of governmental actions being ruled actions being ruled

unconstitutional (judicial unconstitutional (judicial review).review). Segregation of public schools by state and Segregation of public schools by state and

local governments.local governments. Requiring students to stand for the pledge Requiring students to stand for the pledge

or participate in prayer before each school or participate in prayer before each school day.day.

Requiring a wife get her husbands Requiring a wife get her husbands permission before getting an abortion.permission before getting an abortion.

Putting someone on trial with out a lawyer if Putting someone on trial with out a lawyer if there is a possibility that they could go to there is a possibility that they could go to jail.jail.

States prohibiting bi-racial couples from States prohibiting bi-racial couples from getting married.getting married.

7979


1.1. The Virginia plan was largely the work of The Virginia plan was largely the work of

A. James Madison B. Thomas Jefferson A. James Madison B. Thomas Jefferson

C. George Mason D. Alexander HamiltonC. George Mason D. Alexander Hamilton

2. The Virginia plan called for ---branch (es) 2. The Virginia plan called for ---branch (es) of government.of government.

A. one B. two C. three D. fourA. one B. two C. three D. four

3. The Virginia plan called for a -----legislature3. The Virginia plan called for a -----legislature

4. The Virginia plan favored ---states4. The Virginia plan favored ---states

A. large B. small C. midsize D. southernA. large B. small C. midsize D. southern

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Quiz ContinuedQuiz Continued5. The Virginia plan called for the representation in 5. The Virginia plan called for the representation in

the legislature to be based on -----the legislature to be based on ----- A. tax contributions B. region C. slaves D. A. tax contributions B. region C. slaves D.

populationpopulation6. The New Jersey Plan favored---states.6. The New Jersey Plan favored---states. A. Southern B. Northern C. large D. smallA. Southern B. Northern C. large D. small7. The New Jersey plan called for a ----legislature.7. The New Jersey plan called for a ----legislature. A. unicameral B. bicameral C. trilateral D. A. unicameral B. bicameral C. trilateral D.

complexcomplex8. According to the New Jersey plan how were the 8. According to the New Jersey plan how were the

federal executives to be chosen?federal executives to be chosen? A. By the people B. By CongressA. By the people B. By Congress C. By the states D. by the CourtsC. By the states D. by the Courts9. According to the New Jersey plan representation 9. According to the New Jersey plan representation

in Congress was to be -----divided among the in Congress was to be -----divided among the states.states.

A. fairly B. proportionally A. fairly B. proportionally C. equally D. randomly C. equally D. randomly

8181

Quiz ContinuedQuiz Continued10. The Great Compromise called for a ----legislature.10. The Great Compromise called for a ----legislature. A. unicameral B. bicameral C. trilateralA. unicameral B. bicameral C. trilateral11. The Great Compromise called for a lower house to 11. The Great Compromise called for a lower house to

be based on ---------.be based on ---------. A. square miles B. population C. tax dollars A. square miles B. population C. tax dollars

contributedcontributed12. The Great Compromise called for a upper house to 12. The Great Compromise called for a upper house to

be based on ----- representation.be based on ----- representation. A. square miles B. population C. equalA. square miles B. population C. equal13. Today the population of each state is determined 13. Today the population of each state is determined

every 10 years by conducting a/an ------every 10 years by conducting a/an ------ A. election B. census C. revolution D. conventionA. election B. census C. revolution D. convention14. According to one of the first compromises reached at 14. According to one of the first compromises reached at

the Convention the “Framers” determined that slaves the Convention the “Framers” determined that slaves were to be counted as -------(fraction) of a person. This were to be counted as -------(fraction) of a person. This practice was abolished by the 13 Amendment.practice was abolished by the 13 Amendment.

A. one half B. two thirds C. three fifths D. three A. one half B. two thirds C. three fifths D. three quartersquarters

8282

Quiz ContinuedQuiz Continued15. To satisfy southern delegates at the 15. To satisfy southern delegates at the

convention the Framers decided that convention the Framers decided that Congress would be forbidden to Congress would be forbidden to tax------. tax------.

A. Cotton B. plantations A. Cotton B. plantations

C. slaves D. exportsC. slaves D. exports

16. To satisfy southern delegates at the 16. To satisfy southern delegates at the convention the Congress was forbidden convention the Congress was forbidden to outlaw ----trade until 1808.to outlaw ----trade until 1808.

A. cotton B. tobacco C. slaves D. sugarA. cotton B. tobacco C. slaves D. sugar

8383

Quiz continuedQuiz continued17. The Electoral College was created as 17. The Electoral College was created as

a response to those who worried that a response to those who worried that the common people of America were the common people of America were not informed enough to make a wise not informed enough to make a wise choice for -------. choice for -------.

A. President B. Supreme CourtA. President B. Supreme Court

C. Governor D. SenatorsC. Governor D. Senators

18. True or False18. True or False

The Electoral College has not played The Electoral College has not played a role in determining the outcome of a a role in determining the outcome of a Presidential election in over 100 years.Presidential election in over 100 years.

8484

QuizQuiz19. What two groups emerged during the 19. What two groups emerged during the

argument over the ratification of the argument over the ratification of the Constitution?Constitution?

20. According to the Constitution how many 20. According to the Constitution how many states were needed to ratify the states were needed to ratify the Constitution before it went into effect?Constitution before it went into effect?

21. How many states eventually ratified the 21. How many states eventually ratified the Constitution?Constitution?

22. John Adams and Alexander Hamilton were 22. John Adams and Alexander Hamilton were considered part of which political group considered part of which political group during the argument over the Constitution?during the argument over the Constitution?

23. Patrick Henry and George Mason were 23. Patrick Henry and George Mason were considered part of which political group considered part of which political group during the argument over the Constitution?during the argument over the Constitution?

8585

QuizQuiz24. Which of the following 24. Which of the following was notwas not a major a major

criticism of the Constitution by the anti-criticism of the Constitution by the anti-federalist?federalist?

A. lack of a list of individual rights.A. lack of a list of individual rights. B. greatly increased the powers of nationalB. greatly increased the powers of national government at the expense of the government at the expense of the

states.states. C. Absence of any mention of God.C. Absence of any mention of God. D. greatly increased the powers of the D. greatly increased the powers of the states at the expense of the national states at the expense of the national government.government.

8686

QuizQuiz25. What was the purpose of the “Federalist 25. What was the purpose of the “Federalist

Papers”?Papers”? A. convince states to ratify ConstitutionA. convince states to ratify Constitution B. convince states to not ratify ConstitutionB. convince states to not ratify Constitution C. convince Congress to ratify ConstitutionC. convince Congress to ratify Constitution D. convince Congress to not ratify D. convince Congress to not ratify

Constitution.Constitution.

26. Which of the following 26. Which of the following was notwas not an an author of the “Federalist Papers”?author of the “Federalist Papers”?

A. James Madison B. Thomas JeffersonA. James Madison B. Thomas Jefferson C. John JayC. John Jay C. Alexander Hamilton C. Alexander Hamilton

8787

QuizQuiz27. Who was the author of the Bill of Rights?27. Who was the author of the Bill of Rights?28. How many amendments were proposed 28. How many amendments were proposed

by the above author? How many passed?by the above author? How many passed?29. Where did the first Congress of the United 29. Where did the first Congress of the United

States meet under the new Constitution?States meet under the new Constitution?30. When were the Bill of Rights added to the 30. When were the Bill of Rights added to the

Constitution?Constitution?31. The Constitution is divided into ----31. The Constitution is divided into ----

Articles.Articles.32. The Constitution has ----amendments.32. The Constitution has ----amendments.33. In which Articles will you find the 33. In which Articles will you find the

Executive Branch organized?Executive Branch organized?34. In which Articles will you find the Judicial 34. In which Articles will you find the Judicial

Branch organized?Branch organized?35. In which Articles will you find the 35. In which Articles will you find the

Legislative Branch organized?Legislative Branch organized?36. Which Article is the longest?36. Which Article is the longest?

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Part 2 Review continuedPart 2 Review continued1.1. The Constitution is divided into ---Articles.The Constitution is divided into ---Articles.

2.2. The Constitution has ---Amendments.The Constitution has ---Amendments.

3.3. Which of the following terms is best Which of the following terms is best defined as “rule by the people”---that the defined as “rule by the people”---that the power to govern a nation resides with the power to govern a nation resides with the people of that nation?people of that nation?

A. federalism B. popular sovereigntyA. federalism B. popular sovereignty

C. judicial review D. Checks and balancesC. judicial review D. Checks and balances

8989

QuizQuiz

4. Which of the following terms is best 4. Which of the following terms is best defined as a system of government defined as a system of government that divides power between a that divides power between a national government and several national government and several regional (state) governments?regional (state) governments?

A. popular sovereignty A. popular sovereignty B. FederalismB. Federalism C. checks and balance C. checks and balance D. separation of powersD. separation of powers

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QuizQuiz

5. Which of the following terms is best 5. Which of the following terms is best defined as the power possessed by defined as the power possessed by the judicial branch of government the judicial branch of government that allows it to declare that an that allows it to declare that an action of government is action of government is unconstitutional?unconstitutional?

A. Federalism A. Federalism B. popular sovereigntyB. popular sovereignty C. Judicial Review C. Judicial Review D. Checks and BalancesD. Checks and Balances

9191

QuizQuiz

6. True/False-----States make up their 6. True/False-----States make up their own rules on how to conduct own rules on how to conduct Presidential elections within their own Presidential elections within their own state.state.

7. True/False----Some states have the 7. True/False----Some states have the death penalty and others do not.death penalty and others do not.

8. True/False----The Full Faith and Credit 8. True/False----The Full Faith and Credit Clause says that all states must honor Clause says that all states must honor the public acts, records, and judicial the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of another state.proceedings of another state.

9292

QuizQuiz

9. Using the Supremacy Clause as a guide, 9. Using the Supremacy Clause as a guide, put the following in the correct order of put the following in the correct order of dominance:dominance:

A. local city or county ordinancesA. local city or county ordinances

B. State ConstitutionsB. State Constitutions

C. U.S. ConstitutionC. U.S. Constitution

D. State LawsD. State Laws

E. Laws passed by United States CongressE. Laws passed by United States Congress

9393

QuizQuiz

10. Which branch of government 10. Which branch of government enforces the law?enforces the law?

A. executive B. judicial C. legislativeA. executive B. judicial C. legislative

11. Which branch of government 11. Which branch of government makes the law?makes the law?


12. Which branch of government 12. Which branch of government interprets the law?interprets the law?


9494

QuizQuiz

14. Which Supreme Court case 14. Which Supreme Court case established that the Federal Courts established that the Federal Courts had the power to determine the had the power to determine the Constitutionality of governmental Constitutionality of governmental actions?actions?

A. McCulloch v. MarylandA. McCulloch v. Maryland

B. Marbury v. MadisonB. Marbury v. Madison

C. Brown v. Bd. Of Ed.C. Brown v. Bd. Of Ed.

D. Nixon v. New York TimesD. Nixon v. New York Times

9595

QuizQuiz15. Which method of amending the 15. Which method of amending the

Constitution has been used most often Constitution has been used most often (26 out of 27 times)?(26 out of 27 times)?

A. Proposed by 2/3 vote in each house A. Proposed by 2/3 vote in each house and ratified by ¾’s of the state and ratified by ¾’s of the state legislatures.legislatures.

B. Proposed by 2/3 vote in each house B. Proposed by 2/3 vote in each house and ratified by ¾’s of conventions held and ratified by ¾’s of conventions held

in each state.in each state. C. Proposed by a national convention and C. Proposed by a national convention and

ratified by ¾’s of state legislaturesratified by ¾’s of state legislatures D. Proposed by a national convention and D. Proposed by a national convention and

ratified by ¾’s of conventions held in ratified by ¾’s of conventions held in each state.each state.

9696

QuizQuiz16. Which of the following topics has 16. Which of the following topics has

been most recently considered by been most recently considered by Congress as amendments to the Congress as amendments to the Constitution?Constitution?

