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What is the autoclave thing again
Sanitization: fancy word for CleaningRemoving of foreign material
Dirt, body fluids, lubricants
Using detergents, soap & H2O, scrubbing, ultrasonic
1st step in the disinfection and/or sterilization process
Temperature of the water is important.
Sanitization: First levelEquipment and instruments and surfacesScrubbingCleaningUsing detergents and H20Scrubbing to remove contamination on hard to
reach surfacesOpen hinges and ratchets
UltrasonicBath of special solution through which sound
waves pass loosing debris from instrumentsUsed for sanitization of
Sharp objects: scalpels, or those with sharp edges
Be aware that instruments made of different metals should be separated
Always place instruments in open position
NoteFor instruments contaminated with blood or
protein these need to be rinsed in cool water to remove contamination before sanitization
This step is not necessary if usingSpecialized detergents that are neutral ph,
low sudsing, formulated to dissolve blood and blood products
After CleaningRinse individuallyPlace on clean towelDry thoroughlyInspect for damage and smooth operationIf instruments do not require further
disinfection or sterilization they can be stored
NoteBe aware of manufactures guidelinesThink soft metals Rubber tubingElectronics
Disinfection: Second LevelProcess that eliminates many or all
microorganisms except sporesEither with liquid chemicals or boiling
(instruments placed into room temperature water that is raised to boiling for a period of time and then allowed to cool)
Disinfection: Key pointProper contactProper timeProper dilution
Disinfection Three LevelsHigh-level Destroy all microorganisms except bacterial
sporesIntermediate disinfectionInactivates M. tuberculosia vegetative
bacteria such as Staphlycococcus aureus, most fungus and viruses
Not bacterial spores
DisinfectionLow-level disinfectionMost bacteriaSome virusesSome fungiNot resistant microorganisms (super bugs)Not bacterial spores
Disinfection processWear gloves when handling instrumentsDisinfection solutions must cover every
surfaceUsed if instrument does not penetrate a
patient’s skin or mucous membranesEnamelwareEndotracheal tubesLaryngoscopes and nasal canulasGlassware
Sterilization: Third StageRequired for all instruments or supplies that
will penetrate a client’s skin or come in contact in areas below the integumentary level.
Any instrument that will come in contact with a sterile field
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Sterilization Required for all instruments or supplies
that will penetrate a patient’s skin or any other normally sterile area of the body.
First sanitize it and/or disinfect it.AutoclavingChemical (cold) processesDry heat processesGas processesMicrowave processes
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AutoclavePrimary method of
sterilizing instrumentsSteam operate at lower
temperature Moist steam permeates
the wrapping Moisture causes
coagulation of proteins causing cells to burst and killing them.
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Autoclave (cont.)
1.Prepare instruments by wrapping in muslin or special porous paper
2.Preheat according to manufacturer’s guidelines
3.Perform any quality control procedures
4.Load instruments and equipment5.Set the autoclave for the correct
time after temperature and pressure has been reached
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Autoclave (cont.)
6. Run the autoclave through sterilization cycle and drying cycle
7. Remove the instruments and equipment
8. Store the instruments and equipment properly
9. Clean autoclave and surrounding area
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Microorganisms
Other Methods of SterilizationChemical – using chemicals
solutions (Chemiclave) when heat can’t be used
Dry heat – used when can’t use moist heat or chemicals
Gas – used in hospitals takes longer than steam
Microwave – low pressure steam with radiation to produce localized heat that kills microorganisms.
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Apply Your Knowledge
How would you know the autoclave is working?
.
Apply Your Knowledge
When would you use a chemical process to sterilize instruments?
Storage of Autoclaved instrumentsWhat is the most important detail about
where you would store sterilized instruments?
Apply Your KnowledgeWhat is the difference between
sanitization and sterilization?
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Apply Your KnowledgeWhat is the difference between sanitization and sterilization?
Sanitization is the cleaning and scrubbing instruments and equipment to remove contaminated materials and microorganisms.
Sterilization is the complete destruction of all microorganisms -pathogenic, beneficial, and harmless - from the surface of instruments and equipment.