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Objective(s): I canList the characteristics all
living things share.Explain where living things
come from.Identify what all living
things need to survive.
Key termsOrganismCellUnicellularMulticellularStimulusResponse
DevelopmentSpontaneous
generationAutotrophHeterotrophHomeostasis
Key ConceptsWhat characteristics do
all living things share?What do living things
come from?What do living things
need to survive?
IntroductionOrganisms are living things.Organisms include: plants,
dogs, sharks, sting rays, moss, bacteria, humans, worms, spiders, etc.
Living things in an environment are also referred to as biotic factors.
The Characteristics of Living ThingsLiving things share important
characteristics.Characteristic- a feature or
quality that makes somebody or something recognizable
All living things have a cellular organization, contain similar chemicals, use energy, respond to their surroundings, grow and develop, and reproduce.
Cellular Organization
All organisms are made of small building blocks called cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things.
Unicellular = one celled organismMulticellular = hundreds to trillions of
cells working together
The Chemicals of Life
Organism
CarbohydratesC, H, O
Provide energy
Proteins Chemical Reactions
Build & repair cells
Nucleic AcidsTransfer genes
Produce proteins
LipidsMostly C, HFats & Oils
Store energy
WaterH, OMost
abundant
Energy is the ability to do work and cause change
• Walking
•Talking
•Thinking
•Breathing
•Playing
•Studying
All require
energy!
Where do living organisms get their energy?
Living things obtain and use energy
Response to environment
Organisms respond to the environment around them. What are some common responses to your environment?
Stimulus: A change in the environment that occurs and causes a reaction.
Response: The way an organism reacts to the stimulus
Growth and Development
Growth is the process of becoming larger.
Development is the process of change that occurs during an organism’s life to produce a more complex organism.
Living things all grow and change. Whether talking about a person or a tree changes will take place as long as the organism is alive.
ReproduceAsexual Reproduction: single
organism reproduces without the aid of another
Sexual Reproduction: two cells from different individuals unite to produce the first cell of the new individual
Eliminate WasteAn organism may not
use all the nutrients from their energy sources.
The excess materials are eliminated/removed from the organism.
Life comes from Life Living things arise from living things
through reproduction.
At one time people believed that life could appear from nonliving material.
This mistaken idea that living things can arise from nonliving sources is called spontaneous generation.
It took hundreds of years to convince people that spontaneous generation does not occur.http://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photo-large-fly-on-a-wall-
image10562960
Redi’s Experiment•An Italian doctor
•Helped disprove spontaneous generation during 1600s
•Designed a controlled experiment to show flies don’t arise from decaying meat
Pasteur’s Experiment
• A French Chemist
• Designed controlled experiments that finally rejected spontaneous generation in the mide-1800s
The Needs of Living Things
Though surprising, flies, bacteria, and all other living things have the same basic needs as you.
All living things must satisfy their basic needs for water, food, living space, substances found in air, and stable internal conditions.
WaterAll living things need water to
survive.Most organisms can live for
only a few days without water.Organisms need water to obtain
chemicals from their surroundings, break down food, grow, move substances within their bodies, and reproduce.
FoodOrganisms need a source of energy
to live.Food is used as the energy source.Some organisms, such as plants,
capture the sun’s energy and use it to make food.
Organisms that make their own food are called autotrophs. Auto- means “self” and –troph means “feeder.”
FoodOrganisms that cannot make their own
food are called heterotrophs. Hetero- means “other.”
Heterotrophs obtain their energy by feeding on others.
Some heterotrophs eat autotrophs and use the energy I the autotroph’s stored food.
Other heterotrophs consume heterotrophs that eat autotrophs.
Therefore, heterotroph’s energy source is also the sun- but in an indirect way.
Living SpaceAll organisms need a living space- a
place to get food and water and find shelter.
Whether an organism lives in the freezing Antarctic or the scorching desert, its surrounding must provide what it needs to survive.
Because there is a limited amount of space on Earth, some organisms must compete for space.
Stable Internal ConditionsOrganisms must be able to keep the
conditions inside their bodies stable, even when conditions in their surroundings change significantly.
The maintenance of stable internal conditions is called homeostasis.
Homeostasis keeps internal conditions just right for cells to function.
Stable Internal ConditionsThink about your need for water
after a hard workout.When water levels in your body
decrease, chemicals in your body send signals to your brain, causing you to feel thirsty.
Other organisms have different mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis.