WHAT WERE THE SHORT AND LONG TERM EFFECTS OF THE CIVIL WAR?

IF YOU LIVED IN ONE OF THESE CITIES, WHAT

WOULD YOU BE THINKING?

Richmond, VA

Richmond, VA

Charleston, SC

Atlanta

What attitudes might each side have after the Civil War?

• North• South

QUESTION??

• What was Lincoln’s original reason for war with the seceded southern states?

•UNION

FACT!• With Gettysburg, the Union starts

winning battles• Lincoln starts planning for after

the war• What do we call this plan?• RECONSTRUCTION

• • •

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Bullet points pg. 565

Read pgs. 544-549

I CAN UNDERSTAND HOW THE GOVERNMENT TRIED TO SOLVE KEY PROBLEMS FACING THE NATION AFTER THE CIVIL WAR

Ch 16 Sec 1

How to restore the United States?

• Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan

• Wade-Davis Bill

Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan

• December 1863• Lincoln wanted to make it easy for the

southern states to rejoin the Union• To join the Union:

– 10% of voters swear loyalty oath– Voters organize new state Gov’t – Gov’t must declare an end to slavery– Then, state could send members to Congress– Amnesty for Confederates who swear loyalty

Wade-Davis Bill

• Mid 1864• Congress passed stricter plan• To join the Union:

– 50% of voters swear loyalty oath – Anyone who voluntarily fought for Confederacy

could not vote for delegates• Believed a strict plan would keep the people

who had led the South into secession from regaining power

Which plan is better? Take a vote!

10% PlanWade-Davis Bill

With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us

strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to

care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his

orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace

among ourselves and with all nations.

Results

• Lincoln refused to sign the Wade-Davis bill because it did not give volunteer Confederate soldiers the right to vote

• Lincoln hoped for a peaceful Reconstruction, but he would not get the chance to put his plans into practice.

Freedmen’s Bureau

March 1865• Emergency relief to displaced

persons• Schools for freedmen

Northern black and white female teachers

• Courts to deal with freedmen issues

PROBLEM

Lincoln Murdered

• April 14, 1865 • Shot by Confederate sympathizer

John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater in Washington

• 5 days after Lee’s surrender

What impact will Lincoln’s death

have on the nation?

We have a new President

• Lincoln wanted the southern states back in the Union quickly

• President Johnson followed Lincoln’s example

• What did others think?

• • •

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Bullet points pg. 565

Read pgs. 552-557

I can understand how disagreements over Reconstruction led to conflict in government and in the South

Ch 16 Sec 2

Time Line• 1865 – Freedmans Bureau• Jan 1865 – 13th Amendment banning

slavery• April 9,1865 – Lee surrenders to Grant• April 14, 1865 – Lincoln shot• April 15, 1865 – Johnson sworn in

What happened

• Johnson grants amnesty to former confederates

• Southern states allowed reorganize and elect representatives to Congress

• Forced to ratify 13th Amendment

OOPS

• Congress said NO!• Refused to seat new delegates• Created a committee to come up

with plan

•Secretary of War Stanton doesn’t tell Johnson about clemency plea for Mary Surratt

•She is hung with other Lincoln conspirators

Black Codes• Congress learns of

southern black codes- No vote- No jury duty- Court ordered

slavery(Miss)

• Congress is angry!!• Republicans control Congress• Radical Republicans gain strength

Goals

• Radical republicans have 2 goals

1. Prevent former confederates from controlling southern politics2. Protect freedmen and guarantee them the vote

Actions

• Congress passes Civil Rights Act of 1866.- Citizenship to African Americans- Guaranteed civil rights to all (except Native Americans)

• Extends life of Freedmen’s Bureau

Johnson says VETO!!

Congress over rides veto!

Not everyone is happy.

More Action

• Congress creates 14th Amendment• Wants to make sure Supreme Court does

not get rid of Civil Rights Act.(REMEMBER DRED SCOTT)

• Approved in 1868• Radical Republicans take over

Reconstruction

Radical Reconstruction

• Violent 1866 electionsMemphis and New Orleans

White rioters and police• 1867 – Radical Republicans had

support for, “HARD RECONSTRUCTION”

1867 Reconstruction Act• If refused to ratify 14th Amendment,

removed state government• Installed military government• To get back in Union, must

1. Write new Constitution2. Ratify 14th Amendment3. Allow black vote

Hard Reconstruction• Soldiers register southern blacks• AL – FL – SC – LA – MISS majority

black• 1868, Republicans won all southern

states• States wrote new constitutions• Congress seats reps from 7 states

New roles

• Blacks play new roles in southern politics

Sheriffs, mayors, judges, legislators

• 1872-1901, 16 blacks in House of Reps.

• 2 Senators

Reconstruction Accomplishments

• Public schools• Fairer taxes• Fairer voting• Female property rights• Rebuilt infrastructure

2 Reconstruction views• MUCH GOOD

ACCOMPLISHED• Public schools• Fairer taxes• Fairer voting• Female property

rights• Rebuilt

infrastructure

• Some Problems• Corruption• Excessive

spending

CHANGES

• Old Southern politicians lost power• Republicans over Democrats

- Supported by southern secession opponents

- Freedmen- Northerners who went south

Perceptions

•People in North saw progress

Perceptions• People in south saw

SCALAWAGS – Southerners who were opposed to secession and stayed in the south to the end

Carpetbaggers

Freedmen

REMEMBER• Edwin Stanton – Secretary of War

who did not give clemency papers to Pres. Johnson?

• Pres. Johnson fired him• House of Reps impeached him• Senate found him NOT GUILTY

RESULTS

• Johnson did not get re-elected• 1868 - New President, Ulysses S.

GrantWas not a Radical Republican

• Radicals start to lose power as Grant was not radical

15th Amendment

• 1869 – 15th Amendment guaranteed the right to vote to black males.

• Weak amendment as it did not stop poll taxes (finally banned, 1964, 24th Amendment

Southern Response

• Some southerners responded with violence.

CAUTION – THE NEXT SLIDE IS GRAPHIC WITH AN ACTUAL PICTURE OF A LYNCHING. IF YOU HAVE A WEAK STOMACH OR OBJECT TO GRAPHIC PICTURES OF HOMICIDE, TURN YOUR HEAD IN 3-2-1.

• • •

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Bullet points pg 565 Read pgs. 558-563

Ch 16 Sec 3

• I CAN UNDERSTAND THE EFFECTS OF RECONSTRUCTION

Self Rule

• Grants wins again in 1872• Corruption continues – Grant not

involved• Republicans start to lose power• Democrats take control• States return to full rights

1876

• Republican Hayes elected President• Hayes promises to keep

Reconstruction• Vote thrown to House of Reps• Hayes privately agrees to end Recon• Does so when elected

Blacks lose rights

• As Democrats take over in states- Poll tax- Literacy tests- Jim Crow laws – Segregation

• Plessy v Ferguson – allowed Separate but equal

Cycle of Poverty

• Some teachers, lawyers, preachers

• Most had menial jobs• Sharecropping

see page 560-561

Southern Industrial Growth

• Southern Industry grew slow• Example –

A man from Georgia died.- He was buried in a pine casket

from Cincinnati- The nails in his coffin came from Pittsburg but there was an iron

mine in Georgia

Industrial Growth• South had natural resources

- Iron- Timber- Oil

• South had crops• New factories and manufacturing• Cotton no longer king