What is Physical Education What is Physical Education and Why is it Important?and Why is it Important?

Chapter 1Chapter 1

PretestPretest1.1. How many minutes of physical activity should children How many minutes of physical activity should children

accumulate per day?accumulate per day?2.2. What percentage of American children engage in the What percentage of American children engage in the

recommended level of physical activity?recommended level of physical activity?3.3. What percentage of American children ages 6-11 are obese?What percentage of American children ages 6-11 are obese?4.4. What percentage of American children ages 6-11 are What percentage of American children ages 6-11 are

overweight?overweight?5.5. What are 3 health effects of overweight and obesity?What are 3 health effects of overweight and obesity?6.6. Which racial groups encounter the highest levels of Which racial groups encounter the highest levels of

overweight and obesity?overweight and obesity?7.7. How many states require K-12 daily physical education?How many states require K-12 daily physical education?8.8. What percentage of high school students attend physical What percentage of high school students attend physical

education daily?education daily?9.9. How much money do researchers estimate states spend per How much money do researchers estimate states spend per

year in medical expenditures related to obesity?year in medical expenditures related to obesity?

#1#1How many minutes of physical How many minutes of physical

activity should children activity should children accumulate per day?accumulate per day?

60 minutes and up to several 60 minutes and up to several hours per dayhours per day

#2#2What percentage of American What percentage of American

children engage in the children engage in the recommended level of physical recommended level of physical

activity?activity?

67%67%

#3#3 What percentage of American What percentage of American children ages 6-11 are obese?children ages 6-11 are obese?

15.3%15.3%

#4#4 What percentage of American What percentage of American

children ages 6-11 are overweight?children ages 6-11 are overweight?

30.3%30.3%

#5#5 What are 3 health effects of What are 3 health effects of

overweight and obesity?overweight and obesity?

asthmaasthma

Type 2 diabetesType 2 diabetes

hypertensionhypertension

orthopedic complicationsorthopedic complications

psychosocial effectspsychosocial effects

sleep apneasleep apnea

#6#6Which racial groups encounter Which racial groups encounter the highest levels of overweight the highest levels of overweight

and obesity?and obesity?

African AmericansAfrican Americans

HispanicsHispanics

#7#7How many states require K-12 How many states require K-12

daily physical education?daily physical education?

2 = Illinois & Massachusetts2 = Illinois & Massachusetts

#8#8What percentage of high school What percentage of high school

students attend physical students attend physical education daily?education daily?

25%25%

#9#9How much money do researchers How much money do researchers estimate states spend per year in estimate states spend per year in medical expenditures related to medical expenditures related to

obesity?obesity?

$147 billion$147 billion

Overweight and ObesityOverweight and Obesity

The incidence of overweight has doubled in children The incidence of overweight has doubled in children and tripled in adolescents in the past 20 years and tripled in adolescents in the past 20 years (Action for (Action for Healthy Kids, 2006).Healthy Kids, 2006).

Among children and teens ages 6 to 19, 16% are Among children and teens ages 6 to 19, 16% are overweight.overweight.

Four in 10 Mexican-American and African-American Four in 10 Mexican-American and African-American youth ages 6 to 19 are overweight or at risk of being youth ages 6 to 19 are overweight or at risk of being overweight.overweight.

Children and adolescents who are overweight by the Children and adolescents who are overweight by the age of 8 are 80% more likely to become overweight age of 8 are 80% more likely to become overweight or obese adults.or obese adults.

(Shape of the Nation, 2006)

Obesity TrendsObesity Trends

In 1993, 12 states had obesity prevalence rates between 15 In 1993, 12 states had obesity prevalence rates between 15 percent and 19 percent, and no states had rates at or above 20 percent and 19 percent, and no states had rates at or above 20 percent.percent.

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

Obesity TrendsObesity Trends

Obesity TrendsObesity Trends

By 2003, 15 states had obesity prevalence rates between 15 percent By 2003, 15 states had obesity prevalence rates between 15 percent and 19 percent, 31 states had rates between 20 percent and 24 and 19 percent, 31 states had rates between 20 percent and 24 percent, and four states had rates at or above 25 percent.percent, and four states had rates at or above 25 percent.

(Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003; http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/trend/maps/index.htm)

Obesity TrendsObesity Trends20062006

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

Public SupportPublic Support

Nationwide, 95% of parents feel physical education Nationwide, 95% of parents feel physical education should be included in the curriculum for all students, should be included in the curriculum for all students, K-12.K-12.Eighty-five percent of parents and 81% of teachers Eighty-five percent of parents and 81% of teachers believe should have daily physical education at all believe should have daily physical education at all grade levels.grade levels.Ninety-two percent of teens feel they should have Ninety-two percent of teens feel they should have daily physical education.daily physical education.More than 75% of parents and teachers believe More than 75% of parents and teachers believe physical education should not be eliminated.physical education should not be eliminated.

(Shape of the Nation, 2006)

What is physical education?What is physical education?

A movement program sponsored by K-12 A movement program sponsored by K-12 schools that provides a planned sequence of schools that provides a planned sequence of developmentally appropriate activities, games, developmentally appropriate activities, games, and sportsand sportsEducates all students about and through Educates all students about and through movementmovementDesigned to develop basic fundamental skills, Designed to develop basic fundamental skills, sports skills, and physical fitness to prepare sports skills, and physical fitness to prepare children for lifetime participation in physical children for lifetime participation in physical activityactivity

Benefits of Physical EducationBenefits of Physical Education

Physical BenefitsPhysical Benefits– Aids in development of healthy bones, Aids in development of healthy bones,

muscles, and jointsmuscles, and joints– Improves muscular strength, flexibility, Improves muscular strength, flexibility,

balance, and coordinationbalance, and coordination– Less susceptible to injuryLess susceptible to injury– More efficient hearts during exercise and restMore efficient hearts during exercise and rest

Benefits of Physical EducationBenefits of Physical Education

Cognitive BenefitsCognitive Benefits– Development of neural networksDevelopment of neural networks– Blood circulation carries glucose and oxygen Blood circulation carries glucose and oxygen

to the brainto the brain– Increases mental alertness while decreasing Increases mental alertness while decreasing

fatiguefatigue

Benefits of Physical EducationBenefits of Physical Education

Affective BenefitsAffective Benefits– Higher self-esteem and decreased levels of Higher self-esteem and decreased levels of

stress and anxietystress and anxiety– Increased socializationIncreased socialization

Characteristics of a Physically Characteristics of a Physically Educated PersonEducated Person

HasHas learned skills necessary to perform a learned skills necessary to perform a variety of physical activitiesvariety of physical activitiesIsIs physically fit physically fitDoesDoes participate regularly in physical participate regularly in physical activityactivityKnowsKnows the implications and benefits of the implications and benefits of involvement in physical activitiesinvolvement in physical activitiesValuesValues physical activity and its contribution physical activity and its contribution to a healthful lifestyleto a healthful lifestyle

Movement TerminologyMovement TerminologyPlay – movement activities done only by children during Play – movement activities done only by children during their free time; minimal supervisiontheir free time; minimal supervisionGames – creative or regularized movement activities that Games – creative or regularized movement activities that occur when several children play together; become more occur when several children play together; become more organized as children grow older, followed by the organized as children grow older, followed by the development of rulesdevelopment of rulesSports – organized games that have established, Sports – organized games that have established, accepted, published rules of playaccepted, published rules of playAthletics – develops a select group of highly skilled Athletics – develops a select group of highly skilled individuals; officials are utilizedindividuals; officials are utilizedExercise – movement engaged in by adults for the Exercise – movement engaged in by adults for the improvement of or maintenance of physical fitness; improvement of or maintenance of physical fitness; planned, structured, repetitive, and purposefulplanned, structured, repetitive, and purposeful

What is physical activity?What is physical activity?

A bodily movement that is produced by the A bodily movement that is produced by the contraction of skeletal systems and that contraction of skeletal systems and that substantially increases energy expenditure substantially increases energy expenditure (U.S. (U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services, 1996)Dept. of Health & Human Services, 1996)

A behaviorA behaviorContains multiple sub-categories:Contains multiple sub-categories:– Exercise/trainingExercise/training– SportSport– Leisure activitiesLeisure activities– DanceDance– OthersOthers

What is physical fitness?What is physical fitness?

A set of attributes that people have or achieve A set of attributes that people have or achieve relating to their ability to perform physical activity relating to their ability to perform physical activity (U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services, 1996)(U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services, 1996)

A traitA traitContains five components:Contains five components:– Body compositionBody composition– Cardiovascular fitnessCardiovascular fitness– FlexibilityFlexibility– Muscular enduranceMuscular endurance– Muscular strengthMuscular strength

Relationships Between Physical Relationships Between Physical Activity and Physical FitnessActivity and Physical Fitness

Physical FitnessHealth

&Wellness

Physical Activity

HeredityOther lifestylesEnvironment

Personal attributes

Effective TeachingEffective Teaching

Create a positive learning environmentCreate a positive learning environment

Be a good communicatorBe a good communicator

Be a knowledgeable practitionerBe a knowledgeable practitioner

Provide meaningful feedbackProvide meaningful feedback

Create stimulating tasksCreate stimulating tasks

Be concerned with student achievementBe concerned with student achievement

Classroom TeacherClassroom Teacher

Let the PE teacher know what you’re Let the PE teacher know what you’re doingdoing

Pure memorization is out – Pure memorization is out – kinesthetic is inkinesthetic is in

Don’t forget re-energizersDon’t forget re-energizers

Some things to think about…Some things to think about…

What do you think your role as an What do you think your role as an elementary teacher is in providing elementary teacher is in providing

physical activity to children?physical activity to children?

How do you think you can influence How do you think you can influence children’s physical activity levels?children’s physical activity levels?