A. gay marriage and flag burningA. gay marriage and flag burning B. reinstitution of the draft and 16 olds B. reinstitution of the draft and 16 olds

allowed to vote.allowed to vote. C. Washington D.C. to get C. Washington D.C. to get

representation in Congress and representation in Congress and abolishment of Electoral College systemabolishment of Electoral College system

D. abolishment of income tax and D. abolishment of income tax and legalization of marijuanalegalization of marijuana

9797

Power Point Review part 2Power Point Review part 2 Who was responsible for most of what Who was responsible for most of what

became known as the Virginia Plan?became known as the Virginia Plan? James MadisonJames Madison How many branches of Government did How many branches of Government did

the Virginia Plan call for?the Virginia Plan call for? Three---Executive, Judicial, LegislativeThree---Executive, Judicial, Legislative What group of states did the Virginia plan What group of states did the Virginia plan

favor? why?favor? why? Large states---House was to be determined Large states---House was to be determined

by population and just about every other by population and just about every other part of government was going to under the part of government was going to under the control of the House of Representatives.control of the House of Representatives.

9898

Power Point ReviewPower Point Review The Virginia Plan called for representation in the The Virginia Plan called for representation in the

legislative branch based on----legislative branch based on---- PopulationPopulation The New Jersey plan favored which group of states?The New Jersey plan favored which group of states? SmallSmall According to the New Jersey plan what would the According to the New Jersey plan what would the

Executive Branch look like?Executive Branch look like? An executive council made up of more than one An executive council made up of more than one

personperson According to the New Jersey plan, how was According to the New Jersey plan, how was

representation to be divided in the legislature?representation to be divided in the legislature? Equally among each stateEqually among each state The Great Compromise called for what type of The Great Compromise called for what type of

legislature?legislature? bicameralbicameral

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Power Point ReviewPower Point Review The Great Compromise called for a legislature where the The Great Compromise called for a legislature where the

lower house (House of Representatives) was to based on----lower house (House of Representatives) was to based on----and the upper house (Senate) was to based on ----and the upper house (Senate) was to based on ----

Population---------Equal RepresentationPopulation---------Equal Representation Today, in order to determine the population of a state Today, in order to determine the population of a state

a/an---is conducted every ten years.a/an---is conducted every ten years. CensusCensus According to a compromise at the convention, slaves were According to a compromise at the convention, slaves were

to be counted as---- of a person. This was eliminated by the to be counted as---- of a person. This was eliminated by the ----amendment.----amendment.

Three Fifths-------13Three Fifths-------13thth Amendment Amendment To satisfy southern delegates to the Convention, the To satisfy southern delegates to the Convention, the

Framers decided that the new Congress could not tax-----Framers decided that the new Congress could not tax----- ExportsExports To satisfy southern delegates to the Convention, the To satisfy southern delegates to the Convention, the

Framers decided that the new Congress could not outlaw Framers decided that the new Congress could not outlaw what type of trade until 1808?what type of trade until 1808?

slaveslave

100100

Power Point Review Power Point Review continuedcontinued The electoral college was created as a response to those The electoral college was created as a response to those

who worried the common people were not informed enough who worried the common people were not informed enough to make a wise choice for---to make a wise choice for---

PresidentPresident Today the total number of electoral votes is?Today the total number of electoral votes is? 538538 Which Congressional District do you live in? Who is your Which Congressional District do you live in? Who is your

Representative?Representative? 66thth.---Bob Goodlatte.---Bob Goodlatte How many Representatives to the U.S. House does Virginia How many Representatives to the U.S. House does Virginia

have?have? 1111 What is the total number of Congressional Districts in the What is the total number of Congressional Districts in the

U.S.?U.S.? 435435 How many Representatives does Washington D.C. have?How many Representatives does Washington D.C. have? zerozero

101101

Power Point Review part 2Power Point Review part 2 What two groups emerged during the argument What two groups emerged during the argument

over ratification of the Constitution?over ratification of the Constitution? Federalist and Anti-federalistFederalist and Anti-federalist According to the Constitution how many states According to the Constitution how many states

were needed for the Constitution to go effect? were needed for the Constitution to go effect? How many states eventually passed it?How many states eventually passed it?

Nine----thirteenNine----thirteen John Adams and Alexander Hamilton were John Adams and Alexander Hamilton were

considered part of which political group?considered part of which political group? FederalistFederalist Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson and George Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson and George

Mason were part of which political group?Mason were part of which political group? Anti-FederalistAnti-Federalist What were the major criticisms of the What were the major criticisms of the

Constitution?Constitution? No mention of God----states could not print No mention of God----states could not print

moneymoney no bill of rights-----too much power given to no bill of rights-----too much power given to

national govt.national govt.

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Power Point Review part 2Power Point Review part 2 What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers? Convince states to ratify ConstitutionConvince states to ratify Constitution Who wrote Federalist Papers?Who wrote Federalist Papers? Hamilton, Madison, JayHamilton, Madison, Jay Who was the author of the Bill of Rights?Who was the author of the Bill of Rights? James MadisonJames Madison How many amendments were proposed by How many amendments were proposed by

Madison in 1789? When were they added to Madison in 1789? When were they added to ConstitutionConstitution

12----ten were approved at that time----179112----ten were approved at that time----1791 Where did first Congress meet under new Where did first Congress meet under new

Constitution?Constitution? New YorkNew York The Constitution is divided into how many articles?The Constitution is divided into how many articles? sevenseven

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Power Point Review part 2Power Point Review part 2 Today—how many amendments?Today—how many amendments? 2727 In which articles is the Legislative Branch, Executive In which articles is the Legislative Branch, Executive

Branch, Judicial Branch?Branch, Judicial Branch? First—Leg, Second—Ex, Third—JudicialFirst—Leg, Second—Ex, Third—Judicial Which Amendment procedure has been used 26 out of 27 Which Amendment procedure has been used 26 out of 27

times?times? Two thirds vote in House, Two thirds vote in Senate, ¾’s of Two thirds vote in House, Two thirds vote in Senate, ¾’s of

the state legislaturesthe state legislatures Using the Supremacy Clause as a guide, put the following in Using the Supremacy Clause as a guide, put the following in

the correct order: local ordinances, State laws, U.S. the correct order: local ordinances, State laws, U.S. Constitution, Laws passed by Congress, State Constitutions.Constitution, Laws passed by Congress, State Constitutions.

U.S. Constitution, Laws passed by Congress, State U.S. Constitution, Laws passed by Congress, State Constitutions, State Laws, local ordinancesConstitutions, State Laws, local ordinances

Which Supreme Court established the principle of Judicial Which Supreme Court established the principle of Judicial Review?Review?

Marbury v. MadisonMarbury v. Madison What does the Full Faith and Credit Clause do?What does the Full Faith and Credit Clause do? Requires states to honor the public acts, records, and Requires states to honor the public acts, records, and

judicial proceeding of another state.judicial proceeding of another state.

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Quiz Review Part 1Quiz Review Part 1

Which two documents are the Which two documents are the foundation of the American System of foundation of the American System of Government?Government?

Declaration of Independence and The Declaration of Independence and The Constitution.Constitution.

List two rights that are founding fathers List two rights that are founding fathers were familiar with as English Citizens?were familiar with as English Citizens?

Trial by jury----protection of private Trial by jury----protection of private propertyproperty

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QuizQuiz

List three countries/empires who were List three countries/empires who were major contributors to our system of major contributors to our system of government.government.

Roman Empire, Greek Empire, EnglandRoman Empire, Greek Empire, EnglandThe State of Connecticut deciding to The State of Connecticut deciding to

allow gay marriage while Virginia does allow gay marriage while Virginia does not is an example of which not is an example of which Constitutional principle?Constitutional principle?

FederalismFederalism

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QuizQuiz

List three English documents that List three English documents that had a large influence on our system had a large influence on our system of government?of government?

Magna Carta, English Petition of Magna Carta, English Petition of Rights, English Bill of Rights.Rights, English Bill of Rights.

Which English King lost his head Which English King lost his head because he would not sign the because he would not sign the English Petition of Rights?English Petition of Rights?

