What is the difference between sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction?

Sexual Reproduction- Believe it or not- has nothing to do with the act of “sex”.

When two gametes from different parents fuse to produce offspring.

Many organisms can carry out both at some point in their life.

Sponge expelling sperm into the water.

This bee will take pollen (sperm cell) to flowers where it will enter the

female part of the plant (pistil). Internal mammal

fertilization.

Asexual Reproduction- Reproduction that only involves one parent.

Without the fusion of gametes

What was the name of bacteria asexual reproduction?

Binary fission

Some plants produce spores on their own and then these are

dispersed to produce new plants

Starfish can asexually reproduce through fragmentation.

A fragment lost from one starfish can develop into a mature fully grown individual.

The Reproductive SystemYou may feel the urge to giggle…..you may feel uncomfortable, or embarrassed, but that is not the intent of this lesson. We are learning about the anatomy and function of the human body- which includes the reproductive system.

TRY YOUR BEST to stay mature.

WARNING: If a vulgar or disrespectful comment pops into your brain, keep it there.

Extension of Endocrine System

What are the hormones included in the reproductive system?

Testosterone Estrogen / Progesterone

MALESTESTOSTERONE:

In what gland is most of a male’s testosterone produced?

Male sex hormone

Steroid

Essential for the production of sperm

Builds muscle, elevates mood, increases energy

Testes: 2 glands located in the scrotum

Sperm is produced here

When puberty begins, millions of sperm are produced a day

98.6 is too hot for sperm

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• Puberty refers to the time when secondary sex characteristics begin to develop so that sexual maturity—the potential for sexual reproduction—is reached.

Secondary sex characteristics (traits that distinguish the two sexes but are not directly part of the reproductive system)

MALE PUBERTY

Growth Deeper Voice

Body Hair

Sweat and B.O. Pimples

• The changes associated with puberty are controlled by sex hormones secreted by the endocrine system.

MALE PUBERTY

The Hypothalamus and Pituitary glands create activators that trigger testosterone production and sperm and semen production.

FEMALESESTROGEN:

In what gland is most of a female’s sex hormones produced?

PROGESTERONE:

Female Sex Hormone, steroid

Released throughout a women’s reproductive years (Puberty – Menopause)

Responsible for releasing eggs

Female Sex Hormone, steroid

Maintains the lining of the uterus in preparation for a fertilized egg

Ovaries: 2 glands on either side of the uterus

Size and shape of an almond

Eggs are produced here

400,000 potential eggs are formed before birth in each

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Vagina

Fallopian TubesUterus

• Secondary sex characteristics (traits that distinguish the two sexes but are not directly part of the reproductive system)

FEMALE PUBERTY

Growth

Breasts

Body Hair

Sweat and B.O.

• As in males, puberty in females begins when the hypothalamus signals the pituitary to produce and release the activator hormones FSH and LH.

• In females, FSH stimulates the cells around an egg cell and begins the release of estrogen.

FEMALE PUBERTY

• LH triggers progesterone production and ovulation.

• The process of the egg rupturing through the ovary wall is called ovulation.

• A total of about 400 eggs are ovulated during the reproductive life of a female.

As ovulation occurs the uterus prepares for receiving it by thickening its walls.

• If the egg released at ovulation is not fertilized, the lining of the uterus is shed, causing some bleeding for a few days- this is all known as the menstrual cycle.

• The menstrual cycle begins during puberty and continues for 30 to 40 years, until menopause.

• At menopause, the female stops releasing eggs and the secretion of female hormones decreases.

• If the egg released at ovulation is fertilized, the zygote travels through the Fallopian tube while dividing, and attaches itself to the uterine wall.

Click image to view movie.

Fertilization

First cell division

Additional cell divisions

Cell Differentiation in Animal DevelopmentCell Differentiation in Animal Development

Formation of a blastula

Gastrulation

Formation of mesoderm

Sperm cells

Egg cell

Endoderm

Mesoderm

Ectoderm

Click image to view movie.

Embryo DevelopmentEmbryo Development

Question 1Hypothesize why there are a number of mitochondria in the mid-piece of a sperm.

A sperm must travel quite a distance to reach the egg. Mitochondria provide the energy

needed for locomotion.

Answer

Question 2What is the effect of FSH on males during puberty?

A. It initiates sperm production

B. It causes the various glands to secrete fluids into the semen

C. It stimulates the production of testosterone

D. It causes sperm to mature

Answer: A

Question 3The release of an egg from the ovary would not occur if which of the following hormones were missing?

A. Estrogen

B. Progesterone

C. FSH

D. LH

Answer: D

Question 4Ovaries are to eggs as testes are to __________.

A. epididymis

B. zygotes

C. embryos

D. sperm

Answer: D

Question 5Explain what happens if the egg is not fertilized in the Fallopian Tube.

The unfertilized egg would continue into the uterus, where the lining has thickened. Then the egg and extra lining will be shed and the female will experience menstruation.

Answer: