What will we learn today?What will we learn today?10.9.1 Soviet control over Eastern Europe10.9.2 Competition for Cold War influence10.9.5 Uprisings in Hungary and Czechoslovakia

You are the leader of a newly formed country. Think about how you would rule your country. Would you rather be loved or feared as a ruler? Why? How would you accomplish that?

• Analyze Soviet domination of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union-China split.

• Trace the origins of détente and its effects on the Cold War.

• Describe the renewal of Cold War tensions in the 1980s.

How did different leaders in the U.S. and the Soviet Union impact the direction of the Cold

War?

The policies of different leaders of the Soviet Union and the U.S. either increased or decreased tension during the Cold War throughout its decades-long existence. The Cold War began to thaw as the superpowers entered an era of uneasy diplomacy.

Rebellion; a usually violent effort by many people to change the government or leader of a country

The U.S. hoped the Bay of Pigs invasion would launch an uprising against Fidel Castro.

Someone who strongly and publicly disagrees with and criticizes the government

The Soviets targeted and severely punished political dissidents.

A lessening of unfriendly or hostile relations between countries

Many people supported the idea of détente in the Cold War because it made the threat of nuclear war less likely.

What is a satellite nation?

Why was it important to Stalin to set up satellite nations?

• 1953 – Stalin died of a stroke

• Replaced by Nikita Khrushchev

• Once in power, Khrushchev denounced Stalin for targeting loyal Soviet citizens

• Began process of “destalinization” to purge country of Stalin’s memory

• But a Khrushchev-led Soviet Union still refused to give up control of satellite nations

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• October 1956 – Protesters supported by Hungarian army overthrew Soviet-controlled govt.

• Imre Nagy formed a new govt. and promised free elections

• Soviets responded to this new govt. by invading Hungary

• Hungarians weren’t able to hold back the Soviets

• Pro-Soviet govt. was installed and Nagy was executed

Who replaced Stalin as leader of the Soviet Union?

Who was the leader of the Hungarian uprising?

How did the Soviets respond to this uprising in Hungary?

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• The Cuban Missile Crisis made Khrushchev look weak to the Soviets

• Soon after, he was replaced by Leonid Brezhnev

• Brezhnev was a harsh and oppressive leader– Limited freedom of speech

and worship– Censored writings– Arrested dissidents

• Brezhnev also made it clear he wouldn’t tolerate protest in satellite nations

• 1968 - Alexander Dubcek replaced a strict dictator in Czechoslovakia

• Dubcek implemented reforms like more freedom of speech and more freedom of the press in Czechoslovakia

• This period became known as Prague Spring– A time for new ideas and

looser restrictions

• But the Prague Spring didn’t last long

• The Soviets feared that the Prague Spring might inspire a revolt

• Troops from Warsaw Pact nation invaded Czechoslovakia in the summer.

• Czechoslovakia remained under Soviet control

• When Mao came to power in China, he signed a treaty of friendship with Stalin

• Soviets figured China would follow Soviet leadership in world affairs

• But China grew more confident and started to spread their own form of communism

• Soviets respond by refusing to share nuclear secrets and ending economic aid

• Tensions existed until end of Cold War

Why was Khrushchev replaced?

Who replaced Khrushchev?

Who was Alexander Dubcek?

What was the Prague Spring?

Why were the Soviets not happy about the Prague Spring?

What did the Soviets do in response to the Prague Spring?

What is brinkmanship?

Brinkmanship

• Policy of brinkmanship was in place under Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson

• Détente Policy of lessoning tension

• Practiced under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford

• 1972 – Nixon visited Communist China

• SALT Treaty – US and USSR agreed to limit number of missiles owned by each country

• The fiercely anti-Communist Ronald Reagan became president in 1981.

• Moved away from détente

• Increased defense spending

• 1983 – Reagan creates Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), a space-based program to protect U.S. from missiles

• More commonly referred to as “Star Wars”

• Never put into place because too costly and too complicated

What was the most serious example of brinkmanship in action?

What are two examples of détente in action?

Which president ended the practice of détente by the U.S.?

What was “Star Wars”?