Charles ICharles I

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QuizQuiz

Which royal family agreed to sign the Which royal family agreed to sign the English Bill of Rights before taking the English Bill of Rights before taking the throne? (hint: school in Williamsburg)throne? (hint: school in Williamsburg)

William and MaryWilliam and Mary What are the two legislative bodies in the What are the two legislative bodies in the

English Parliament?English Parliament? House of Commons and House of LordsHouse of Commons and House of Lords What are the two legislative bodies in the What are the two legislative bodies in the

Congress?Congress? Senate and House of RepresentativesSenate and House of Representatives

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QuizQuiz Which document written in 1777 by the Which document written in 1777 by the

Second Continental Congress was the Second Continental Congress was the United States first attempt at forming a United States first attempt at forming a permanent national government?permanent national government?

Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation Who wrote the Virginia Statute of Religious Who wrote the Virginia Statute of Religious

Freedom?Freedom? Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson Who wrote the Virginia Declaration of Who wrote the Virginia Declaration of

Rights?Rights? George MasonGeorge Mason Define Limited GovernmentDefine Limited Government Government is not all powerfulGovernment is not all powerful

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QuizQuiz

List three concepts developed by Locke’s Social List three concepts developed by Locke’s Social Contract theory?Contract theory?

Popular Sovereignty, Limited Government, Popular Sovereignty, Limited Government, Individual rights, Representative Government, Individual rights, Representative Government, Ordered GovernmentOrdered Government

Madison was concerned that in a democracy the Madison was concerned that in a democracy the majority could take away the rights of the minoritymajority could take away the rights of the minority—he described this problems as---------—he described this problems as---------

The tyranny of the majorityThe tyranny of the majority How many states sent delegates to the How many states sent delegates to the

Constitutional Convention in 1787? How many Constitutional Convention in 1787? How many delegates?delegates?

12----5512----55

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QuizQuiz

Who was the oldest delegate at the Who was the oldest delegate at the Convention?Convention?

FranklinFranklin Who was President of the Convention?Who was President of the Convention? George WashingtonGeorge Washington What was the first major decision made at What was the first major decision made at

the Convention?the Convention? To write new ConstitutionTo write new Constitution Which famous Virginian did not attend the Which famous Virginian did not attend the

Constitutional Convention?Constitutional Convention? JeffersonJefferson

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True FalseTrue False The articles of Confederation had a Congress with The articles of Confederation had a Congress with

a bicameral legislaturea bicameral legislature The Congress created by the Articles had the The Congress created by the Articles had the

power to tax exports.power to tax exports. Under the Articles the President was Commander Under the Articles the President was Commander

in Chiefin Chief Under the Articles states could print their own Under the Articles states could print their own

money.money. Under the Articles the Supreme Court had the Under the Articles the Supreme Court had the

power of Judicial Review.power of Judicial Review. Under the Articles state retained most of the Under the Articles state retained most of the

power to govern.power to govern. Shays Rebellion demonstrated the weakness of Shays Rebellion demonstrated the weakness of

the Articles.the Articles. Under the Articles the states with the largest Under the Articles the states with the largest

population had more representation in Congress.population had more representation in Congress.

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Put in Chronological orderPut in Chronological order

A. Declaration of IndependenceA. Declaration of Independence

B. Washington inaugurated as PresidentB. Washington inaugurated as President

C. Victory at YorktownC. Victory at Yorktown

D. Shots fired at Lexington and ConcordD. Shots fired at Lexington and Concord

E. Constitutional ConventionE. Constitutional Convention

D---A----C----E-----BD---A----C----E-----B

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QuizQuiz What is the term that describes a legislature What is the term that describes a legislature

with two parts?with two parts? BicameralBicameral Who wrote the Declaration of Who wrote the Declaration of

Independence?Independence? Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson Who is considered the Father of the Who is considered the Father of the

Constitution?Constitution? James MadisonJames Madison From which political philosopher did the From which political philosopher did the

author of the Declaration of Independence author of the Declaration of Independence borrow from extensively?borrow from extensively?

John LockeJohn Locke

Documents

What is Government? Government is the institution through which society makes and enforces it public policies. Government is the institution through which